定语从句语法精讲

1、,新干线教育培训,定语从句精讲1,英语技能培训,执教人：张方方 新干线教育培训英语科组,CONTENTS,定语从句的相关概念,1,01,定语从句的相关概念,【定语从句】在复合句中用来修饰名词或代词的用作定语的从句。（常置于先行词后） Eg：The bike（whose colour is black） is mine. 【先行词】被定语从句修饰的名词或者代词。 Eg : I have a sister who works in Shanghai. 【关系词】：引导定语从句的词，连接主从句；代替先行词；在从句中担任一定成分，分为关系代词和关系副词。,定语从句的分类,2,02,定语从句的分类,限制

2、性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词关系紧密，不能删去，与先行词之间无逗号隔开； Eg: I like the room whose window faces south. 我喜欢窗户朝南的那个房间。,是先行词的一个附加修饰，对先行词只起进一步说明作用，如果删掉，主句意义仍然完整，与先行词之间有逗号隔开。 Eg: I dont like the room, which is cold. 我不喜欢这个房间，它太冷了。 I like to chat with John,who is a clever boy.,如何用关系词引导定语从句,3,03,如何用关系词引导定语从句,如

3、何选用关系代词,第一步：找出先行词，辨别先行词是指认还是指物 第二步：判断从句中所缺成分为主语，宾语，定语，确定对应关系代词,03,如何用关系词引导定语从句,关系代词如何引导定语从句,1）There is a young man. + The young man likes adventure . = There is a young man who/that likes adventure. 2）The man is in Japan. + She wants to visit the man. =The man whom/who/that She wants to visit is in

4、Japan 3）I like the pen. + You give me the pen. = I like the pen that/which you give me. 4）I know the boy. + The boys parents are dead. =I know the boy whose parents are dead. 5）Please show me the book. + The books cover is red. = Please show me the book whose cover is red. =Please show me the book t

5、he cover of which is red.,03,如何用关系词引导定语从句,关系代词选择练习,1）The woman _ is speaking at the meeting is my mother. 2）She is the girl _ I met at the party. 3）Which is the bike _ was on- the desk? 4）Have you found the bike _ you lost last week?,who/that,who/whom/that,that,that/which,03,如何用关系词引导定语从句,关系代词示例,6）Do

6、 you know the girl _ mother works here? 7）I live in the room _window faces south. I live in the room the window _ faces south 8）Please show me the book _ cover is red. Please show me the book the cover _ is red.,whose,that/which,whose,of which,of which,03,如何用关系词引导定语从句,关系代词用法的注意事项,先行词表人时，宜用who不宜用that

7、的情况 1.先行词是one，ones，anyone，those时，宜用who Eg: One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me dont please me. Anyone who fails to finish the task should be criticized. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.,03,如何用关系词引导定语从句,关系代词用法的注意事项,先行词表人时，宜用who不宜用that的情况 2.

8、先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who Eg: I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese. 3.一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个已用that，另一个宜用who Eg: The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 4.在there be开头的句子中宜用who Eg: There is an old man who wants to see you.,03,如何用关系词引导定语

9、从句,关系代词用法的注意事项,先行词指物时，宜用that不宜用which的情况 1.先行词中即有人又有物，只能用that Eg: Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 2.先行词是形容词最高级或者被最高级修饰时，宜用that Eg: This is the best that has been used against air pollution in cities. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during thes

10、e years. 3.先行词是序数词，或被序数词修饰，宜用that There is an old man who wants to see you.,03,如何用关系词引导定语从句,关系代词用法的注意事项,先行词指物时，宜用 that不宜用 which的情况 4.主句中已有疑问词who或which，宜用that Eg: Which is the bike that you lost? 5.先行词是all，much，little，something，anything，everything，nothing，none，the one等代词时，宜用that Eg: You should hand i

11、n all that you have. I mean the one that you talked about just now. 6.先行词前面有only，any，few，little，no，all，one of，the same，the very等词修饰时宜用that The only thing that we can do is to give you same money.,03,如何用关系词引导定语从句,如何用关系副词引导定语从句,第一步：找出先行词，辨别先行词是指地点，时间，还是原因 第二步：判断从句中所缺成分是否为状语，确定对应的关系副词,03,如何用关系词引导定语从句,关

12、系副词如何引导定语从句,1）This is the house + I was born in the house. =This is the house where I was born. This is the house I was born in. 2）I will never forget the day + we joined the Party on the day. = I will never forget the day when we joined the Party . 3）The reason why Im calling is to invite you to a

13、party.,which that 可省略,定语从句专项训练： 一、单选 1.Weretalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight. A.which B.whom C.who D.that 2.Thegirl_anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTomssister. A.whoissinging B.issinging C.sang D.wassinging 3.Anyone_thisopinionmayspeakout. A.thatagainsts B.thatagainst

14、 C.whoisagainst D.whoareagainst 4.Thehotel_duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside. A.westayedat B.wherewestayedat C.westayed D.inthatwestayed 5.Canyoulendmethenovel_theotherday?（难） A.thatyoutalked B.youtalkedaboutit C.whichyoutalkedwith D.youtalkedabout,03,如何用关系词引导定语从句,D,A,C,A,D,定语从句专项训练： 二、用适当的关系代词、关系

15、副词填空。 1.It was the hottest place _ I had ever been in. 2.I still remember the day _ Marry made a cake for me. 3.I borrowed the bike from Tom _ father is a teacher. 4.The beautiful card is from my friend _ lives in Australia. 5.This is the house _ I lived last year. 6. This is the factory _ I worked

16、2 years ago. 7.This is the most beautiful palace _ I have ever visited. 8.Ill never forget the day _ I joined the army.,03,如何用关系词引导定语从句,that,when,whose,who/that,where,where,that,when,定语从句专项训练： 9.will you forget the day _ we spent together？ 10.He succeeded in the competition, _ made his parents very

17、happy. 11.The school _ he once studied is very famous. 12.Who is the students _ the teacher is talking with? 13. I like the present _ you have sent to me. 14. This is the most difficult job _ we have ever done. 15. We dont know the reason _ he didnt show up. 16. Do you know the year _ the Chinese Communist Party was founded?,03,如何用关系词引导定语从句,that/wh