The_differences_between_British_and_American_English.ppt

1、The differences between British and American English,Group 6,The spelling of them,In the United States development of language, spelling have occurred in a similar movement of our simplified characters (The simplified Spelling Movement), delete the word spelling in some of the letters are not pronou

2、nced.,1、英语单词中不发音的词尾-me, -ue在美语拼写中被删除。 British American 公斤 kilogramme kilogram 方案 programme program 目录 catalogue catalog 对话 dialogue dialog 序言 prologue prolog,2、英语中的以-our结尾的单词，在美语中删去了不发音的字母u。 British America 举止、行为 behaviour behavior 颜色 colour color 特别喜爱 favourite favorite 风味 flavour flavor 荣誉 honour

3、honor 劳动 labour labor,3、英语中以-re结尾，读音为2的单词，在美语中改为-er结尾，读音不变。 British American 中心 centre center 纤维 fibre fiber 公尺 metre meter 剧场 theatre theater,4、英语中某些以-ence为结尾的单词，在美语中改为- ense结尾，读音仍为ns。 British American 防御 defence defense 犯法行为 offence offense 执照 licence license 托词 pretence pretense,5、英语中以-ise结尾的动词，美

4、语中则拼作-ize。例如： British American 批评 criticise criticize 组织 organise organize 实现 realise realize 辨认 recognise recognize 使标准化 standardise standardize,6、英语中以双写-ll-拼写的部分词，在美语中只有一个-l-，例如： British American 地方议员 councillor councilor 顾问 counsellor counselor 珠宝商 jeweller jeweler 奇异的 marvellous marvelous 包裹 par

5、celled parceled 旅行 travelling traveling,7、英语中以- xion-kJ2n结尾的词，美语中拼作-ction，读音不变。 British American 联系 connexion connection 弯曲 inflexion inflection 反射 reflexion reflection,8、除以上几类词的拼写不同外，也还有一些常见的，在英语和美语中拼写各异的无法归类的词。例如： British American 支票 cheque check 监狱 gaol jail 路边的镶边石 kerb curb 小胡子 moustache mustach

6、e 犁 plough plow 睡衣裤 pyjamas pajamas 怀疑的 sceptical skeptical 橡皮 erarer rubber,The different uses of them,一、Noun. 1、美国英语将其他词类名词化的倾向比英国英语更为明显，特别是那些带介词的短语动词：to cook out a cook-out ;to know how the know-how; to run down the rundown; to be shut in a shut-in; to stop over the stopover等,2、集合名词做主语时，英国英语的谓语动词

7、可以是单数形式或者复数形式，美国英语几乎总是用单数形式。例如：BE ：They are a family who has been very influential in the history of this country. AE/BE: The committee has decided to look into the matter further.名词作定语时，美国英语多用单数形式，而英国英语则常用其复数形式。例如：BE：The worker decided to form a new trades union. AE: The worker decided to form a ne

8、w trade union.,二、Verb. 动词 have ,get, make 当动词have有致使之意时，美国用have;英国对上级用get,对下级用make.英语中的to have 是个词性不明确的动词。英国人既把它用作助动词又把它用作实义动词；美国人则一律将它当作实义动词来用。例如：BE: I will get someone come.AE: I will have someone come.,三、Adj.在美国英语中，形容词的比较可以跟在all the 之后，表示强调。而英国英语则使用any 加形容词比较级这一形式来表示强调。例如：BE: Cant you do any bett

9、er than that? AE: Is that all the better you can do?,四、Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense 表示距现在不远的过去所发生或完成的事情，英国英语常用现在完成时，则美国英语则倾向于使用一般过去时。例如：BE：I have studied your report already.AE：I studied your report already.BE：Now I know what it is! Ive forgotten its name.AE：Now I know what it is! I f

10、orgot its name.,另外：美语与英语在习惯用法上也存在着明显的差异。比如，英国英语在虚拟式中往往要加should，而美语大都不用。表示有或没有的概念，英语用to have/havent got，美语则用to have/dont have；不得不、必须做什么，英语用to have got to do something，美语只须说to have to do something；,Differences in vocabulary,Past Simple/Past Participles,Dreamdreamt OR dreamed Leanleant OR leaned Learnl

11、earnt OR learned Smellsmelt OR smelled Spellspelt OR spelled Spillspilt OR spilled BurnBurnt OR burned,The following verbs have two acceptable forms of the past simple/past participle in both American and British English, however, the irregular form is generally more common in British English (the f

12、irst form of the two) and the regular form is more common to American English.,Prepositions,American English - on the weekendBritish English - at the weekend American English - on a teamBritish English - in a team American English - please write me soonBritish English - please write to me soon,The i

13、mportance of learning differences,I suggest you look them over because you never know when you may run into an American after studying British English, or when you may run into a Brit after having studied American English. I can assure you that the differences between American and British vocabulary

14、 are just enough to cause a few laughs. Well, maybe a few. misunderstandings. ;-) Whats important to remember? That both British English and American English are accepted on the examinations as long as you consistently use either one or the other. In other words, dont mix,USA - UK differences,BRITIS

15、H ENGLISH Buildings in General block of flats first floor flat ground floor lift Household Furniture camp bed chest of drawers cot cupboard curtains dresser (for plates, dishes),AMERICAN ENGLISH Buildings in General apartment building second floor apartment first floor elevator Household Furniture c

16、ot dresser crib closet drapes hutch,USA - UK differences,Meat minced meat Snacks biscuits chips crisps sweets sweetshop,Meat ground meat (hamburger) Snacks cookies French fries chips candies candy store,List of words having different meanings in British and American English,major (in the past, in En

17、glish public schools) used to denote the eldest of two or more pupils with the same surname (Bloggs major )-british meaning important or significant(n.) rank between captain and Lieutenant Colonel in the army and marines. -Meanings common to British and American English (n.) a college/university stu

18、dents main field of specialization (his major is physics); the student himself (he is a physics major); (v.) to pursue a major (he majored in physics) (compare minor; UK: compare read)(n.) rank between captain and Lieutenant Colonel in the air force (UK squadron leader) and in some police agencies (

19、UK approx. superintendent) -american meaning,office,(cap.) a government department (Colonial Office, Foreign and Commonwealth Office)(pl.) the outbuildings and dependencies of a dwelling (as an estate) a place of business; a position or functiona particular division of an administrative unit (Patent

20、 Office) the place where a physician or dentist practises (UK: surgery),The pronunciation of them,Differences in pronunciation between American English (AmE) and British English (BrE) can be divided into: Differences in accent (i.e. phoneme inventory and realisation). See differences between General

21、 American and Received Pronunciation for the standard accents in the United States and Britain; for information about other accents see regional accents of English speakers. Differences in the pronunciation of individual words in the lexicon (i.e. phoneme distribution). In this article, transcriptio

22、ns use Received Pronunciation (RP) to represent BrE and General American (GAm) and to represent AmE.,stress,ate and atory Most 2-syllable verbs ending -ate have first-syllable stress in AmE and second-syllable stress in BrE. This includes migrate, placate, prostrate, pulsate, rotate, spectate, stria

23、ted, vacate, vibrate; in the case of cremate, narrate, placate, the first vowel is in addition reduced to / in BrE. Examples where AmE and BrE match include create, debate, equate, elate, negate, orate, relate with second-syllable stress; and mandate and probate with first-syllable stress. Derived n

24、ouns in -ator may retain the distinction, but those in -ation do not. Also, migratoryA2 and vibratory retain the distinction. Most longer -ate verbs are pronounced the same in AmE and BrE, but a few have first-syllable stress in BrE and second-syllable stress in AmE: elongate, remonstrate. However,

25、some derived adjectives ending -atory have a difference, as stress shifting to -at- can occur in BrE. Among these cases are regulatoryB2, celebratoryA2, participatoryB2, where AmE stresses the same syllable as the corresponding -ate verb; and compensatory, where AmE stresses the second syllable. A f

26、urther -atory difference is laboratory: AmE /lbrtri/ and BrE /lbrt()ri/.,Affixes,-ary -ery -ory -bury, -berry, -mony Where the syllable preceding -ary,-ery or -ory is stressed, AmE and BrE alike pronounce all these endings /ri/. Where the preceding syllable is unstressed, however, AmE has a full vow

27、el rather than schwa: /ri/ for -ary and -ery and /ri/ for -ory. BrE retains the reduced vowel /ri/, or even elides it completely to /ri/. (The elision is avoided in carefully enunciated speech, especially with endings -rary,-rery,-rory.) So military is AmE /mltri/ and BrE /mltri/ or /mltri/.,Note th

28、at stress differences occur with ending -atory (explained above) and a few others like capillary (included above). A few words have the full vowel in AmE in the ending even though the preceding syllable is stressed: library, primaryA2, rosemary. Pronouncing library as /labri/ rather than /labrri/ is

29、 highly stigmatized in AmE, whereas in BrE, /labri/ is common in rapid or casual speech.,The placename component -bury has a similar difference after a stressed syllable: AmE /bri/ and BrE /br/ or /br/. The ending -mony after a stressed syllable is AmE /moni/ but BrE /mn/. The word -berry in compoun

30、ds has a slightly different distinction: in BrE, it is reduced (/bri/ or /bri/) after a stressed syllable, and may be full /bri/ after an unstressed syllable; in AmE it is usually full in all cases. Thus, strawberry is BrE /strbri/ but AmE /strbri/, while whortleberry is BrE /wtlbri/,-ile,Words endi

31、ng in unstressed -ile derived from Latin adjectives ending -ilis are mostly pronounced with a full vowel (/al/) in BrE but a reduced vowel /l/ or syllabic /l/ in AmE (e.g. fertile rhymes with fur tile in BrE but with turtle in AmE). This difference applies: generally to agile, docile, facile, fertil

32、e, fissile, fragile, futile, infertile, missile, nubile, octile, puerile, rutile, servile, stabile, sterile, tactile, tensile, virile, volatile; usually to ductile, hostile, (im)mobile (adjective), projectile, textile, utile, versatile; not usually to decile, domicile, infantile, juvenile, labile, mercantile, pensile, reptile, senile; not to crocodile, exile, gentile, percentile, reconcile; nor to compounds of monosyllables (e.g. turnstile from stile).,Related endings -ility, -ilize, -iliary are pronounced the