第二版 现代大学英语精读 3 Unit1 Your- College- Years

1、Lesson One Your College Years Bob Hartman,contents,Part One: Warm-up Part Two: Background Information Part Three: Text Appreciation Part Four: Language Study Part Five: Exercises,Part 1 Warm-up Warm-up questions College Years vs. Seasons,Warm-up Questions,As a sophomore, what is your general impress

2、ion of college?,the golden time in ones life many opportunities for one to explore the unknown experiencing a lot making lifelong friends enjoying various kinds of activities developing ones personal interests keeping a good balance and laying a solid foundation ,2. Have you experienced anything dif

3、ferent from your middle school life?,being far away from home living with others becoming independent taking care of oneself handling ones own finance making ones own decisions changes are occurring,3. Whats your purpose of receiving a college education?,to get and keep a good job to earn more money

4、 to get a good start in life to fully develop oneself to contribute more to the society ,4. Have you had any psychological problems ever since you entered college?,loneliness confusion frustration jealousy a sense of inferiority feeling pressure ,5. Is there generation gap between your parents and y

5、ou?,College Years vs. Seasons What do you think the four seasons represent and explain why?,College Years vs. Seasons,Spring Summer,Sophomore,Freshman,Junior,Senior,Freshman: Spring,Spring is the season for nature to revive, to grow and to get ready to boom. Similarly, in college, spring is the seas

6、on for you to acquire knowledge, to develop yourself and to lay a solid foundation for the future. Its the season of growth.,Sophomore: Summer,Summer is the season for flowers to bloom, and its the season for you to enjoy the greatest passion in nature love, love from your classmates, from your teac

7、hers and from your romance. It is the season of affection.,Junior: Autumn,Its the season for you to enjoy what you have achieved. Autumn is a season of harvest .,Senior: Winter,Winter is the harshest season of the four, which presents so many difficulties and hardships. So winter is the season of ch

8、ange. Unpleasant as it may seem to some students, it is simply inescapable and beneficial to ones growth and maturity.,大一 彷徨 大二 呐喊 大三 伤势 大四 朝花夕拾,Part 2 Background Information,Part II Background Information,I. Author Bob Hartman was born in Pittsburgh, the United States, and moved to England in the s

9、ummer of 2000. He has been working as a storyteller for children for over 12 years . He uses his dynamic and interactive style to entertain audiences. He is also a part-time pastor.,He loves to help children (and adults!) create their own stories on the spot. He runs practical workshops for adults w

10、ho want to improve their storytelling skills. Whatever the occasion, Bobs storytelling sessions are always exciting, engaging and, above all, interactive!,Well-known for the Lion Storyteller series and the highly acclaimed Angels, Angels All Around, Bobs publications also include Easter Stories and

11、The Complete Bible Baddies. For adults, Bob has written Telling the Bible and Telling the Bible 2 - a series of retellings of passages from the Bible for individual and group performance - and Anyone Can Tell a Story, full of Bobs tips for great storytelling.,A selection of books by Bob Hartman,II.

12、Erik H. Erickson Erik H. Erikson (19021994), was a German-born American psychoanalyst whose writings on social psychology, individual identity, and the interactions of psychology with history, politics, and culture influenced professional approaches to psychosocial problems and attracted much popula

13、r interest. He was most famous for his work on refining and expanding Freuds theory of developmental stages.,III. Ericksons Developmental Stages Basic Theory: Babies are born with some basic capabilities and distinct temperaments. But they go through dramatic changes on the way to adulthood and old

14、age. According to psychologist Erik H. Erikson, each individual passes through eight developmental stages.,Each developmental stage is characterized by a different psychological crisis, which must be resolved by the individual before the individual can move on to the next stage. If the person copes

15、with a particular crisis in a maladaptive不适应的, 不利于适应的 manner, the outcome will be more struggles with that issue later in life. To Erikson, the sequence of the stages are set by nature. It is within the set limits that nurture works its ways.,人格发展的八阶段理论,埃里克森认为，人的自我意识发展持续一生，他把自我意识的形成和发展过程划分为八个阶段，这八个阶

16、段的顺序是由遗传决定的，但是每一阶段能否顺利度过却是由环境决定的，所以这个理论可称为心理社会阶段理论。每一个阶段都是不可忽视的。他的人格终生发展论，为不同年龄段的教育提供了理论依据和教育内容，任何年龄段的教育失误，都会给一个人的终生发展造成障碍。它也告诉每个人你为什么会成为现在这个样子，你的心理品质哪些是积极的，哪些是消极的，多在哪个年龄段形成的，给你以反思的依据。,Stage 1: Infant Trust vs MistrustNeeds maximum comfort with minimal uncertainty to trust himself/herself, others, a

17、nd the environment. 婴儿期（01.5岁）：基本信任和不信任的心理冲突 此阶段的发展任务是获得信任感，克服不信任感。,Stage 2: Toddler Autonomy vs Shame and DoubtWorks to master physical environment while maintaining self-esteem. 儿童早期（1.53岁）：自主与害羞和怀疑的冲突 这一时期，儿童掌握了大量的技能，如，爬、走、说话等。更重要的是他们学会了怎样坚持或放弃，也就是说儿童开始“有意志”地决定做什么或不做什么。,Stage 3: Preschooler Initi

18、ative vs GuiltBegins to initiate, not imitate, activities; develops conscience and sexual identity. 学前期（36岁）：主动对内疚的冲突 在这一时期如果幼儿表现出的主动探究行为受到鼓励，幼儿就会形成主动性，这为他将来成为一个有责任感、有创造力的人奠定了基础。如果成人讥笑幼儿的独创行为和想象力，那么幼儿就会逐渐失去自信心，这使他们更倾向于生活在别人为他们安排好的狭窄圈子里，缺乏自己开创幸福生活的主动性。,Stage 4: School-age Child Industry vs Inferiorit

19、yTries to develop a sense of self-worth by refining skills. 学龄期（612岁），勤奋对自卑的冲突 这一阶段的儿童都应在学校接受教育。学校是训练儿童适应社会、掌握今后生活所必需的知识和技能的地方。如果他们能顺利地完成学习课程，他们就会获得勤奋感，这使他们在今后的独立生活和承担工作任务中充满信心。反之，就会产生自卑。,Stage 5: Adolescent Identity vs Role ConfusionTries integrating many roles (child, sibling, student, athlete, wo

20、rker) into a self-image under role model and peer pressure. 青春期（1218岁）：自我同一性和角色混乱的冲突 一方面青少年本能冲动的高涨会带来问题，另一方面更重要的是青少年面临新的社会要求和社会的冲突而感到困扰和混乱。所以，青少年期的主要任务是建立一个新的同一感或自己在别人眼中的形象，以及他在社会集体中所占的情感位置。这一阶段的危机是角色混乱。,“这种统一性的感觉也是一种不断增强的自信心，一种在过去的经历中形成的内在持续性和同一感（一个人心理上的自我）。如果这种自我感觉与一个人在他人心目中的感觉相称，很明显这将为一个人的生涯增添绚丽的

21、色彩”。 埃里克森把同一性危机理论用于解释青少年对社会不满和犯罪等社会问题上，他说：如果一个儿童感到他所处于的环境剥夺了他在未来发展中获得自我同一性的种种可能性，他就将以令人吃惊的力量抵抗社会环境。在人类社会的丛林中，没有同一性的感觉，就没有自身的存在，所以，他宁做一个坏人，或干脆死人般的活着，也不愿做不伦不类的人，他自由地选择这一切。,Stage 6: Young Adult Intimacy vs IsolationLearns to make personal commitment to another as spouse, parent or partner. 成人早期（1825岁）：

22、亲密对孤独的冲突 Stage 7: Middle-Age Adult Generativity vs StagnationSeeks satisfaction through productivity in career, family, and civic interests. 成年中期（2550岁）：生育对自我专注的冲突,Stage 8: Older Adult Integrity vs DespairReviews life accomplishments, deals with loss and prepares for death. 成年晚期（50岁以上）：自我调整与绝望期的冲突,埃

23、里克森认为，在每一个心理社会发展阶段中，解决了核心问题之后所产生的人格特质，都包括了积极与消极两方面的品质，如果各个阶段都保持向积极品质发展，就算完成了这阶段的任务，逐渐实现了健全的人格，否则就会产生心理社会危机，出现情绪障碍，形成不健全的人格。,Part III Text Analysis,I. Theme of the text College is designed to be a time of changes for students. College students are experiencing a lot. Threatening the changes may be, t

24、hey contribute to young adults growth and maturity.,Structure,Key changes will happen during college years. (para. 1),Key changes in detail. (para. 2-9),Restating the thesis: significance (para. 10),Thesis:,Supportive ideas:,Thesis consolidation:,by definition, explanation, citation, antithesis, exa

25、mple,Skimming,Q: What are the key changes which will probably happen in college years?,The Key Changes (7),identity crisis the independence/dependence struggle; establishment of sexual identity; affection giving and receiving; internalization of religious faith, values and morals; development of new

26、 ways to organize and use knowledge; new understanding of the world and himself/herself.,Para. 2,Para. 3-4,Para. 5,Para. 6,Para. 7,Para. 8,Para. 9,Q: Can you find the definition of “identity” in para. 2? How people perceive themselves and how other people perceive them.,Q: How do college students go

27、 through an identity crisis at college? What factors may influence identity? Students endeavor to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are. They want to know how other people perceive themselves as well. Identity may be influenced by genes, environment and opportunities.,Q:

28、According to Jeffery A. Hoffmans observation, there are four distinct aspects to psychological separation from ones parents. What are they? Functional independence. Attitudinal independence. Emotional independence. Freedom from excessive feelings( “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility,

29、 inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.”),Q: Are college students totally independent from the parents? Why? (paras.3-4) No. They may become financially independent from their parents in pursuing for a college education. But they have chosen to grow and learn how to

30、be independent.,Q: What may be one of the most stressful matters college students experience according to the author? Establishing their sexual identity. It includes relating to the opposite sex and projecting their future roles as men or women.,Q: How do college students become world citizens? At c

31、ollege, the young adults have good chances to meet people from different cultures. By interacting with them, they are introduced to new ways of life. They begin to understand life in different ways. By doing these, they experience a new understanding of the world and themselves.,Language study,Thesi

32、s Identifying,three questions： Have you ever considered Has it ever occurred to you Has it ever dawned on you Thesis: Though college students seldom think about them, key changes will probably happen to them during their college years.,Para. 1,It occurs to sb. that /to do to come into ones mind 想起；想

33、到 e.g. It never occurred to me that wealth could ruin a persons life. It never occurred to him to lock his door in the daytime. 我突然想到她可能没说实话。 It occurred to me that she might not be telling the truth.,To be continued on the next page.,Synonyms： to come into ones mind; e.g. A new idea came into my mi

34、nd. It strikes sb. that It struck her that although she was now rich, she was not really happy.,to dawn on/upon sb. to gradually become clear to someones mind; to become evident to someone. 逐渐明白 It finally dawned on me that he had been lying. 最后我才明白他一直在撒谎。 The truth began to dawn on him. 他开始明白真相 。,d

35、evelopmental changes : This is a psychological term which refers to the physiological and behavioral changes throughout ones life. from adolescence to young adulthood :The term adolescence began as a Western concept, which means the period between childhood and adulthood. from adolescence to young a

36、dulthood is often marked by a number of small changes in status during or near the end of adolescence.,Translation of Para.1,你是否考虑过，作为一名大学生，你的生活现在起着什么变化，将来又会有什么变化？你是否想过，大学教授和其他教职工为了你大学时代的成长和发展制定了目标吗？你是否想过，在 你由青春期迈向成年的过程中，你的生活将发生某些成长变化吗 ？虽然大学生们很少思考这些问 题，但是他们在大学时代很可能会发生一些重大的变化。,going through: 1. under

37、go；experience；suffer；endure 经历; 遭受；忍受（困难、痛苦等） *They went through many hardships during the war 他们在战争年代里历尽千辛万苦。 2. pass through 穿过 *The rain has gone through my overcoat 雨水渗透了我的大衣。,To be continued on the next page.,3. examine查阅 *I will go through your papers 我将审阅你们的论文。 4. complete 完成 *After months of

38、 efforts the work finally went through经数月的努力，工作终于完成。 *Lets go through all the exercises before we go out我们出去前把练习做完。,To be continued on the next page.,5. be passed；be accepted被通过；被认可 *The law has now gone through 这项法律已获通过。 6. search搜查 *The Customs went through all our luggage at the airport 在飞机场，海关把我

39、们的行李都检查了一遍 7. discuss carefully 详细讨论 *Lets go through the details of the examination 让我们详细讨论一下有关考试的具体问题吧。,identity crisis It refers to the difficulties, confusions and anxieties that you go through during adolescence when you are not sure who you really are and what your purpose in life is. 自我认识危机：青

40、春期自我认识的动摇、自我丧失所引起的心理危机。,to endeavor to do sth. ：to try /attempt/make an effort to do sth. 努力做 e.g. We must always endeavor to improve our work. He endeavored to calm himself down but in vain. n. effort; attempt Idiomatic Expression: to make every endeavor/ effort to do sth. 尽一切努力 e.g. Please make ev

41、ery endeavor to arrive punctually. We make every endeavor to satisfy our customers.,perceive 1. become aware of (sb/sth); notice; observe 意识到, 注意到, 观察到 : I perceived that his behavior had changed. 我发觉他的行为有些变化.,To be continued on the next page.,2. to think of as 把看作 e.g. He perceived himself a loser

42、who could not even support his family. 他认为自己是个失败者，因为不能抚养家人。,To be continued on the next page.,Derivatives: perception,观念, 洞察力, 认识能力 perceptive有洞察力的 , perceivable可察觉的,感觉得到的 Associates: -ceive: take conceive,构想 ，设想；怀孕 conception, .思想，观念 concept概念，观念，思想,receive, receiver,听筒, 接收器, 收款员,接受者 receipt recipi

43、ent接受者，接收者, reception,接受; 接待;接待处 receptionist 接待员 deceive, deception, deceptive 骗人的, 虚伪的,诈欺的,. . identity is determined by genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents), shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events. 【Sentence Paraphrase】 Who we are is determined by three things; First

44、, our genes or what our parents have given us, our legacy; second, environment, and third, luck or opportunities.,Lesson1- Your College Years,endowment n. a. a quality or ability that someone has naturally 天赋 b. money, property, etc. given to provide an income 捐赠 捐助 Examples:They are men of great en

45、dowments.The Oxford and Cambridge colleges have numerous endowments.牛津和剑桥大学有数不清的捐助财物.,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson1- Your College Years,endow v. a. to possess naturally, be born with b. to give a college, hospital etc. a large sum of money that will provide it with an income Examples: Sh

46、e is endowed with both beauty and brains. That hospital is privately endowed.,Lesson1- Your College Years,inherit,v. to receive genetic characters from ones parents,Examples: inherit money/estate/title She inherited her mothers good looks and her fathers bad temper.,n. inheritance n. heritage,Word f

47、ormation,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson1- Your College Years,inheritance n. the money, property, etc. that you receive from sb. when they die; the fact of receiving sth. when sb. dies She spent all her inheritance in a year. heritage n. the history, traditions and qualities that a country

48、or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character national/cultural heritage,chance adj.: accidental e.g. This chance meeting with the man changed her whole life. 和那个男人的偶然相遇改变了她的一生。 This medicine is said to be a chance discovery. 据说这种药是偶然发现的。,Translation of

49、 Para.2,在此期间，学生要经历一次自我认同危机，他们想弄明白自己是什么样的人，自己的优点和弱点在哪里。他们当然有不少优点和弱点。知道人们怎样看待他们自己，以及别人如何看待自己，这一点 很重要。在国际社会科学百科全书1979的一篇讨论爱利克. H. 埃里克森(心理学）理论的文章里，皮尔斯和兰多认为，性格特征的形成取决于基因（由父母遗传), 受环境的塑造，并受偶然事件影响。人们受环境的影响，反过来也影响他们的环境。人们如何看待自己在这两种影响中的作用无疑成了他们性格特征的一部分。,It may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college

50、 education. (3) 【Language Points】 (1) It: independence/dependence struggle (2) to heighten: become stronger or intensified (3) pursue: go after; continue e.g. to pursue ones career/study/education/ Derivative：pursuit n.,To be continued on the next page.,【Sentence Paraphrase】 If they choose to go to

51、college to continue their education, they will face an even more serious struggle between the desire to be independent and the need to depend on the financial support of their parents.,Translation of Para.3,学生在经历自我认同危机的过程中，逐渐独立于父母，但可能仍然很依赖他们。这一独立与 依赖的挣扎构成了青春期后期生活的一大部分。事实上，选择大学教育可能会加剧这一矛盾。有 些人中学毕业后，选

52、择立即参加工作，因此他们在经济上可能不再依赖父母。可是大学生选择了继续发展，选择了学习需要几年的工夫才能掌握的新技能，因而他们至少在一定程度上可能还得继续依靠父母。,observe 1. (fml 文) say by way of comment; remark 说， 评论: He observed that it would probably rain. It may rain, he observed. 2. see and notice (sb/sth); watch carefully 看到; 观察; 监视: I observed a flash of lightning in the

53、 dark. 我在黑暗中看到一道闪电 observe a persons behavior 3. obey (rules, laws, etc) 遵守, 奉行（规则 法令等） observe the traffic regulations 遵守交通规则 Derivative： observer, observation, observant,distinct 1. (from sth) different in kind; separate 种类不同的; 分开的: Those two ideas are quite distinct from each other. 这两种观点截然不同。 2.

54、 easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definite 清楚的; 清晰的; 明显的; 明确的: The footprints are quite distinct; they must be fresh. 足迹清晰易辨, 一定是不久前留下来的。 distinctly adv. in a distinct manner; clearly 清楚地; 明显地: distinctness n U.,To be continued on the next page.,Antonyms: similar; indistinct; unclear Cf: dist

55、inct; distinctive distinct: a thing is distinct if it is sharply distinguished from other things 指某物与其他东西有显著的区别 Horses and donkeys are animals. 马和驴子是完全不同的动物 distinctive: a property or attribute is distinctive if it enables us to distinguish one thing from another 指某个特性或特点使我们能够区分某物与他物。 a distinctive

56、appearance, style, smell 特殊的外表 风格 气味,Practice Pupils in Hong Kong usually have _ badges on their school uniforms The footprints are quite _; they must be fresh. But I _ remember you promising to phone me! Long complex sentences are _ of Henry Jamess later style.,distinctive,distinct,distinctly,disti

57、nctive,functional independence: independence in handling everyday life situations; the ability to solve practical problems 功能（角色）独立：独立处理日常生活的能力,involve 1. include or affect (sb/sth) in its operation 包括, 包含, 牵涉, 牵连: The strike involved many people. 许多人参加了罢工。 2. make (sth) necessary as a condition or

58、result; entail 需要;使得: The job involved me/my living in London. 3. sb/sth in (doing) sth ：cause sb/sth to take part in (an activity or a situation) 使某人某事物参与某活动或陷入某情况: Dont involve me in solving your problems! 你自己解决你的问题, 不要把我拉进去! involvement n,handling finances: learning how to spend money wisely,hand

59、le v. a. to touch, lift or turn with the hands 拿, 抓 b. to operate with the hands 操作 c. to manage, control or cope with 处理，应付 d. to buy and sell 买卖；经营 Examples: This box contains delicate china. Please handle with care. This computer is easy to handle.,To be continued on the next page.,We have to handle the relationship between our two countries carefully. This shop does not handle imported goods.,choo