英语话题―抑郁症Depression

1、Chen Jinfeng,Depression the Mental Illness,The Outline,What is depression?,Causes of depression,Symptoms of depression,Treatments for depression,How to Prevent Depression,Key facts,Depression is a common mental disorder. Globally, an estimated 350 million people of all ages suffer from depression. D

2、epression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease. More women are affected by depression than men. At its worst, depression can lead to suicide. There are effective treatments for depression.,What is depression?, Depression is

3、a mental health disorder, a psychiatric（精神病的）condition，characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, feelings of tiredness, and poor concentration. Specifically, it is a mood disorder characterized by persistently low mood i

4、n which there is a feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Depression is different from the fluctuations in mood that we all experience as a part of a normal and healthy life. Temporary emotional responses to the challenges of everyday life do not constitute depression.,According to the US Centers

5、for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), 8% of people over the age of 12 years has depression in any two-week period. The World Health Organization (WHO) puts depression at the top of the list - it is the most common illness worldwide and the leading cause of disability. The organization estimates

6、that 350 million people around the world are affected by depression.,Symptoms of depression,Signs are the features that may be noticed by the doctor and others.Signs of a person with depression include: 1.Appearing miserable, tearful eyes, furrowed brows, down-turned corners of the mouth. 2.Slumped

7、posture, lack of eye contact and facial expression Little body movement, and speech changes (for example, soft voice, use of monosyllabic words) 3.Gloomy, pessimistic, humorless, passive, lethargic, introverted, hypercritical of self and others, complaining.,The criteria used to make a diagnosis of

8、depression are based on the symptoms that are present, so the list of possible symptoms is similar: Depressed mood - feeling sad or low Reduced interest or pleasure in activities previously enjoyed, loss of sexual desire Unintentional weight loss (without dieting) or low appetite Insomnia (difficult

9、y sleeping) or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping) Psychomotor agitation (for example, restlessness, pacing up and down), or psychomotor retardation (slowed movements and speech) Fatigue or loss of energy Feelings of worthlessness or guilt Worsened ability to think, concentrate or make decisions Recurr

10、ent thoughts of death or suicide, or attempt at suicide.,What Are the Main Causes of Depression?, There are a number of factors that may increase the chance of depression, including the following: 1.Abuse. Past physical, or emotional abuse can increase the vulnerability to clinical depression later

11、in life. 2.Conflict. Depression in someone who has the biological vulnerability to develop depression may result from personal conflicts or disputes with family members or friends. 3.Death or a loss. Sadness or grief from the death or loss of a loved one, though natural, may increase the risk of dep

12、ression.,4.Genetic factors. First-degree relatives of depressed patients are themselves at higher risk, and occurrence of depression between identical twins is high. Genetic factors may influence individual responses to events that trigger depression 5 .Serious illnesses. Sometimes depression co-exi

13、sts with a major illness or may be triggered by another medical condition. 6.Other personal problems. Problems such as social isolation due to other mental illnesses or being cast out of a family or social group can contribute to the risk of developing clinical depression.,Treatments for depression,

14、 Depression is a treatable mental illness that can usually be managed in primary care by a general practitioner, but may be the subject of care by a specialist - a psychiatrist for, example. There are three components to the management of depression: 1.Psychotherapy（心理治疗） - also known as talking the

15、rapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) 2.Drug treatment - antidepressants. The treatment plan for depression will depend on the type one have and how severe it is. 3. Insist on improvement .Please create a good living environment, improve the way of life, pay attention to diet and exerci

16、se, and adjust the negative emotions.,How to Prevent Depression,Taking Care of Your Body 1.Exercise regularly.Believe it or not, exercise is essentially a natural antidepressant. 2.Get the right amount of sleep. In addition to helping your body function at its best, it is a mood regulator, easing yo

17、ur mind. 3.Eat a healthy diet. Eating a low-fat diet, rich in vitamins, nutrients. 4.Avoid alcohol and drugs. Alcohol is a depressant that can alter your mood without you even realizing it. 5.Monitor your overall health. Visit your doctor regularly for routine physical check-ups.,Taking Care of Your

18、 Mind,1.Focus on having a positive attitude.To avoid spiraling downward, work on thinking positively. 2.Dont blame yourself. Learn to accept what you cant change and focus on changing what you can. 3.Volunteer. Getting out of your head and into the zone of helping others helps keep you busy, your mind buzzing with positivity, and helps you feel good about yourself and the world around you. 4.Take part in activities. Manage your stress with activities like yoga, acupuncture, me