电力电子讲义Introduction1.ppt

1、,电力电子技术 Power Electronics,Power Electronics,Introduction,Outline,What is power electronics? The history Applications About this course,What is power electronics?,Definition Relation with information electronics The interdisciplinary nature Position and significance in the human society,Power Electro

2、nics: A more exact explanation:,is the electronics applied to conversion and control of electric power. Range of power scale : milliwatts(mW) megawatts(MW) gigawatts(GW),Definition,The primary task of power electronics is to process and control the flow of electric energy by supplying voltages and c

3、urrents in a form that is optimally suited for user loads.,信息电子技术信息处理 电力电子技术电力变换 电子技术一般即指信息电子技术，广义而言，也包括电力电子技术。,电力电子技术使用电力电子器件对电能进行变换和控制的技术，即 应用于电力领域的电子技术。 目前电力电子器件均用半导体制成，故也称电力半导体器件。 电力电子技术变换的“电力”，可大到数百MW甚至GW，也可小到数W甚至mW级。,1.1 电力电子与信息电子,Conversion of electric power,Other names for electric power con

4、verter: -Power converter -Converter -Switching converter -Power electronic circuit -Power electronic converter,Frequency, magnitude, number of phases,AC (Alternating Current),Magnitude,DC(Direct Current),Changeable properties in conversion,Two types of electric power,Classification of power converte

5、rs,Power output,Power input,电力交流和直流两种 从公用电网直接得到的是交流，从蓄电池和干电池得到的是直流。,电力变换四大类 交流变直流、直流变交流、直流变直流、交流变交流,表1 电力变换的种类,进行电力变换的技术称为 变流技术。,1.2 两大分支,变流技术,The interdisciplinary nature,William E. Newells description,Power electronics is the interface between electronics and power.,电力电子学 (Power Electronics)名称60年代

6、出现。 1974年，美国的W. Newell用图1的倒三角形对电力电子学进行了描述，被全世界普遍接受。,图1 描述电力电子学的倒三角形,1.3 与相关学科的关系,都分为器件和应用两大分支。 器件的材料、工艺基本相同，采用微电子技术。 应用的理论基础、分析方法、分析软件也基本相同。 信息电子电路的器件可工作在开关状态，也可工作在放大状态； 电力电子电路的器件一般只工作在开关状态。 二者同根同源。,与电子学（信息电子学）的关系,1.3 与相关学科的关系,1.3 与相关学科的关系,电力电子技术广泛用于电气工程中 高压直流输电静止无功补偿 电力机车牵引交直流电力传动 电解、电镀、电加热、高性能交直流电

7、源 国内外均把电力电子技术归为电气工程的一个分支。 电力电子技术是电气工程学科中最为活跃的一个分支。,与电力学（电气工程）的关系,控制理论广泛用于电力电子系统中。 电力电子技术是弱电控制强电的技术， 是弱电和强电的接口； 控制理论是这种接口的有力纽带。 电力电子装置是自动化技术的基础元件和 重要支撑技术。,与控制理论（自动化技术）的关系,1.3 与相关学科的关系,Relation with multiple disciplines,Power electronics is currently the most active discipline in electric power engine

8、ering.,Position and significance in the human society,Electric power is used in almost every part and everywhere of modern human society. Electric power is the major form of energy source used in modern human society. The objective of power electronics is right on how to use electric power, and how

9、to use it effectively and efficiently, and how to improve the quality and utilization of electric power. Power electronics and information electronics make two poles of modern technology and human society: information electronics is the brain,and power electronics is the muscle.,The history,The thre

10、ad of the power electronics history is the break-through and evolution of power electronic devices,late 1980s,mid 1970s,1957,1900,Mercury arc rectifier Vacuum-tube rectifier Thyratron,Invention of Thyristor,Power diode Thyristor,Application of fast-switching fully-controlled semiconductor devices,GT

11、O GTR Power MOSFET Thyristor (microprocessor),IGBT Power MOSFET Thyristor (DSP),Pre-history,1st phase,2nd phase,3rd phase,电力电子技术的发展史是以电力电子器件的发展史为纲的。,1904,1930,1947,1957,1970,1980,1990,2000,t(年),2 电力电子技术的发展史,Applications,Industrial Transportation Utility systems Power supplies for all kinds of electr

12、onic equipment Residential and home appliances Space technology Other applications,Industrial applications,Motor drives Electrolysis Electroplating Induction heating Welding Arc furnaces and ovens Lighting,Transportation applications,Trains & locomotives Subways Trolley buses Magnetic levitation Ele

13、ctric vehicles Automotive electronics Ship power systems Aircraft power systems,Utility systems applications,High-voltage dc transmission(HVDC) Flexible ac transmission(FACTS) Static var compensation & harmonics suppression: TCR, TSC, SVG, APF Custom power & power quality control Supplemental energy

14、 sources : wind, photovoltaic, fuel cells Energy storage systems,HVDC,Power supplies for electronic equipment,Telecommunications Computers Office equipment Electronic instruments Portable or mobile electronics,server,computer,Telecommunication,Residential and home appliances,Lighting Heating Air con

15、ditioning Refrigeration & freezers Cooking Cleaning Entertaining,Applications in space technology,Spaceship power systems Satellite power systems Space vehicle power systems,Other applications,Nuclear reactor control Power systems for particle accelerators Environmental engineering,Trends,It is esti

16、mated that in developed countries now 60% of the electric energy goes through some kind of power electronics converters before it is finally used.,reduction of energy consumption leads to less pollution reduction of pollution produced by power converters direct applications to environment protection technology,Power electronics has been making major contributions to: -better performance of power supplies and better control of electric equipment -energy saving -e