2013年四级写作讲座

1、大学英语四级写作,大学外语教育学院 2013.9,Outline,评分原则及标准,历年真题分析,常见语言错误分析,应试策略,Part I 评分原则及标准,评分原则及标准,评分原则 CET作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷人员按总的印象给分，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。 一般来说，阅卷老师在50秒钟内就会根据第一印象给出分数档次，进而确定具体分数。该分数一般在印象分基础上下浮动1分。,评分标准,考生应了解自己目前所在的档次，然后逐步稳定提高， 不能不切实际，盲目追求高分。,不成句，句句错

2、,2/3句子有错误,1/2句子有错误,4、5处,仅个别小错。语言丰富，要有亮点。,2分档： 一塌糊涂 5分档： 糊里糊涂 8分档： 马马虎虎 11分档：清清楚楚 14分档：漂漂亮亮,Part II 历年真题分析,Part II 历年真题分析,Part II 历年真题分析,2006.62011.6,变 化,2011.122013.6（除了2012.6）,真题比较,2011.6,2011.12,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Sho

3、pping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3我的建议,Directions: Youre allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, Quitting smoking is the easiest thin

4、g in the world. Ive done it hundreds of time.“ Youd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,新,2012.6,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no mo

5、re than 180 words. 1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象 2.出现这一现象的原因 3.我对这一现象的看法和建议,For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education Pays on the statistics provided in the chart below (Weekly earnings in 2010). Please give a brief description of the chart first and then make comments

6、on it.,2012.12,Directions: Youre allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. Youd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,2013.6 作文（一）,女士： “Just think

7、of it as if youre reading a long text-message. ”,Directions : For this part, youre allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief discription of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You

8、should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,2013.6 作文（二）,Dad, Im a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste.,If you can empty the dustbin here, you can do anything.,Directions: Youre allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description o

9、f the picture and then express your views on the importance of learning basic skills. Youd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,2013.6 作文（三）,老师在教数学 2*2=4， 2*3=6. 学生： “No offense, but by the time were in the job market, wont that stuff be outdated? ”,新题型难点,没有三段式汉语提纲， 有些学生结构布局不合理。,内 容,

10、结 构,语 言,全英语指示，有些阅读能力差的同学看不懂要求，容易写跑题。,有些学生语言基本功差，影响语言表达。错误很多。,阅卷教师之经验,语言第一位 句句错0分档，隔三差五有对句5分档，隔三差五有错句8分档，有4、5处错误11分档，只有个别小错并且有闪光点的14分档。 内容第二位 跑题一般降一档，如果作文和题目毫不相关则0分。 结构第三位,语言最重要！,观点高不高深无关紧要，只要不跑题就行。,真题分析,2011.12 作文真题 Directions: Youre allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeed

11、s Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of time.” Youd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words., 2009 Guidon Performance Solutions, LLC. All rights reserved. Guidon Performance Solutions is a

12、licensee of LeanSigma, a service mark of TBM Consulting Group.,第一步：审题,一、题目：Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will,二、评论幽默话语 “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of time.”,找出二者关系： 幽默话语是个引子，是出发点。通过评论它来导出文章主题（题目），然后围绕主题深入探讨。,这篇作文需要抓住两大要点，一是对上述幽默性的话语做出评论，二是在评论的基础上要亮出自

13、己的观点。然后论证。 如果没有仔细审题，看到quitting smoking长篇大论地论述戒烟是多么容易的一件事情，那么，你就跑题了！,审题： 好的开始是成功的一半,确定文章的段落层次及文章布局，有助于作者理清思路。 关键词提纲：列出每段、每层次的关键词 列提纲简单，但后期写作复杂，适用于水平较高者。 简短句提纲：用简短的句子把文章的主要观点写出来。,第二步： 组织结构、 列提纲,结构安排注意事项,首先，在文章的正文中，你必须要提及这个幽默的段子，绝不能置之不顾或超越它。其次，在具体的操作层面上，所谓的commenting，是需要考生从所给定的情景或语境中，引申出自己对它的理解，抽象出某些深层

14、次的内涵，将其与文章题目紧密地挂起钩来，然后展开自己的论述。 但需注意的是，在进行commenting的时候，抓住一、两个要点，三言两语概述一下即可，要用2/3甚至3/4的篇幅，来围绕着文章的题目本身，来展开论述。千万不要本末倒置，用2/3甚至3/4的篇幅来讨论这个humorous saying本身，而对题目本身则无话可说。说白了，这个humorous saying本身，只是一个引子，只是一个出发点，引发学生推而广之地就文章的题目，展开广泛深入的探讨。,第三步：写作,1. 注意清晰整洁 卷面整洁、书写流畅、段落分明、标点清楚 2. 词数限制心中有数 （120-180 words） 在规定字数范

15、围内完成文章；写得越多，缺点越多 3. 奖励分“分分必争” 文章结构合理，句子段落衔接连贯，语言表达有亮点 4. 小细节不放过 （最重要！） 避免低级语法错误和拼写错误，以免因小失大。如果有几个致命语法错误，即使别的句子写的很好，甚至有亮点，分数也高不了。但如果没有严重语法错误，仅有小错，即使没有亮点，分数也低不了）,第四步: 检查,1. 拼写正确，看文章中是否有汉字、多余符号、糊乱涂改、划线、和错别字； 2. 搭配正确； 3. 语法正确，特别是人称、时态、和单复数的三一致。,2011.12 写作范文,范文（一） 范文 （二） 范文 （三）,Nothing succeeds without a

16、 Strong Will (1),Sometimes, in our daily life, the easiest thing might be the most difficult thing, as in the case of some people trying to quit smoking for hundreds of times and still making endless efforts without any hope of success. The reason for their failure is their lack of a strong will. In

17、 our modern world, nothing is simple and straightforward. Something might appear deceptively easy at first, but as we proceed on, we will find that it is actually extremely difficult. Therefore, we must take whatever we do seriously and be mentally prepared to make our utmost exertions努力. When we en

18、counter obstacles and setbacks, we must apply our strong willpower and persevere until we finally succeed.,团队相关概念综述 企业团队建设的状及问题分析,1 3,For us university students, in our academic studies or in our daily life on campus, we might not be faced with insurmountable(不能克服的)challenges. But we need to get pre

19、pared, right now, to take things seriously, try to cultivate our strong will, and be ready to pursue our goals through persistence and indefatigable(不屈不挠的)will. I believe its the only way we can achieve our success.,Nothing succeeds without a Strong Will (2),Success depends on many factors, both phy

20、sical and spiritual. In my opinion, mental factors like a strong will are far more decisive in enabling us to achieve success. For example, despite our repeated efforts to quit smoking, our lack of a strong will would still cause us to end up in failure. In any of our undertakings, we should first s

21、et a goal. Some goals are highly challenging. Without a strong will, people would give up in the middle and they fail to achieve their goals. For those people who do succeed, they succeed simply because they have that mental stamina which enables them to challenge even the most insurmountable diffic

22、ulties.,团队相关概念综述 企业团队建设的状及问题分析,1 3,There is a saying that Impossible is nothing. To make the impossible possible, we must exercise our perseverance and strong willpower. Or, as an English proverb goes, If there is a will, there is a way. Our world is becoming increasingly competitive and only by mak

23、ing strong-willed efforts can we maximize our potential and gain competitive edges, and prevail over all obstacles that lie in our way to success.,Nothing succeeds without a Strong Will (3),There is a prevalent joke around young people saying that quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world,

24、and Ive done it for hundreds of times. This seemingly funny statement ironically reflects the fact that the determination of most youngsters is often started with enthusiasm, but the passion becomes increasingly weaker each day, and then diminishes as if there has been no such thing at all. It is ob

25、vious that their failure in quitting smoking and decline of determination are all ascribed to their lack of will. Initially, every success involves several stages of setbacks and risks, and we need to summon up our will to conquer them. Moreover, there are enormous temptation in our path of pursuit

26、of success. For instance,团队相关概念综述 企业团队建设的状及问题分析,1 3,when we plan to quit smoking, our roommates may smoke freely in front of us; when we are eager to keep fit, our close friends may invite us to have late night snacks. Under these occasions, only strong will can assist us to resist the temptation, a

27、nd persist in chasing our goals until we triumphantly realize them. In short, no dream will successfully come true if we do not have strong will. An old famous proverb says that where there is a will, there is a way. Let us bear this motto in mind no matter how many thunders and thorns are on our ro

28、ads ahead, then we will be successful with such precious and powerful spirit.,真题分析,2012.12 作文真题 图表作文 （有两篇，只讲其中一篇）,For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education Pays on the statistics provided in the chart below (Weekly earnings in 2010). Please give a brief desc

29、ription of the chart first and then make comments on it.,2012.12,第一步：审题,Education Pays,题干要求,(1) give a brief description of the chart first (2) then make comments on it.,图表信息,Education: A Worthy Investment Weekly earnings in 2010 ($) degrees-numbers Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics,作文题目,数字表示周收入

30、，学位越高，收入越高。,题目的含义是“教育是一种投资，有回报”，而不是“教育花费”,列提纲 关键词提纲或简短句提纲。,第二步： 组织结构、列提纲,组织结构 图表描述：1/3篇幅即可。重点写最大值和最小值，其余的一笔带过即可。 评论时突出重点education is a worthy investment/education pays. 从什么角度评论都可以（只要是合理的）。可以分析原因：受教育-提高竞争力-找到好工作-收到高薪。可以结合自身，要好好学习。还可以反驳社会盛行的知识无用论。最后可以再次强调教育是有回报的投资。,第三步： 写作 （注意语法） 第四步：检查 要求同上。,2012.12

31、真题范文（一） Education Pays,A recent investigation shows the weekly earnings of people with different levels of education. Graduates with a doctoral degree receive the highest weekly wage, which is $1550, followed by the ones with masters and bachelors degrees, whose weekly earnings are $1272 and $ 1038.

32、 On the other hand, graduates with no college degree, or with high school diploma or with less than high school diploma earn $712, $626 and $444 per week respectively. As we can see, graduates with higher degrees usually receive higher weekly pay. There are several factors contributing to this pheno

33、menon. Firstly, graduates with higher degrees have acquired more knowledge and skills so that they can deal with tough tasks. Whats more, those people are better in resolving difficult problems. As a result, they are more likely to be employed by major companies when competing with their peers.,团队相关

34、概念综述 企业团队建设的状及问题分析,1 3,Nowadays, our society is more and more in need of people with rich knowledge and strong ability. While it costs a lot to get higher degrees, education is evidently a worthy investment.,2012.12 真题范文(二） Education Pays,The above bar chart clearly shows us education pays in 2010.

35、We see that one with higher education background earns more money weekly than those with lower ones. For instance, the college students with no degree get paid $712 per week whereas those with a Bachelors degree can earn $1038. Several reasons, in my opinion, can be identified to account for this ph

36、enomenon. To begin with, compared with those with comparatively lower education degree, people who have received higher education possess considerably wider knowledge, more remarkable learning and research ability, greater innovation and most of all, resourceful social network, all of which are esse

37、ntial to a high-income work. Also, the higher ones education degree is,团队相关概念综述 企业团队建设的状及问题分析,1 3,the bigger platform he will have to show his ability. For example, his college, university, or research institute will organize various job fairs for them to communicate face to face with employers. Thi

38、s phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment. Therefore, substantial education investment should be strengthened while we, as college students, should study harder to build our country and strive for a better life for ourselves.,真题分析,2013.6 作文真题 图画作文 （有三篇，只讲其中一篇）,Directions: Youre all

39、owed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. Youd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,2013.6 作文（一）,女士： “Just think of it as if youre reading a long tex

40、t-message. ”,第一步：审题,没有给定,题干要求,(1) give a brief description of picture first (2) then express your views on the importance of reading literature.,图表信息,location: ? (根据个人理解） two people in the picture 脸上的表情 the woman says: “” “LITERATURE” on the ? (根据个人理解）,作文题目,结合在一起考虑,列提纲 关键词提纲或简短句提纲。,第二步：组织结构、列提纲,组织结构

41、 第一段：描述图片（可以再说明现象） 第二段：阐明观点，展开议论 第三段：总结观点，给出建议,第三步： 写作 （尽量避免严重语法错误） 第四步：检查,2013.6 14分样卷,As is shown in the picture, a teacher of a literature class is handing a thick book to her student and says, “Just think of it as if youre reading a text message”, but the student seems to be receiving it relucta

42、ntly. It reveals a common phenomenon that the significance of reading literature has not been realized by many students. However, reading literature is so important that we cant ignore. First, literature is the fruit of human wisdom, which enriches our knowledge and broadens our horizons. Moreover,

43、literature reading can give us an insight into life and help us understand life better. Finally, literature is to the culture of a country what water is to fish. Reading literature not only brings personal benefits, but also promotes our sense of cultural identity.,1 3,All in all, reading literature

44、 is a pleasure rather than the burden from study. If we understand the value of it we can obtain the proper attitude toward it.,2013.6 11分样卷,As we can see from the picture, a teacher is passing on a book to a child with an unwilling expression. We can imply that the teacher encourages the child to r

45、ead literature by saying: “Just think of it as if youre reading a text message.” The picture illustrates that reading literature can benefit us a lot. First, we are able to know what other famous people thought about as if we are chatting with them, second, reading literature can contribute to the d

46、evelopment of our personality. We may become more polite, more knowledgeable by reading books. They can cheer us up when we feel disappointed.,1 3,Reading literature is essential for us because we should have sufficient knowledge to meet the requirements of future. Nowadays, we pay much attention to

47、 the other things like reading and sending text-messages, watching TV and so on. I think this is not a good trend. Only when we are aware the significance of reading literature can we have more profound influence from it.,2013.6 8分样卷,From the picture, we can see there are two peoples. A woman is giv

48、ing a book to a child. The woman looks happy but the child has a different attitude. He looks unhappy. So we know the child dont like reading literatures. Now, not only the child dont like read literatures. With the development of society, more and more people are busy in getting message from the in

49、ternet or TV, People has ignored the importance of reading literatures.,1 3,Reading literature is good for us. From the literatures, we can get some knowledge about life which many people had experienced. The literature also can bring us the knowledge about how to be a success what you need but you

50、dont have now. It also tell us what we should do and what we shouldnt do. If we are reading literature we can know the price of our life. There is too may reason we should read literature. So, we should change our attitude about the literature. Its important for us to read literatures.,2013.6 5分样卷,I

51、n this picture, we can see that the teacher give the student a book, while the teacher is happy but another isnt. As far as I concerned, reading literature is good habit for people because which can improve their IQ. I believe the people has not only IQ, but also EQ, can be successful earlier. Whats

52、 more, in my opinion, in think that the will-known literatures are better for children, for which has wittren handrends of years, and servied, that means many people think those books are good and worthy to read. In addition, most of students have to take the university extrance examination, and man

53、y of them want to get a good university and then reading more literatures can improve your grate of Chinese. Furthermore, if someone love to reading, he usually can calm down quickly and can control himself better.,1 3,All in all, Maybe the people who like to reading literatures cant be successful,

54、but most of the people who are successful love to reading.,2013.6 2分样卷,In the picture, we are see a women and a boy. You can found the women brought a book a boy. and said “Just think of it as if youre reading a text message.” Nowdays interfor become widnesty penonmnon in our society, Many people li

55、ke going computer game, joining the part and suffering the interfors, Reading book is very less than before. As it know well, this modern society must have fast doing. people very busy from today to future. However, I think reading book is very important for mine to our life.,1 3,First, we have a li

56、terature reading for sale our life. You always happy or sad. In this place, you can give up yourself. Furerty more, you can concerted your future. Do you want to become a nice people? You must spend some time to think. At least as seem to me, Reading book can give our a beautiful life. Only in this

57、way, we can have a bright future.,特别提示！,阅卷老师主要还是根据学生语言水平打分的。语言最重要！ 14分档 个别小错，要有亮点 11分档 4、5处小错， 没亮点或句型简单都不要紧，只要表达清楚就行。 8分档 语言错误相当多，大约1/3句子有错误，其中有一些是严重错误。 5分档 大约2/3句子有错误，有较多的严重语言错误。 2分档 句子支离破碎，句句有错。,判断目前自己是哪一档。 如果5分、8分档一定要加强基本功，避免严重语言错误。如果是11分档，注意使用大学学的词汇、句型，增加亮点。,2013年6月作文阅卷考生雷人语句,1He is a very like

58、studys student. 2Now read books people are more and more less. 读书的人越来越少。 3. An higher person gives an book to the shorter person. 高个子、矮个子 4This is the student sads reason.(悲伤的原因） 5We read literature doesnt in order to gain knowledge. 不为获得知识 6Let they think dont hard work is very bad, to themself not

59、 have help. 7. Have most people havent read book habit. 有多数人没有读书习惯,一、汉语式英语博览会,8.A person grow dont leave books. 一个人成长离不开书 9. Tody is a teacher day, our should to all teacher say:teacher day happy. 10.A middle-old中年woman is gives a book to a boy. She very like this like books boy. 11.Reading literature should from little baby./ from kid start. 12. Im very like read book. I believe everybody same me. 13. We must give the teacher the book in the true time, so this book can turn to