高级英语(新编英语教程第6册)Book-6-Unit-2-The-Fine-Art-of-Putting-Things-Offppt课件

1、.,1,Unit TwoText I The Fine Art of Putting Things Off 拖延的学问,Pre-reading Questions 1. “Procrastination is the thief of time.” 拖延就是浪费时间。 “Never put off tomorrow what may be done today.”今日事，今日毕。 Do you personally believe in these two proverbs and act accordingly? Are you a do-it-nower or a postponer/de

2、layer?,.,2,Pre-reading Questions 2. Why do you suppose the author calls “putting things off” a fine art? Do you think he is serious, or is he just being ironical?,.,3,I. Library Work 1. Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl (伯爵)of, (1694 - 1773), English statesman, orator and author. His literary

3、reputation rest upon his letters to his illegitimate son, Philip Stanhope, who was born in Holland in 1732. The letters, filled with wit and worldly wisdom, were published under the title Letters to His Son (1774),.,4,I. Library Work,2. Johnson, Samuel (1709 1784), English poet, critic, and man of l

4、etters, the literary dictator of England in the latter half of the eighteenth century and one of the most famous personalities of his time. He is best known for his Dictionary of the English Language (1755), which is in some respects an,.,5,I. Library Work,innovation in lexicography. He had the stro

5、ngest influence of any of his contemporaries on the literary thought and style of the latter part of the eighteenth century.,.,6,The Story of Moses (1.6),Hidden in a Basket When Moses was born the Hebrews were slaves in Egypt. Pharaoh was afraid of them because he thought they might take over his co

6、untry. He ordered that all Hebrew baby boys be killed at birth so that they would not grow up and fight against him. To save Moses his mother made a plan. She hid him in a basket by the side of the River Nile.,.,7,Moses is Rescued,Moses sister Miriam watched over him until Pharaohs daughter came to

7、the river to wash. She found Moses in his basket. Miriam told her she knew a woman who could be a nurse for the baby. It was his mother. Pharaohs daughter took him back to live with her as though he were her son.,.,8,God Speaks to Moses,Moses grew up as an Egyptian prince, but he never forgot he was

8、 a Hebrew. One day Moses lost his temper and killed an Egyptian who had beaten a Hebrew slave to death. He had to run away to another land. God spoke to him from a burning bush and told him he must go back and free the Hebrews from slavery.,.,9,The Ten Plagues,Moses went to Pharaoh to ask him to set

9、 the Hebrews free. Pharaoh did not want to lose his slaves. He would not let them go, because they worked on his grand buildings. Awful things began to happen in Egypt. There were ten plagues. Before each one, Moses had warned Pharaoh what would happen. Moses told him the disasters had been sent by

10、God.,.,10,The Hebrews are Freed,The last plague was the worst. The eldest son in every Egyptian family, including Pharaohs, died. God had warned Moses to mark the doorposts of all Hebrew houses so that Hebrew boys would be safe. Pharaoh was so upset by losing his son that he said the Hebrews could l

11、eave Egypt.,.,11,A Change of Mind,The Hebrews knew they must leave Egypt quickly. They needed food to take with them. There was no time to let the bread rise before it was cooked. They had to take the dough as it was. Pharaoh changed his mind again and sent his army after them to bring them back.,.,

12、12,Moses Parts the Sea,The army chased the Hebrews to the banks of the Red Sea. They would have been trapped but a miracle happened. God told Moses to lift up his rod and as he did so the waters parted to make a dry path. They were able to make their escape.,.,13,The Hebrews are Saved,When all the H

13、ebrews were safely at the other shore, Moses lifted up his rod again and the waters of the sea closed on Pharaohs army who had been chasing them. God had saved the Hebrews.,The path disappeared,.,14,God Leads the Way,Even though the Hebrews were free, they were still in the desert. They wanted to fi

14、nd a land called Canaan which God had promised them. The journey was long and they soon ran out of food. They were very hungry and blamed Moses for taking them out of Egypt. Moses told them that God would give them food.,Hungry in the Desert,.,15,Food and Water,God told Moses, I will give the people

15、 food. The next day the ground was covered with a white food which tasted like honey. Moses called this food manna. God also sent flocks of birds called quails that they cooked and ate. When their water ran out, God told Moses to strike a rock with his rod. As he did so water rushed out and they all

16、 had enough to drink.,Water in the Desert,.,16,Mount Sinai,After three months of travelling the Hebrews came to the foot of Mount Sinai. God called Moses to meet him on the mountain. As he climbed there was thunder and lightning. When he was up the mountain God gave Moses ten laws which told the peo

17、ple how to live.,Thunder and Lightning,.,17,The Ten Commandments,These Ten Commandments were written on two tablets of stone. Moses stayed so long on the mountain that the people waiting at the foot of the mountain grew angry. They decided to make another God for themselves. It was a golden calf.,Th

18、e Ten Commandments,.,18,The Ten Commandments,When Moses returned he was shocked to see the people dancing and worshipping the golden calf. He broke the tablets God had given him and destroyed the golden calf. God forgave his people for worshipping the statue and told Moses to cut two more tablets of

19、 stone.,The Golden Calf,.,19,Gods Laws,Moses took the stone tablets up the mountain and God gave him the Ten Commandments again. When he came down all the people listened to Moses as he told them what God had said. Moses promised God that the Hebrews would keep all of the Commandments.,.,20,II. Orga

20、nization of the Text,1. Procrastination deep-rooted in and influential over various aspects of life (Paragraphs 1 2) A. Early examples (1) B. Modern examples (2) 2. Contradictory qualities of procrastination (Paragraphs 3 8),.,21,II. Organization of the Text,A. Inspiring and reviving to writers (3)

21、B. Prevalence of procrastination in the military, diplomacy and the law (4) C. Chronic procrastination and purposeful postponement (5 - 6) D. Procrastination in academe (7),.,22,II. Organization of the Text,E. Psychologists different explanations of the causes to procrastination (8) 3. Conclusion (P

22、aragraph 9),.,23,III. Key Points of the Text,exhort: (1.1) = entreat; advise：(fml.) to urge or advise strongly规劝; 告戒. If you exhort someone to do something, you try hard to persuade them to do it. e.g. The general exhorted his men to fight well. We are exhorted not to waste our time on the chatroom

23、online. I exhort my friend not to drink too much. The teacher exhorted her students to do their own research work.,Paragraph 1,.,24,Elegant:(1.2) having the qualities of grace, beauty, and fashion 文雅的，雅致的；讲究的，精美的 e.g.: elegant manners 优雅的风度 an elegant dress 漂亮雅致的女服 a set of books with elegant bindin

24、gs 一套装帧精美的书籍,Paragraph 1,.,25,The title of nobility:(1.2) duke公爵, duchess公爵夫人 marquis侯爵, marchioness侯爵夫人 earl伯爵, countess伯爵夫人 viscount子爵 viscountess子爵夫人 baron男爵, baroness男爵夫人,Paragraph 1,.,26,Paragraph 1,get / come around / round to:(1.2) find time for, especially after delay 抽出时间来做（或考虑） e.g.: The c

25、ommittee will get round to your suggestion after theyve dealt with urgent business After a long delay he got round to writing the letter.,.,27,Paragraph 1,worthy: (sometimes humorous) a person of importance 知名人士；杰出人物 e.g.: local worthies 地方名流 He had been a college worthy. 他曾是学院里大名鼎鼎的人。,.,28,Paragrap

26、h 1,cool / kick ones heels: (colloquial) be forced to wait; be kept waiting e.g.: I had to kick my heels for nearly two hours before I could see my boss. anteroom: (also antechamber) a room in which people wait, as before seeing a doctor (连接正厅的) 前厅，候见室,.,29,Paragraph 1,attest to: testify to; serve a

27、s an evidence to affirm / to be proof of 证明，表明 e.g.: His success attests to his ability. 他的成功表明他有能力。,.,30,Paragraph 1,ever: (old use or in combination) always 总是，不断地；永远，始终 e.g.: War and suffering have ever gone hand in hand. 战争和苦难总是结伴而行的 He is ever making the same mistake. 他老是犯同样的错误。 ever-rising cos

28、ts and prices 不断上涨的费用和物价,.,31,Paragraph 1,dub: give (someone) an unofficial name or nickname 给起绰号；把称为；授予称号 e.g.: He was dubbed Shorty because of his size. 他因身材短小被人取了个矮子的绰号。 The region is dubbed the paradise on earth. 这地方被称为人间天堂。 cunctation: delay,.,32,plead(1.6): to appeal earnestly; 恳求 to offer as

29、defense or excuse;为.辩护,借口 (formal) give as an excuse for an action 提出为理由；提出为借口 (See Note 6, P19 for more) e.g. plead for more time 恳求更多的时间 plead illness 以生病作为理由 The thief pleaded poverty. 那贼说是因为贫穷才偷窃的。 The Government pleaded ignorance. 政府借口不知情。 I pleaded fatigue, and excused myself. 我推说疲乏就告退了。,Parag

30、raph 1,.,33,Paragraph 1,defect(1.7): n. deficiency e.g. birth defect出生缺陷 a visual defect 视觉缺陷 speech defect语言缺陷 v. a Chinese citizen who defected to Japan一个叛逃到日本的中国公民 defected from the party over the issue of free trade 在自由贸易的问题上背叛了自己的政党,.,34,Paragraph 1,rationalize: (1.7) to make rational; attempt

31、to explain or justify ones action with plausible reasons, even if they are not true or appropriate 理性化;阐释：从理性角度出发进行解释;自圆其说 e.g. Dont rationalize your incompetence by finding fault with the method. edict（1.7）: an order or command; decree 布告，法令，命令,.,35,Paragraph 1,Moses pleaded a speech defect to rati

32、onalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovahs edict to Pharaoh.(1.6-7) Paraphrase: Moses justified his unwillingness to pass Jehovahs order to Pharaoh, saying that he was “slow of speech”./Moses explained his unwillingness to pass Jehovahs order to Pharaoh as because of his speech deficiency.,.,36,proc

33、rastination（1.8）: (formal) a repeated delay (without good reason) in doing some necessary act 延迟，拖延，耽搁,Paragraph 1,.,37,Paragraph 2,do-it-nowers:（1.9） those who act promptly mortgage (1.10)at an ungodly 6:30 p.m.: at an unusually early hour. The author thinks 6:30 p.m. is rather too early for a plan

34、ned formal dinner.抵押 Cf. installment: one of a number of successive payments in settlement of a debt分期付款,.,38,Paragraph 2,at an ungodly 6:30 p.m.:(1.10) at an unusually early hour. The author thinks 6:30 p.m. is rather too early for a planned formal dinner. ungodly:(1.10) impious不敬神的，不虔诚的; here, unp

35、leasant, unreasonable, outrageous:可恼的，令人不能容忍的： e.g. He had to leave for work at an ungodly hour在令人不能容忍时间不得不外出工作。 He called at an ungodly hour. 他来得很不是时候。 eat an ungodly amount 食量大得叫人难以相信,.,39,leftovers(1.11)Leftovers are the food that remains uneaten after a meal.剩菜 e.g. The leftovers were thrown to

36、the village dogs. Dont worry. Ill warm up the leftovers and they are enough for me. file for(1.12): to formally apply for 申请 e.g. file for divorce/bankruptcy 申请离婚/破产,Paragraph 2,.,40,Paragraph 2,apocalyptic: (often derogatory) foreboding imminent disaster or final doom 预示世界末日恐怖景象的 e.g.: an apocalypt

37、ic imagination 充满世界末日恐怖景象的想象力 take an apocalyptic view of the future 对未来抱极端悲观的看法 apocalypse: the showing of hidden things, especially the telling of what will happen when the world ends 天启，启示；启示录；大灾变,.,41,Faustian encounters（1.14）： refer to Fausts encounters with the devil Mephistopheles （墨菲斯托菲里斯：浮士

38、德传说中的魔鬼，浮士德将自己的灵魂出卖给了这个魔鬼）. Naturally they are undesirable. Similarly, most people are unwilling to visit barbers, doctors, and dentists, so the author says like “Faustian encounters”.,Paragraph 2,.,42,Paragraph 3,all the trouble procrastination may incur: (1.15) all the trouble that a persons delay

39、 in action may bring upon him Paraphrase: Delay leads to problems. However, in many cases, it can often stimulate creativity.,.,43,Paragraph 3,incur:(1.15) become subject to (something unpleasant) as a result of ones own action 招致, 引起, 带来; 遭受, 受到 e.g.: The company incurred a heavy loss due to misman

40、agement incur somebodys displeasure (envy) 招致某人的不悦 (妒忌) incur a protest 惹起抗议 incur great expense 招致巨额花费 geodetic survey:(1.19) land area survey 大地测量,.,44,Paragraph 3,ledge: a flat shelf of rock, especially one that stretches a long way below the sea (近海岸的) 暗礁 porcupine: a type of quite small short-l

41、egged animal that has very long stiff prickles (quills刺) all over its back and sides. It is larger than a hedgehog (美洲箭猪) 豪猪,.,45,Paragraph 4,the art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military , diplomacy and the law: the practice of putting things off had almost been exclusively

42、done by the military, etc. The implied meaning is that the military, diplomacy, and the law are almost the worst delayers.,.,46,Paragraph 4,proconsul:(1.24) (in ancient Rome) a governor of a part of the Roman Empire; (formal or pompous) an administrator in a colony usually with wide powers 总督 rumina

43、te:(1.24) (formal) go over in the mind repeatedly and often slowly 反刍；沉思；反复思考 e.g.: He ruminated over / on the situation before he made the final decision. She ruminated for a long time before she expressed her opinion.,.,47,Paragraph 4,sling:（1.25） 斯林酒 (一种由烈酒、水、糖、柠檬汁等混合而成的饮料) blessedly:（1.25） happi

44、ly nattering (natter v.):（1.25） (BrE informal) chattering; hence, noisy e.g.: They nattered away for an hour about nothing. 他们空谈了一个小时。,.,48,Paragraph 4,loot (=plunder) (1.27) to pillage; spoil.打劫；掠夺 If people loot shops, churches, houses, etc., they steal or take things from them by force, usually d

45、uring a violent event such as a battle or a riot. e.g. Following the explosions in the town center, groups of robbers looted the shops. the worlds most addicted postponers: the worlds worst postponers who just could not free themselves from postponing,.,49,Paragraph 4,addicted: dependent on somethin

46、g (usually a drug) and unable to stop having it; enthusiastically devoted to a particular thing or activity e.g.: He is addicted to cocaine / heroin. be addicted to computer games,.,50,lawyer, attorney, barrister, counsel, solicitor(1.28,30) These words all designate persons who had legal training,

47、and are qualified to practice law.这些名词都指运用法律的人。,Paragraph 4,.,51,Paragraph 4,Lawyer is the general and most comprehensive term for one authorized to give legal advice to clients and to plead cases in a court of law: Lawyer 是最普通和广泛的术语，用来指授权给委托人提供法律咨询并在法庭上为其辩护的人： called her lawyer after the automobile

48、 accident. 车祸发生后打电话给她的律师。,.,52,Attorney is often used interchangeably with lawyer, but in a narrower sense it denotes a legal agent for a client in the transaction of business: Attorney 通常可与lawyer 互换， 但从更狭的意义上说，它指在商业事务中代表委托人的法律代理： Corporate attorneys negotiated the new contract. 公司律师就新合同进行谈判。,Paragr

49、aph 4,.,53,Counselor and counsel are terms for persons who give legal advice and serve as trial lawyers; Counselor 和counsel 两词指的是提供法律咨询并担任出庭律师的人。 counsel also applies to a team of lawyers employed in conducting a case: counsel 还指被雇佣参与案件审理的一群律师： Ms. Barnes is counselor for the defense. 巴恩斯女士是被告的辩护律师。

50、 A table has been reserved for the defense counsel during the trial. 在审判中有一张桌子是为被告的辩护律师准备的。,Paragraph 4,.,54,Barrister refers principally to a British trial lawyer: Barrister 主要用来指英国的出庭律师： The defense is represented by a barrister from Leeds. 被告由一位来自利兹的律师代理。,Paragraph 4,.,55,In England a solicitor i

51、s a lawyer whose practice is devoted largely to serving as a legal agent, representing clients in lower courts,and preparing cases for barristers to try in superior courts;in the United States the term denotes the chief law officer of a city, town, or governmental department: 在英格兰，Solicitor 是指其业务主要为

52、充当法律代理的律师， 在低级法院中代表委托人，在高级法院审理中作为出庭律师准备案卷。在美国，这个词指代城市、城镇或政府部门中的总法务官：,Paragraph 4,.,56,Paragraph 4,The number of attorneys who die without a will is amazing: It is a usual practice for people to make a will, an official statement of the way they wish their property to be shared out after their death

53、before they die. And it is generally the attorneys (AmE) or lawyers who administer the wills. But attorneys themselves postpone making their own wills.,.,57,Paragraph 5,echelon: (often plural with singular meaning) (in a group of people or organization) rank, level 阶层 E.g.: the top echelon of the Ci

54、vil Service 文职官员中的最高层 the leading echelons of a government 政府的领导阶层,.,58,“ Where there is no will, there is a way.”(1. 31) The author is playing on the word “will”. The repetition of the word serves as a cohesive tie between the two paragraphs. But mind that the word is used in different senses in th

55、e two instances. In the preceding paragraph,“ will” means a statement in writing saying how someone wishes his property to be distributed after his death. In the distorted version of the old saying, the word “will” is used in the sense of “volition” (n.意志).Thus it means “Even when there is no will t

56、o procrastinate, there is a way to do so.” He goes on to illustrate his point by giving examples.,Paragraph 5,.,59,chronic(= habitual) (1.32) of long duration; continuing长期的；持续的;lasting for a long period of time or marked by frequent recurrence, as certain diseases:慢性的：延续很长时间或经常发生的，如某些疾病; Subject to

57、 a habit or pattern of behavior for a long time惯常的：长期的行为习惯或方式： You describe someones bad habits or behavior as chronic when they behave like that for a long time and do not seem to be able to stop themselves. e.g. Everyone knew that he was a chronic over-sleeper.大家都知道他总是睡过头。 other examples: chronic

58、money problems (长期的) 长期的金钱困扰 chronic disease (慢性的) a chronic liar 一贯说谎的人,Paragraph 5,.,60,Paragraph 5,echelon(1.33): (often plural with singular meaning) (in a group of people or organization) rank, level 阶层 e.g.: the top echelon of the Civil Service 文职官员中的最高层 the leading echelons of a government 政府

59、的领导阶层 the higher (lower) echelons 较高（低）职位的全体人员 corporate dynamics: the pattern of growth, change or development of a corporation 企业的动态,.,61,Paragraph 5,the caution that breeds delay:(1.33) the great care that causes delay breed: cause (a usually unpleasant condition or feeling) to develop e.g. Rats breed rapidly. （to produce） My friend Jane breeds water lilies (荷花；睡莲). (to cultivate) Some people believe that violence breeds violence.（cause to develop） Fa