阅读中的猜测词义.ppt

1、Guessing meanings,猜测词义,猜词的重要性,大纲要求： 根据上下文判断某些词汇和短语的意义。 高考阅读测试方式： 阅读理解中有3%的生词（不包括根据构词法可以推断词义的词)； 阅读理解题中设有猜测词义题。,Can you guess the meaning of the underlined words?,The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel. (门楣) Jane was talking with others while Jack remained reticent all the time. （沉默不语的）

2、,定义或释义关系常由定语（从句）或同位语（从句）或由means, is, or，that is (to say), in other words，be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示,1. Definition 定义法：,1. It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily.,(adj. 易碎的, 脆的),2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.,(n.

3、 牧羊人),3. A hibernating animal doesnt wake in winterThat is，it sleeps in winter,(冬眠的 ),2. Contrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。 表示对比的词有but、while、however、or、 otherwise等。,Most of us agreed. However, Bill dissented.,She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived ten minutes after the

4、 first class began.,A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly,A,(v. 不同意),Our math professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones. However, we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve.,hard B. good C. complicated D. easy,C,3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。,Cleaning up waterw

5、ays is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to clean some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.,(adj. 巨大的;极大的),Mother was tall and fat. The principal of the school was an older woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.,(adj.胖的，丰满的)

6、,4. Cause & Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 because, so that, so/suchthat等,One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.,That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the things in one day.,(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的),(adj. 大的),1. Definition 定义法,3. Similarity 相似法,2. Contrast 对比法,4. C

7、ause and effect 因果法,猜测词义,Inquiry-based Activities (I) 探究活动 (1),Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words? - 1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰 2. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is silent . A. 活泼

8、的 B. 好动的 C. 多话的 D. 可爱的,C,C,Definition,Contrast,3. The old friend asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest 4. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱,A

9、,C,Similarity,Contrast,5. The tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. The Chinese meaning is: 6.Her voice was usually soft and sweet, but now it is hoarse for she has been talking much. The Chinese meaning is:,替代,沙哑的,Similarity,Cause and Effect,5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测

10、词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等 。,Select any of these periodicals: Time, Newsweek, Readers Digest or The New Yorker.,(n.杂志、期刊),As they moved westward, they faced many adversities, such as scarce food, extreme weather, and loneliness.,n.困苦，逆境,6. Word Formation 构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和

11、词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。,中学英语中常见的前缀有： super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） anti-（反，对抗） non-（不，非） inter- （相互） dis- （不） auto- (自动的 ),superman microwave (超人) nonnatural mispronouc

12、e (非自然的) interchange nonsmoker (交换) anti- Japanese auto-criticism (抗日),Can you guess the right meanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音),(自我批评),中学英语中常见的后缀有：,-ment表名词 achievement argument -en 在形容词或名词后构成动词 sharpen strengthen widen -ness表示抽象名词 carelessness darkness kindness -ful是形容词的后缀，表示“充满” careful mindful helpful

13、-less 加在名词、动词后面，表 “没有、否定” homeless jobless careless,1) He seemed quite nervous and he had talked for about a minute before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that Tom had had a very bad accident. A. see clearly B. understand C. expect,B,7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。,2) He is

14、 a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 3)The old man put on his spectacles and began to read. The Chinese meaning is:,B,眼镜,8. Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。,根据上下文的语言环境，运用生活常识和逻辑推理能力猜测生词的词义也是一种行之有效的方法,When a doctor

15、 performs an operation on a patient， he usually gives an anesthetic to make him senseless，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.,n. 麻醉剂(药),In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with them a

16、 large quantity of dowry. The Chinese meaning is:,嫁妆,5. Example 例举法,8. Common Sense 普通常识,6. Word Formation 构词法,猜测词义,7. Context 上下文,Inquiry-based Activities (II) 探究活动 (2),Try to guess the Chinese meaning,1. People are so worried about the ageing process that they spend money and time onanti-ageing. N

17、one of us, however, can hold youth forever.,抗衰老,(Word Formation),2. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health, just as drinking is harmful. 3.Since I couldnt afford to buy the original Painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.,有害的,（

18、复制品，赝品）,（Example）,（Context）,4. 14,000 sanitation workers carry off, yearly, three million tons of rubbish and keep 7,500 miles of streets clean and free of snow.,环卫工人,(Common Sense),Reading Practice 实战练习,Passage 1 “I am going to rescind the permission I gave you to use my toys!” Jackson announced an

19、grily. “I thought you would take good care of them, but I was wrong!” A. repeat B. celebrate C. continue D. cancel,D,Passage 2 “Michelle, Im very upset about what you said,” Rosie stated firmly. “You didnt come right out and accused me of eating all your candy. On the other hand, your remarks about

20、my love of chocolate were made for a reason. You are insinuating that Im the candy thief!” What does “insinuate” mean? A. to keep something hot or cold B. to suggest without clearly sayingC. to do something evilD. to protect from disease,B,Passage 3 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family