高中英语基础---时态语态解析

1、时态语态,熟读深思 熟读下列各句, 结合谓语动词的形式体会谓语动词发生的时间或所处的状态, 理解不同时态的用法与构成。 1. I get up at 7：00 every morning. 我每天早上七点起床。(经常的动作),2. The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。(客观真理) 3. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。(格言或警句) 4. We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。,5. Theyre having a meeting now.他们现在在开会。(现

2、在) 6. Im studying at an evening school.我在上夜校。(现阶段) 7. Shes always helping others.她老是帮助别人。(赞扬),8. I knew you would agree.我知道你会同意的。(在过去某个时候看来, 将要发生的事) 9. I have seen the film already.我已经看过那部电影了。(暗示：我已知道电影的内容了),10. She has been a dancer for ten years.她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。(从十年前开始一直到现在) 11. When the police arriv

3、ed, the thieves had run away.警察到达时, 小偷们已经跑了。(过去的过去),12. When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.当杰克到来时, 他才了解到玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。(过去的过去) 13. The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国人造纸有2000年了。(两千年前开始造纸, 现在依然在造纸),14. He will come if you invite him.如果你请他, 他会来的

4、。(条件句中在一般现在时代替一般将来时) 15. The plane takes off at 11：30.飞机十一点半起飞。(时刻表中的规定),16. Mike is coming home on Thursday.迈克星期四回来。(近期计划, 常与表示将来的时间状语连用) 17. What are you going to do tomorrow?你打算明天做什么呢？(打算),18.Look at the clouds; its going to rain.你看天上的云, 快下雨了。(已有迹象表明) 19.They are to be married in June.他们将在六月结婚。(正

5、式安排) 20.He is about to set off for Beijing.他马上要去北京。(即将),1. 时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式, 表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有以下10种时态：,2. 表示将来有多种方式, 请注意比较： will/shall do表示单纯的将来或临时的决定。 be going to do表示主观打算或已有迹象表明将要发生某事。, be about to do表示即将，不与表示将来的时间连用。 do/does(一般现在时)在时刻表中规定要发生某事或在时间、条件状语从句中。 be to

6、do按计划或正式安排将发生的事。,熟读深思 朗读下列被动句, 体会被动语态的用法; 观察谓语部分, 思考各种时态被动语态的构成。 1.The G8 is made up of political leaders. (BSDM4, P 22),2.The Group of Eight, or G8, was formed by eight of the worlds wealthiest nations in 1998. (M4, P 22) 3.The news is being celebrated by crowds in the streets. (M4, P 23),4. At 12:

7、 45 UK time today, the name of the host city for the 2012 Olympic Games was being announced by IOC in Singapore.(M4, P 23) 5. Reforms have been demanded by people from all over the world.(M4， P 22),6. Londons name had been announced twice before. (M4, P 23) 7. It is going to be remembered as a histo

8、rical meeting this year, as the topic of Africa will be discussed in detail. (M4, P22),8. They want the leaders to cancel the debt of Africas poorest countries so that the problems there can be prevented from getting any worse. (M4, P 22),不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁, 或者需要突出或强调动作的承受者时, 就用被动语态。被动语态由“be+过去分词” 构

9、成，时态、人称和数的变化是通过be来体现的。以do为例, 请完成下表：,1. 只有及物动词才有被动语态。但cost， have， own， lack， agree with， suffer from， belong to等及物动词或及物的短语动词也没有被动语态。 2. 像happen， take place等不及物动词是没有被动语态的。,注意：,3.带有介词的短语动词的被动语态, 不要漏掉介词。如： The children will be looked after well here.这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照顾。,4. 以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义： 系动词feel，look，see

10、m, appear， taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主动形式表示被动意义, 主语通常是事物。如： The material feels very soft.这种料子摸起来很柔软。, write，read, clean，sell，wash, cook，open，close，lock等的否定式或与well, badly, easily等副词连用, 主语由内在品质或性能使谓语得以实现或不能实现时。如： The book sells well.那本书很畅销。 The window wont open.这扇窗开不了。, cook，bake，make，print， pac

11、k，build，work out等动词用于进行时态时。如： The fish is cooking.鱼正在煮。,在语法填空中, 动词的时态是必考内容。10空中通常有一空是考查时态的, 其中, 最有可能考的是一般过去时或者是主要是第三人称单数的一般现在时态, 以及现在进行时、过去进行时和一般将来时。 被动语态是可能要考的内容, 特别是一般现在时或一般过去时的被动语态。若掌握好被动语态, 在写作中适当运用, 可使句子更加多样化, 有时甚至会更加自然、生动。,时态语态与广东高考,有一空是考查非谓语动词的。因此，解题方法如下： 首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词， 一是根据

12、主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是被动语态； 二是根据具体的语境来判断用哪一种时态； 三是要注意主谓一致，最后才能确定所填动词的形式。,注意：,在确定谓语动词的时态时, 我们可从三个方面来进行判断： 1. 看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句； 2. 在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时,要看上下文的谓语动词的形式；,3. 看是否是特殊的句型。如： was/were about to do.when.did It is/has been +时间段+since 从句(一般过去时) It had been +时间段+since 从句(过去完成时), It will be +时间段+since 从句(一般

13、现在时) It/This/That is the first time that. have/has done. It/This/That was the first time that. had done., Hadly had +主语+done.when.did. No sooner had +主语+ done. than. did. 这样的句型还有很多, 平时要注意积累。,请根据以上技巧, 完成以下历年高考试题。 1.The sun was setting when my car _ (break) down near a remote village.,该空是when 引导的时间状语从

14、句主语my car的谓语。从句中没有时间状语或时间状语从句, 但主句的谓语动词was setting用了过去进行时, 同时此句也是一个特殊的句型：.was/were doing. when. did.此句型中的when 意为at that time, 因此可判断此谓语应用一般过去时。此外, 主语my car 与谓语之间的关系是主动关系, 同时主语也是单数。综合考虑可得此题答案为broke。,broke,2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course. Being too anxious to h

15、elp an event develop often _ (result) in the contrary to our intention.,空格处是主语Being too anxious to help an event develop的谓语, 本句的状语是often, 上句的谓语is saying是现在进行时, 可知此句谓语应用一般现在时。此外, 主语与谓语result in(导致)之间的关系应为主动关系, 同时, 主语是动名词短语,谓语动词应用单数。因此, 此题答案应为：results。,results,3. People stepped on your feet or _ (push

16、) you with their elbows, hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ” Jane _ (inform).,前空是主语people的谓语, 上文的并列谓语是stepped, 可知时态, 语态与主谓一致。因此, 此题的答案应为：pushed。后空是主语Jane的谓语,上文的谓语was 是一般过去时, 此外, 主语Jane与谓语inform(告知)之间的关系是被动关系(被告知), 同时主语Jane是单

17、数。因此, 此题答案应为：was informed。,pushed,was informed,4. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder who had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man _(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled warmly, and thanked his student

18、very much for the sweet water.,该空是主语the young man的谓语, 本句的状语是After a four-day journey, 上句的谓语是filled, 下句的谓语是took, smiled, 和thanked, 可知本句的谓语用一般过去时。此外,主语the young man与谓语present(送)的关系应是主动关系, 主语是单数。因此, 此题答案应为：presented。,presented,5.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man s

19、itting at the front. He _ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.,该空是主语 He 的谓语, 上句谓语是got, found和noticed, 本句后有并列谓语动词giving, 可知本句谓语应用过去进行时。主语与谓语应为主动关系, 主语也是单数。因此, 此题答案应为：was pretending。,was pretending,1. If you dont like the drink you _(order) just leave it and try a different one.,

20、灵活运用,根据此句意可知, “点饮料”已经发生了,否则怎么知道自己不喜欢呢？所以空格处用一般过去时。,ordered,2. Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I _ (do).,句意是：我一完成我做的工作就去图书馆。由于“去图书馆”用的是一般将来时,说明要完成的工作是“现在”正在做的事情, 故用现在进行时。,am doing,3. The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _ (give) in his place but, luckily, ev

21、erything was going on smoothly.,根据句中的was worried about和everything was going on smoothly可知选用过去进行时。句意为：经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的新闻发布会。但幸运的是，一切进展顺利。,was giving,4. It is the most instructive lecture that I _(attend) since I came to this school.,当一个受最高级形容词修饰的名词受到定语从句的修饰时，该定语从句既可用一般过去时，也可用现在完成时，但由于其后接了一个since引导的时间

22、状语从句，故空格处应填现在完成时。,have attended,5.In the last few years thousands of films _(produce) all over the world.,时间状语in the last few years通常要与现在完成时连用。,have been produced,6. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _ (receive) from China.,从时间上看, 应该是先得到援助, 然后才表示感谢, 由于“表达”用的

23、是一般过去时(expressed), 所以“得到援助”就应用过去完成时（had received）。,had received,7. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _(graduate) from college. 显然，儿子大学毕业在先, 杰克返回家在后。而“返回”家用的是一般过去时（returned）, 故儿子大学毕业要用过去完成时（had graduated）。,had graduated,8. Tom _(work) in the library every night over the last three

24、months. 因over the last three months这类时间状语通常通常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用。,has been working,9. Tommy is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month, he _ _(save) enough for a used one.,表示到将来某时(next month) 为止预计要完成的情况, 英语要用将来完成。,10. Is everyone here？ Not yet. Look, there _ (come) the rest of our guests!,由于以here和

25、there开头引出的倒装句通常只用于一般时态, 又因为句子主语the rest of our guests为复数, 故填come。,come,11. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear) evening dress.,根据句意, 此处谈的是一般情况, 要用一般现在时; 由于one of the women前有only修饰, 说明其后的定语从句是修饰one的, 而不是修饰women的, 所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数; 故填wears。,wears,12. Every few yea

26、rs, the coal workers _(have) their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.,根据句中的every few years(每隔几年) 可知, 动作带有经常性和规律性,故用一般现在时。,have,13.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _ (come) on the market in 1973. 主句用现在完成时, since引导的从句用一般过去时。 14.When you are home, give a call to let me kno

27、w you _(arrive) safely. 根据常识, 说话人应该是叫对方“已经”到家后才打电话报平安, 故选现在完成时。,came,have arrived,15.Up to now, the program _ (save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.,短语up to now的意思是“到现在为止”,指从过去某时开始持续到现在的一段时间, 通常与现在完成时连用。,has saved,16. For many years, people _ (dream) of electric cars. However, m

28、aking them has been more difficult than predicted.,根据句意和句中的时态以及for many years(多年来) 可知, 要用现在完成时。,have dreamed,17. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ (make) by scientists.,根据句意和空格后的介词by可知, 空格处应用被动语态; 再根据句中的in the near future可知, 应用一般将来时。,will be made,18.Experiments of this kind

29、 _ _(conduct) in both the U.S and Europe well before the Second World War.,由于主语experiments(实验)与动词conduct (实施)之间为被动关系, 故谓语动词应用被动语态; 又因为the Second World War为过去时间, 所以before the Second World War就是“过去的过去”, 因此用过去完成时。,19. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _ (rescue) four days later.,

30、由于“海军士兵”与“营救”之间为被动关系, 故应用被动语态; 再根据four days later可知用一般过去时。,was rescued,20. All visitors to this village _ (treat) with kindness.,根据句意可知, visitors (游客) 与treat(对待)之间为被动关系, 故用被动语态; 由于句中没有相应的过去时间, 故用一般现在时。句意为: 所有来访这个村庄的客人都会受到友好对待。,are treated,21.The church tower which _ _(restore) will be open to touris

31、ts soon. The work is almost finished.,根据句中的.will be open to tourists soon (不久将对游客开放) 以及 The work is almost finished (工程差不多快结束了) 可知, the church tower的修复工程还正在进行, 故用现在进行时的被动语态。,22.This coastal area _(name) a national wildlife reserve last year.,由于this coastal area与name之间为被动关系, 再根据句中的last year可知, 用一般过去时

32、的被动语态。,was named,23. Linda, make sure the tables _ (set) before the guests arrive.,由于table(桌子) 与set(摆, 放置) 之间为被动关系, 要用被动语态; 又因为make sure后接从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义, 故用一般现在时的被动语态。,are set,24. Youve failed to do what you _(expect) to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.,由expect sb. to do sth. (期待某人做某事) 可

33、知, you与expect为被动关系, 要用被动语态; 意思是指没有做“过去安排好要做的事”, 于是担心受惩罚, 故用一般过去时的被动语态。,were expected,25. People say that a smile can _ _(pass) from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so.,因a smile与pass是被动关系,故用被动语态, 注意情态动词后用原形。,be passed,26. When research _(assign), the professor

34、 expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.,谓语动词, 因research(研究工作)与assign(分配)是被动关系, 又根据前后时态(如expects)可知, 此空应用一般现在时的被动语态。,is assigned,27. The meeting _ (hold) tomorrow. 因会议是被举行, tomorrow表明用一般将来时。 28. All the tickets _(sell) out when they rushed there. 因rushed是过去的

35、动作, 在此之前就是过去的过去, 用过去完成时; 票被卖完, 故用过去完成时的被动语态。,will be held,had been sold,29. The cloth _(wash) well. 因这种布料本身的品质决定着好洗, 用主动形式表被动含义。 30. The door wont _(shut). 由主语的内在品质问题使得谓语不能实现,即门坏了不能关, 用主动形式表被动含义。,washes,shut,二、语篇填空,Welcome to our school. Id like to introduce you plans for our school. A lot of work 1

36、 _(do)in the past few years. The library 2 _ (complete) and is ready for use. But we still have to do more work.,1. 由时间状语in the past few years可知。 2. 根据is ready for use可推出。,has been done,has been completed,A new biology lab 3 _(build)this year. But we dont have enough money for the equipment. Student

37、s in all grades 4 _(collect) money. The money which is collected 5 _ (spend) on new equipment.,3. 根据句末的this year可知用进行时态。 4. 根据上下文可知。 5. 根据句意可知。,is being built,are collecting,will be spent,At present, a plan 6 _ (make) for a party at the end of the term, at which wonderful performances 7 _ (put) on.

38、The gardens of the school 8 _ _(improve)this year.,6. 由At present可知用进行时态。 7. 根据上下文可知。 8. 根据句意可知。,is being made,will be put,New trees 9 _ (plant)which will soon give shade in summer. The whole school 10 _ _ (paint) during the summer holidays. In fact, our school is becoming more and more beautiful.,9. 根据句意可知。 10. 根据during the summer holidays可知。,are being planted,假如你是某报社的英文记者,请就以下内