高中英语语法专题系列：名词性从句

1、Noun Clauses,定义：名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句，可以表示：事实和问题。,名词性 从句分类,Subject Clause (主语从句),Object Clause （宾语从句）,Predicative Clause （表语从句）,Appositive Clause （同位语从句）,主语从句：用作主语的从句叫主语从句。,从属连词：that， whether 1）that引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that本身无实际意义，但不能省略。 That we shall be late is certain. That the driver could n

2、ot control his car was obvious.,一,在一般情况下，往往使用先行it结构，即用it作形式主语，而把that从句放到后面。 It is certain that we shall be late. =That we shall be late is certain. It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. =That the driver could not control his car was obvious.,【注意】,It possible/important/necessary/c

3、lear that 很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 It said/ reported that据说/据报道 Its been announced/declared that已经通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happens. that显然、明显、 碰巧 Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑,It作形式主语的常见句型：,2) whether意为“是否”，但不能用if. Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。 Whether they would support us was a p

4、roblem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。,2. 用what、which、who、where、whatever、whichever、whoever、wherever等代词引导的主语从句。此类主语从句语序为陈述语序，既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。 Which side will win is not clear. Who killed the scientist remains a question. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. Whatever he did is right.,what 引导的主语从句，可根据

5、表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。 what he needs is that book. what he needs are some books.,【注意】,宾语从句：在句中充当宾语成分。,1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，不作任何成分，可以省略。 She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday. 表达陈述观点或意见的动词： say, think, believe, feel, suggest, advise, know, wish, hope, report, sta

6、te, declare, see, find，notice，agree, admit, expect, explain等。,二,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。 Im sorry (that) I dont know . Were sure (that) our team will win .,【注意】,当it 作形式宾语，后接that 引导的宾语从句时，此时that不可以省略。 We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with

7、 various difficult problems. 我们已经表明，我们将学会处理各种难题 We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal. 我们想当然地以为他们会接受这个建议的。,【注意】,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导，译成“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。 Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag . She asked me if /whether she could borrow these

8、books .,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why，how）引导，在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。 Do you know what he said just now ? I dont remember when we arrived . I asked him where I could get so much money .,how的词组所引导得宾语从句,Could you tell us how much（多少钱） it costs to

9、 fly to Hainan ? Could you tell us how often（每隔多久，频率） you go abroad for a holiday ? Could you tell us how long（持续多久） the meeting will last ? I dont know how far（距离多远）it is to the cinema . Please tell us how many（有多少，可数名词复数） students there are in your school ? Can you tell us how old（多大，年龄）his brothe

10、r is ? Please tell us how soon（过多久，时间）you will be ready .,4. 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 误：His brother asks when will he go to the library . 正：His brother asks when he will go to the library . 误：Can you tell me who are we going to meet ? 正：Can you tell me who we are going to meet ?,表语从句：在一个复合句中其表语部

11、分是一个句子。,表语从句的构成： 主语 + 系动词 + 引导词 + 简单句 This is why he did it. What I want to say is that I am tired. 连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引 导表语从句) 连接代词：who / whoever / which / whatever 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because,三,1. that用法 1) that 在表语从句中不担任句子成分，无实际意义，不能省略。 The trouble is that he mi

12、sunderstood me. 麻烦的是他误解了我 2)在表“建议，劝说，命令”的名词idea, suggestion, request, proposal 等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。 My suggesstion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.,2. whether在表语从句中表“是否”,但不充当句子的成分，不可省略。If不能引导表语从句。 What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the

13、serious disease soon. The question is whether it is worth doing.,3. as if, as though 引导的表语从句：常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，翻译“好像”。 It sounds as if/as though somebody was knocking at the door. 【注意】 as if/as though引导的表语从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气，如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气(主句一般现在时从句就用过去式，be的话变成were。主句是过去式，从句用过去完成时)。

14、 It looks as if he were her own father.(与事实不符) Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.,【练习】 The reason why we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied 【注意】reason 做主语时，表语从句只能用that引导, 不能用why或because 引导。 句型结构为： The reason (why/for)is /was that. The reason is that 他早上来晚的原因是他晚了一分钟而没赶

15、上火车。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning,同位语从句：在句中充当同位语成分。,that引导的同位语从句一般跟在fact, feeling, idea, news, hope, belief, thought, truth, doubt, suggestion, warning, reason, question, decision等名词的后面，补充说明这些名词的具体内容或含义，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。that通常不省略。 I had no idea that y

16、our parents were opposed to my visit. 我不知道你的父母反对我来访。 The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。,四,2. 代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。 I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你，我现在还活着。 You must see to

17、it that the children dont catch cold. 你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。,3. 同位语从句也可由how, what, whether（不可用if) 等连接词引导。 He had no idea what a remarkable woman Maggie is. 他不知道玛吉是个多么出色的女人。 There is some doubt whether John will come on time. 对约翰是否会准时到有一些怀疑。 【注意】 1）在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。

18、 We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. 我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。 There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我们相信张卫会守信的。,名词性从句常见考点,1. 名词性从句的陈述语序。 2. that与whether的区别。 3. what 与 that 的用法区别。 4. whether 与 if 的用法区别。 5. Whoever ,whatever, whichever 与no matter who , no matter wh

19、at , no matter which的区别。,五,考点一：名词性从句必须是陈述语序。,1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone.,he has,there are,考点二：that与whether的判断。,that往往是肯定的语气，包括It is sure/ certain/ obvious, there is no doubt/ problem/ question等。 It is obvious that he will win the ga

20、me. whether往往是不确定的语气，包括have some doubt, it remains a question/problem, remains to be seem, what worries me, depend on等。 What worries us is whether he can pass the exam.,考点三：what 与 that 的判断,that是连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，即后面跟的是一个完整的句子。 而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语，宾语，表语。即后面跟的是一个不完整的句子。 What we need is money

21、. That he will come is certain.,考点四：whether 与 if 的判断。,1. 宾语从句中一般情况下表示“是否”时whether 与 if 可以通用。 I want to know if/whether he will come tomorrow. 2. 主语、表语、同位语从句中表示“是否”,只能用whether。 The question is whether the film is worth seeing. (表语从句） Whether the medicine will take effect remains to be seen. (主语从句）,在以

22、下情况下只能用whether，不能用if： 介词后面。 It depends on whether they will support us. 用于句首时。 Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet. 与or not 连用。 Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.,考点五：Whoever ,whatever, whichever 与no matter who , no matter what , no matter which的区别。,whoever, whatever,

23、 whichever 即可以引导名词性从句（主语/宾语从句），又可以引导让步状语从句； no matter who , no matter what, no matter which只能引导让步状语从句。 Whatever/Now matter what season it is , the man always wears his funny-looking hat. （状语从句：无论什么） Ill treasure whatever you give me. （名词性从句：anything that 任何东西）,经典例题,1. A warm thought suddenly came to

24、 me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which 答案：C 2. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever 答案：D,3. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger , more prosperous economy. A. As B. That C. This D. It 答案：D 4. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B.