Grammar learning1.ppt

1、Grammar Learning第一讲 虚拟语气,Subjunctive Mood,I.语气及语气的种类：,语气(mood)表示说话者的意图或态度。在英语中，可用不同的动词形式表示说话的语气。 1、陈述语气所说的话是事实。 e.g. Flowers blossom in the spring. 2、祈使语气表示号召、命令、请求、劝告等。 e.g. Let us help you. 3、虚拟语气所说的话只是一种主观上的愿望、假想和建议等。 e.g. We only wish we could help you.,虚拟语气的基本形式,1）动词原形，用于一切人称和数。 e.g.Only that i

2、t rains today,I would go. 要不是今天下雨，我就去了。 2）动词的过去式，用于一切人称和数，be的过去式用were。 e.g. If I were in your shoes,Id accept it. 假若我处在你的位置上，我会接受它。 3）had+过去分词，用于一切人称和数。 e.g. If we had left earlier,we wouldnt have missed the train. 如果我们早点动身的话，我们是不会错过火车的。,4）时态助动词should+动词原形，用于一切人称和数。 e.g. They suggested that we shoul

3、d meet at the station. 他们建议我们在车站会面。 5)时态助动词should+have+过去分词，用于一切人称和数。 e.g. It is strange that she should have done it. 6)时态助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称）+动词原形。 e.g. He said he would go if I went.,7)时态助动词should(第一人称）或would(第二、三人称）+have+过去分词。 e.g.She would have left if I had not let he do it in her way

4、. 我如果不让她自行其是，她就会走掉。 III虚拟语气的运用 1、在if条件从句中的运用 1）if真实条件句 e.g. If it rains tomorrow, our trip will be put off. 2) if 虚拟条件句,If we left now, we should arrive in time.（与现在事实相反） 如果我们现在就走的话，我们会及时到达。 The soup would have been better if it had had less salt.(与过去事实相反） 这汤如果少点盐的话，就更好了。 If I made a mistake,I shoul

5、d try to remedy it.(与将来事实可能相反） 假如我犯了错误，就会设法补救。 3)错综条件句 错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致。 e.g. If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么做了。,4）省略if的倒装句,如果从句中有were，should，had等词，可省略if，并把were，should，had 放句首进行倒装。 e.g. If they were here, they would help us. Were they

6、here, they would help us. If you had come earlier, nothing would have happened. Had you come earlier, nothing would have happened.,5)含蓄条件句,假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表示出来。如with，without，but for，but， otherwise等。 e.g. What would I have done without you? 如果没有你，我会怎么办呢？ But for your help we couldnt

7、have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。 Im really very busy,otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真是非常忙，否则我一定会和你一起去那里的。,6）虚拟语气用于主语从句,这种主语从句由连词that所引导，常用于 It is (was) important (necessary,desirable,imperative,advisable) that句型中。 虚拟语气用should+动词原形（should+have+过去分词），should在这里只是

8、时态助动词，没有实义。 e.g. It is important that we should speak politely. 我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。 It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist. 没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。,7）虚拟语气用于宾语从句, 用作动词wish宾语的、常省略that的从句，表示愿望。宾语从句中可用过去式，表示与现在事实相反，也可用过去完成式，表示与过去事实相反。 e.g. I wish I got more letters. 我希望我收到更多的信。 We wish you had come to o

9、ur New Years party. 我们真希望你当时来参加我们的新年晚会。 也可以用would rather, would sooner 等表示愿望，但其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。 e.g. I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。, 用作动词demand， suggest, propose, order, arrange, insist, command, require, request, desire 等的宾语，从句中用should+动词原形，should 可以省略。 e.g. He suggested that we should leav

10、e early.他建议我们早点动身。 用作某些形容词或相当于形容词的过去分词的宾语that 从句中，如glad, ashamed, sorry, 从句中用should+动词原形或should+have+过去分词。 e.g. I was glad that he should go. 他走，我很高兴。 I am ashamed that you should have done such a thing. 我真感到羞耻，你竟然做出这种事情。,8)虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句,虚拟语气用于表语从句中，从句由that引导，谓语是should+动词原形，句子主语通常是suggestion, pro

11、posal, idea, motion等名词。 e.g. Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible. 我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。 虚拟语气用于同位语从句中. e.g. There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 9）虚拟语气用于定语从句 It is time/ about time/ high time (that)句型，定语从句常用虚拟过去式 e.g. It is time

12、 we left. 我们该走了。,1. 虚拟语气中的条件句省略if 时，主语与were,should,had 的位置要相互改换 _ she a man, she might be selected president. If were B. Were C. Be D. Is _out of season, I would have ordered some from the fruit stand. If oranges would have been B. If oranges have not been C. Had oranges not been C. Should oranges n

13、ot have been,难点小结,2.wish 后接虚拟语气形式的宾语从句。,S.+wish (that)+S.+过去式（表现在） S.+had +过去分词（表过去） S.+could/would/might+V.(表将来） = If only + S.+过去式（表现在） S.+had +过去分词（表过去） S.+could/would/might+V.(表将来） I wish I had known her before she was married. = If only I had known her before she was married. I hope that you_ all right. A. will be B. should be C. were D. would be,3. 在下列句型中SHOULD可以省略,We order/demand/insist/command/advise/suggest/decide/request+ that It is n