2016高考英语阅读理解猜测词义分析

1、猜测词义,高三专题复习 阅读理解之一,“得阅读者，得高分” 让我们一起努力， 征服阅读，战胜高考！,If you come across new words when reading,What will you do ?,Look them up in the dictionary,Ignore them and continue reading,Guess the meaning,3,3,词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力，以及it，they，them等判断指代内容，做此类题目，考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，“上下取证”，通过构词法，语法逻辑、经验

2、、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义。 词义猜测题不是阅读测试的重点，但也是常考点。是阅读理解题中的难点。是同学们的易错点。2015年考试说明介绍阅读理解部分有可能会考查对词组或短语在上下文的词语猜测,对考纲外生词的猜测,对考纲内熟词新义的猜测,对短语或句义的猜测,对代词的猜测,对考纲外生词的猜测,Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently. “polyglot” most probably means “_.”,对考纲内熟词新义的猜测,I had

3、first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. (04全国卷) “cloud” means “_.”,通晓数种语言的人,使模糊，混淆，搅浑,考查熟词的引申义或一词多义在特定场合的意思,The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn.(07四川卷)

4、By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic”, the writer means the brain can be _. A.used B. mastered C. developed D. researched,对句义的猜测,7,7,(2013四川卷B篇)Two 12yearold boy, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once theyd rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tie

5、d to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control. 36. What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The beach. B. The water. C. The boat. D. The wind.,D,对代词的猜测,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有

6、： 1The underlined word/phrase“_”in the third paragraph means_. 2The underlined word“_”in the second paragraph can be replaced by_. 3Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word“_”in the last paragraph? 4The underlined word“_”in the fourth paragraph refers to_.,How to guess

7、 the meaning of words?,高分秘笈,1. Definition 定义法,3. Similarity 相似法,2. Contrast 对比法,4. Cause and effect 因果法,5. Example 例举法,8. Common Sense 普通常识,6. Word Formation 构词法,猜测词义,7. Context 上下文,1. It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily.,1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义

8、。,A. fragile B. soft C. weak D. strong,2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.,(n. 牧羊人),12,12,3.(2013四川卷E篇)“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brainspeak to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，”Dr. Garfinkel said. 49. Which of the

9、following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6? A. Order. B. System. C. Machine. D. Treatment.,B,通过标点符号来下定义 使用破折号，引号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容 3.They will be on the night shift from midnight to 6 a. m. next week.,由破折号之间的解释内容，我们可以了解到“night shift”意思为“夜班”。,1.定义法,定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is， or， that is (

10、to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示,Guess the Meaning of the Word,小结,2. Contrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。 表示对比的词有but、while、however、 otherwise等。,1.Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.,2.She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived i

11、n the middle of her first class.,A. punctual B. late C. slowly D. quickly,A,(disagreed),Tests on rats show that those who raise two or three litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies. A. baby rats B.animals C.old rats D.grown-up rats,My mind wa

12、s in a million different places. Thanks to the strict training , Bell is now no longer nervous and a lot more confident. A.she was absent-minded B. she was nervous C. she was excited D.she was curious,表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though on the con

13、trary等。,小结,2.对比法,3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。,1.Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.,(adj. 巨大的;极大的), 2.“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” says friend

14、 Pat Williams, “He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody.” 74. “He was just Joe Everybody.” ( in the last paragraph) means _. A. Dave was famous B. Dave was ordinary C. Dave was stupid D. Dave was shy,根据同义词，,3.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in e

15、ffect last year.,and ,or ,such as, like， for example, for instance常连接同义词组 。,小结,取代,4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。,1.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.,2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.,(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的),(adj. 大的),3.

16、 She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.,Not hear what you said concentrate/focus her attention on,4. Since I have finished my paper now, I am going to give myself a treat tonight. I am going to watch a movie on campus, an action movie called “Face Off”. T

17、he underlined words “a treat” here means _. A. an action movie B. something pleasant to enjoy C. a rest D. something nice to eat,5.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.,徒劳的,Guess the meaning of the word,根据因果关系,小结,常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a

18、 result，so, so that, such that therefore等)表示前因后果。,5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等 。,1.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.,(n. 电器用具),2. Although the hazards of

19、the trip were many - for example, the unbearable heat, the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost, the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes - Collins nevertheless decided that she must go. A) pleasures B) conveniences C) dangers D) equipment,6. Word Formation 构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和

20、词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。,通过构词法猜测词义 运用合成，派生，转化的方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。 1. 根据合成(compounding)词猜测词义 2.根据前缀(prefix)猜测词义 根据后缀(suffix)猜测词义 猜测词性转换(conversion)猜测新词含义,表否定 un-, non-, in-, dis- 表相反 un-, de-, dis-, counter- 错误失当 mis-, ma

21、l-, pseudo- 表向背 pro-, anti- 表程度 arch-, super-, ultra- , over-, under-, mini-, semi- , 表时间 pre, fore-, post- 表方位 sub-, inter-, trans-,prefix,decontrol transplant counterattack pseudonym,解除控制,移植,反击,假名，笔名,suffix,-able （能的） -less （无，不） wards （ 向） -ship （身份；资格；权力；性质） -some （ 易于的） hood （状态；性质；时期） -ish （如的

22、；有点儿的） -proof (防的；不能穿透的） -scape （景） -most (最的）,waterproof streetscape innermost speechless,防水的,街景,最内心的,无语的,superman childish (超人) nonnatural mispronouce (非自然的) homeless antiageing (无家可归的) shewolf sleep-walk (母狼),Can you guess the right meanings?,(孩子气的),(抗衰老的),(发错音),(梦游),1. With their shining brown e

23、yes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. (2003NMET),unconditional: nonjudgmental:,无条件的，绝对的,没有判断力的,根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等,派生 Derivation,2.According to Morrissey, trying to find a diet that can cure your

24、illness ,or make you superwoman is a fruitless search. 43.“a fruitless research” means_ A.an effort without results B.a search for diet without fruilts C.a research on fruitless diet D.a diet serving as medicine,He was something out of an ancient legend, his very strange, dusty felt hat, his funny a

25、ccent from who-knows-where （06广东卷）,合成 Compounding,谁都不知是什么地方,Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say. （08广东卷） She rested herself against a post close to the tracks（09广东卷）,转化 Conversion,v.n. 发言，发表意见,n.v. 倚靠,1.Spending a

26、s little as $US 5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia found. A.help to find B.help to bring C.help to increase D.help to get,C,7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。,下文：Their experiment on more than 630Americans showed that they were mea

27、surably happier when they spend money on others.,根据上下文线索,The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and cropsThere was very little we could do about the corps. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded again (江西卷) The underlined word stock refers to_. A. money owned by the family Bgoods for sale C. supplies for family use Dfarm animals,D,A,(n. 猫头鹰),A,(n. 猿),8. Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。,在阅读的过程中，如