高中定语从句用法归纳

1、定语的概念：（用来修饰名词的词） 例： A beautiful girl an ugly dog The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was drunk.,定语从句 （用一个句子来修饰名词） 例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was drunk.,定语从句的相关术语： 被定语从句修饰的那个名词叫做先行词；引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。 关系词的作用是代替先行词并在定语从句中充当一定的成分。 The

2、girl who is sitting near the tree is Kate. The door which I knocked on was repaired.,The building is our school. The building stands by the river.,关系词与先行词的关系非常密切，关系词的使用取决于先行词，因为关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当一定的成分，所以它在一般情况下都紧紧跟在先行词之后。,The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行词 关系词 定语从句,which/th

3、at 是关系词，它在从句中代替先行词the building, 同时担任从句中的主语。,指出下列句子中的先行词，关系词，主句和从句 以及关系词在从句中充当的成分并翻译下列句子。 1. I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai. 2. The woman whom we saw on the street got the job. 3. The place which he often visits is always full of artists. 4. Youre the only person whose advice he might lis

4、ten to. 5. I still remember the days when we work together. 6. I cant find the place where we met for the first time. 7. Is that the reason why you dont like him?,定语从句常用关系词,关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等（代替先行词在句中作主、宾、定等成分） 关系副词：where，when, why（在句中作状语）,关系代词的 判 断 步 骤 : 首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系代词

5、 可用 who, whom, that。如果先行词指物,关系代词 可用which, that; 不管先行词指人还是指物，在定语 从句中是所有格的关系就用whose,然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,关系代词,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,2.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如 介词提前则不能省),The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.,The

6、 man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.,关系代词,3.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。,Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.,I saw a woman. Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.,4.which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾 语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),These are the trees which were p

7、lanted last year.,The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan.,Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?,Is this the library from which you borrow books?,关系副词的 判 断 步 骤 : 还是要先看先行词。 如果先行词在从句中充当 时间状语用 when或介词+which ; 充当地点状语 用where或介词+which; 充当原因状语用why或 介词+which 。 I still remember t

8、he days when we work together. I cant find the place where we met for the first time. Is that the reason why you dont like him?,如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词,I still remember the days when we work together. I still remember the days which we spent together. I cant find the place where we met for the first time. I

9、 cant find the place which you went to last Sunday. Is that the reason why you dont like him? Is that the reason which you told to your mum?,Join the two sentences into one, using attributive clause.,1. I know the person. His company produces new machines.,2. She is the engineer. Her work is conside

10、red to be the best here.,3. The girl is standing there. The girl is my elder sister.,4. The house is near the tree. The house caught fire last night.,I know the person whose company produces new machines.,She is the engineer whose work is considered to be the best here.,The girl is my elder sister.,

11、who is standing there,The house caught fire last night.,which is near the tree,5. The woman works in a factory. You spoke to her just now.,6. This is the house. I was born in the house.,7. I will never forget the day. We played in the park on that day.,8. This is the reason. He didnt come to school

12、for this reason.,The woman works in a factory.,whom/who you spoke to just now,This is the house,where/in which I was born.,I will never forget the day,when/on which we played in the park.,This is the reason,for which/ why he didnt come to school.,1. The picture _ you are looking at was drawn by a fr

13、iend of mine. 2. What is the word _ he wanted to look up? 3. The writer _ works I admire most is Lu Xun. 4. This Mr. Jackson, _ eldest son is a famous doctor. 5. Professor Liu, _ I met a moment ago, is over70. 6. The girl on the left, _ hair is red, is called Martha. 7. Yesterday we went to visit th

14、e house the great writer used to live. 8. He was born in the year the Second World War broke out.,Fill in the blanks with suitable words:,that/which,which/that,whose,whose,whom,whose,where/in which,in which/when,1. Is this the factory _ makes color TV sets? 2. Is this the factory _ color TV sets are

15、 made? 3. Do you know the museum _ many famous paintings are on show? 4. This is the museum _ opens from Monday to Friday. 5. Ill never forget that moment _ the film star took a photo of me. 6. I cant forget the days _ we spent together in the small village many years ago. 7. He always wants to go t

16、o his hometown and visit the place _ he grew up. 8. Kunming is a city _ flowers are seen all the year round. 9. The airport _ is 30 kilometers away is the only one in the city.,which/that,where/in which,where/in which,which/that,when/at which,which/that,where/at which,Where/in which,which/that,以下情况，

17、引导词只能用that，不用which。,1. 当先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。 e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. 2. 当先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时， 只能用that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read. He is the first man that greeted me in the school.,3. 先行词被the only，the very，the

18、 last 修饰时，只能用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. You are the very person that I am looking for. 4.先行词同时指人和指物时，只能用that。 e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then. 5. 当先行词前有all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等词修饰时，只能用that。,定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。,限制性定语从

19、句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。 非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。,e.g. She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much. Ive got some personal affairs that I have to deal with.,限制性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或事物，该种从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就没有了意义，不能说清楚问题。 eg: He is the man who wants to see you. 该从句为限制性定语从句，把定语从句

20、去掉只剩下He is the man,没有任何意义。后面的定语从句是修饰和限定前面的先行词的，使其具有一定的意义，故不能去掉。,非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词做进一步说明和修释，使意思更加清晰明白，去掉之后主句仍然成立，仍然有意义。 而且非限制性定语从句与主句之间有个明显标志：即用逗号将其隔开。 eg: Mr. Smith, who was my first English teacher, retired last week. 该句中的非限制性定语从句去掉之后不影响主句的意义成立，但有了它，可使主句的意义更加清晰明白。 注意：非限制性定语从句的引导词不能用that ( 切记！),以

21、下情况，关系词只能用which,不用that。 引导非限制性定语从句时； 引导词前有介词时； 一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一 个用that引导，另一个用which引导； He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time. 注意：当those作为先行词指人时，通常 只能用who引导；,由as 引导定语从句,由as 引导的定语从句，翻译成“正如”。其先行词是the same, such, 或被the same, such所修饰的先行词。 Many of the

22、sports are the same as they were when they started. The result was not such as he expected.,试比较：,This is the same umbrella as I lost yesterday. This is the same umbrella that I lost yesterday.,（同类）,（同一个）,as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句 中、句尾，而which在引导非限制性定语从句 时不能放在句首,只能放在句中和句尾。 1. As is known to all, Taiwan bel

23、ong s to China. 2. Taiwan belongs to China, which is known to all. 3. The earth, as is known to all, is round. as引导的非限制性定语从句时常用来指代主句 的全部内容，而which指代主句的全部内容或 部分内容。 1. I gave him a New Year Card, which he enjoyed very much. 2. She was married again, which was not expected.,as 和 which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别,介词+关

24、系代词的用法 要遵循以下原则,1. 谓语动词的固定搭配 e.g. This is the evidence with which the case is connected.,2. 先行词 e.g. Ill never forget the day on whichwhen I joined the party.,3. 句子表达的意思 e.g. The boss in whose department Mr. King worked got sacked.,4. 在非限制性定语从句中，名词/代词+of+which/whom表示整体与部分的关系。 e.g. The workers, some o

25、f whom stayed for four years, came from different countries. The old book, the cover of which was red, belongs to my uncle.,He is the person whom I have to take care of. I love the music which Im listening to.,1.固定搭配的情况下不能把介词提前，否则词组失去意义。,在定语从句中，在什么情况下介词不可以提前到关系代词前 ？,I know the man with whom your fat

26、her is talking. I know the man that your father is talking with.,2.关系代词That前面不能有介词。(但是which/who/whom可以在前面加介词),Exercises 1. This is the job _they laughed at. A. which B. as C. it D. who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A.where was B. that were C. which was D. where 3. Who

27、 was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting? A. we saw him B. we saw C. we saw who D. whom was seen 4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle. A.heB.whom C.whose D.who 5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.which,A,C,B/D,D,B,6. This book is for the stude

28、nts _native language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos 7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.that C.who D.whose 8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B. for which C.on which D. about which 9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A.