国际交流英语视听说

1、,Unit,8,Emotions and Personality,Book 3,Think and Discuss,Viewing the World,Exploring the Theme,Analytical Listening,Sharing Your Ideas,Engaging,Further Listening,Content,Unit 8 Emotions and Personality,Think and Discuss,Look at the girl in the picture. How do you think she feels? What factors do yo

2、u think shape a persons personality? What is the attitude toward psychologists and psychotherapy in China?,Local girls ride home-made toboggans down one of the giant sand dunes in Mui Ne, Vietnam.,Questions,Example Answers The girl is smiling, so she is probably happy and having fun with her friends

3、.,Look at the girl in the picture. How do you think she feels?,Questions,What factors do you think shape a persons personality?,Example Answer 1 I think our personality is shaped by our family as we are growing up. Our parents, especially, encourage us to be happy, or hard-working, or serious, or qu

4、ick to get angry, for example.,Questions,What factors do you think shape a persons personality?,Example Answer 2 I think our personality is shaped by our genetics. In other words, we inherit some or all of our personality from our parents and other ancestors.,Questions,What is the attitude toward ps

5、ychologists and psychotherapy in China?,Example Answers There are, or course, many different attitudes toward psychologists and psychotherapy in China. Some people have a negative attitude toward them. They might think that people with poor mental health just need to be strong and carry on. But as C

6、hinese society has undergone major changes in recent decades, other people have realized the importance of good mental health, and they think that psychologists and psychotherapy are an important part of the Chinese healthcare system.,Questions,Exploring the Theme,Unit 8 Emotions and Personality,Loo

7、k at the photos and the graphic and read the captions. Then discuss the questions. Look at the masks in the main photo. What facial expressions do you see? What percentage of people in New Zealand are thriving? In Malawi? Based on this information, would you say that happiness has more to do with we

8、alth or with other factors? Explain. What do you think the poll numbers would be for China?,Emotions and Personality,Emotions and Personality,Emotions and Personality,Emotions and Personality,Young people wearing masks pass through a mustard ( 芥菜) field on their way to a festival in Catalonia, Spain

9、.,Emotions and Personality,Gallup World Poll: an annual survey of around 160 countries around the world. It attempts to provide information about the thoughts and behaviors of people around the world. 盖洛普世界民意调查,Emotions and Personality,Australasia: the region of the world which includes Australia, N

10、ew Zealand, New Guinea, and other islands of the southern Pacific Ocean. The term means “south of Asia”. 澳大拉西亚,Emotions and Personality,Malawi: a country in the southeast of Africa. It is one of the worlds least developed countries. 马拉维（非洲东南部国家）,Emotions and Personality,Look at the masks in the main

11、 photo. What facial expressions do you see?,Example Answers Some of the facial expressions on the masks look surprised, frightened or apprehensive, happy, and angry or irritated.,Emotions and Personality,What percentage of people in New Zealand are thriving? In Malawi? Based on this information, wou

12、ld you say that happiness has more to do with wealth or with other factors? Explain.,Example Answers In New Zealand, 63% of people are thriving, and in Malawi, only 25% of people are thriving. On the other hand, people in Malawi are even happier than people in New Zealand, so Id say that money has l

13、ittle to do with wealth. It must, therefore, have more to do with other factors. On the other hand, Malawi may be an exception, and people may actually be less happy in the majority of poorer countries.,Emotions and Personality,What do you think the poll numbers would be for China?,Example Answers I

14、 think less than 30% of people in China are “thriving” economically, but Chinese people in general describe themselves as “happy” or “neither happy nor unhappy”. That means Chinas situation may be more comparable to Malawis than to New Zealands. Even though Chinas poll numbers for wealth are fairly

15、low, I think the poll numbers for happiness are average or above average.,Emotions and Personality,Analytical Listening,Unit 8 Emotions and Personality,Nancy Morales 南希莫拉莱斯（人名） Eugene Bateman 尤金贝特曼（人名） trigger v.引发，激发,Listening 1,Are human beings born with a fear of certain things such as this snake

16、, or do we learn from the people around us what we should fear?,Listening 1,Rhesus monkeys are sometimes used for scientific research.,Listening 1,Before Listening,Listening 1,Predicting Content. You are going to hear an interview about fear on a radio talk show. What aspects of fear do you think wi

17、ll be discussed? Share your ideas with a partner.,Example Answers The people on the radio talk show might discuss different things people are afraid of, for example snakes, the dark, or high places. They might also discuss whether these fears are rational, and whether we learn to be afraid of them o

18、r were born being afraid of them.,Listening 1,A | Listening for Main Ideas. Read the questions. Then listen to the interview and answer the questions.,A Radio Interview,Listening,Listening 1,1. What are the two speakers professions? _ 2. What question do they want to answer? _ 3. What is the answer

19、to the question you identified in question 2? _ 4. What kind of evidence does the man give for his answer? _,Answer Keys 1. One person is a radio talk-show host and the other is a psychologist and researcher at a university. 2. They want to know whether we learn to be afraid of certain things, or if

20、 we inherit something from our ancestors that triggers our fear. 3. What we inherit is a tendency to fear certain thingsthe same things our ancient ancestors feared. On the other hand, we have to learn from others around us as well.,Listening 1,To be continued ,Answer Keys (Continued) 4. He describe

21、s a study in which lab monkeys that had no fear of snakes developed a fear of snakes after watching videos of wild monkeys acting afraid of snakes. When the lab monkeys watched videos of wild monkeys that appeared to be afraid of flowers, however, the lab monkeys did not develop a fear of flowers.,L

22、istening 1,B | Listening for Details. Read the statements. Then listen again and check () T for true or F for false. Correct the false statements.,Listening 1,To be continued ,B | Listening for Details. Read the statements. Then listen again and check () T for true or F for false. Correct the false

23、statements.,Listening 1,Answer Keys 1. T 2. F (He mentions a hungry lion.) 3. F (We can infer that its partly learned and partly inherited.) 4. F (The monkeys did not develop a fear of flowers.) 5. F (What we inherit is a tendency to fear the same things our ancestors feared.),Listening 1,Listening

24、1,After Listening,A | Summarizing. Talk to your partner about the experiments with monkeys. What did the researchers do and what did they learn from the experiments?,Example Answers A study was done in which lab monkeys that had no fear of snakes developed a fear of snakes after watching videos of w

25、ild monkeys acting afraid of snakes. When the lab monkeys watched videos of wild monkeys that appeared to be afraid of flowers, however, the lab monkeys did not develop a fear of flowers.,Listening 1,B | Ranking Information. Form a group with another pair of students. Read the list of things that mi

26、ght cause fear, add one idea of your own, and then rank them from 1 (the most frightening) to 7 (the least frightening) according to the level of fear they cause you. Discuss any differences of opinion.,_ seeing a mouse, a large spider, etc. _ swimming in the ocean _ taking an important exam _ going

27、 alone to a social event such as a party _ flying on an airplane _ speaking or performing in front of a large group _ your groups idea: _,Listening 1,Example Answers (Answers may vary.) Seeing a mouse, a large spider, etc. is frightening because they move quickly and they can bite. Swimming in the o

28、cean is frightening because strong currents can cause people to drown and dangerous sea animals can hurt or kill people. Taking an important exam is frightening because the exam can have major consequences, which can be positive or negative; for example, getting into a good university (or not) or ma

29、king ones parents proud (or not).,Listening 1,To be continued ,Example Answers (Continued) Going alone to a social event such as a party is frightening because we dont want to be embarrassed, and it can be uncomfortable to meet new people and think of interesting topics of conversation. Flying on an

30、 airplane is frightening because planes sometimes crash and people can be hurt or killed when that happens. Speaking or performing in front of a large group is frightening because we might not remember what we want to say, or the audience might not like us.,Listening 1,To be continued ,Example Answe

31、rs (Continued) Our groups idea: Going to see a doctor or dentist is frightening because they sometimes have to do something painful, and we dont want to feel pain.,Listening 1,Listening 1,C | Discussion. Discuss the questions with your group.,1. Do you think all human emotions are universal, or are

32、some of them specific to certain cultures? 2. In certain European countries, it is customary to kiss once on each cheek when meeting an acquaintance or a friend. In China, however, it is customary to wave from a short distance when departing from friends, co-workers and even close family members. Ca

33、n we conclude that Chinese people purposely choose to avoid showing their emotions? Why or why not?,Example Answer 1 I think all human emotions are universal because human beings are all the same kind of creature, with similar bodies and similar experiences. These emotions are simply human nature, a

34、nd they are expressed in the art and literature of any culture.,1. Do you think all human emotions are universal, or are some of them specific to certain cultures?,Listening 1,Example Answer 2 I think some human emotions are specific to certain cultures because not every culture places the same valu

35、e on everything or thinks about everything in the same way. Shame or embarrassment, for example, depend on our cultures ideas about what causes those emotions, and we learn those ideas when we grow up within a certain culture.,1. Do you think all human emotions are universal, or are some of them spe

36、cific to certain cultures?,Listening 1,Example Answer 1 I think we can conclude that Chinese people choose not to show their emotions because when greeting people, the Chinese maintain more physical distance. This indicates a desire to maintain emotional distance as well.,2. Can we conclude that Chi

37、nese people purposely choose to avoid showing their emotions? Why or why not?,Listening 1,Example Answer 2 I think we cannot come to this conclusion based on this information. Customary greetings are not the same as showing emotions. They dont say anything about how much respect or affection we have

38、 for other people, except perhaps when we dont follow the customs, which can seem disrespectful.,2. Can we conclude that Chinese people purposely choose to avoid showing their emotions? Why or why not?,Listening 1,It can be difficult to talk about emotions, but it can also help to build friendships

39、and let people know what were feeling, especially when something is wrong. When talking about difficult topics, modifying our words in order to soften or minimize them can be helpful. Here are some useful words and expressions we can use. kind of sort of a little a bit just,Listening 1,Radio Host: W

40、elcome back to Talk Radio ten ninety-four. Im your host, Nancy Morales, and were talking today with Dr. Eugene Bateman, a psychologist from the National University. Good morning, Dr. Bateman. Guest: Good morning, Nancy. Thank you for having me. Radio Host: Thank you for being here. Now, your researc

41、h area is the human fear response, or more specifically, the question of whether we learn to be afraid of certain things, or if we inherit something from our ancestors that triggers our fear.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Guest: Thats right, Nancy, and were talking about our distant, distant ancestor

42、speople who lived a long time agotens of thousands of years ago. Back then, reacting quickly to something like a, like a falling rock or a hungry lion was a good quality in a human being. It meant that he or she was more likely to survive, more likely to live long enough to have children, and more l

43、ikely to pass on their genes to their children. Radio Host: OK, but people today dont have to deal with hungry lions very often. So, what does the fear response do for us?,To be continued ,Listening 1,Guest: Well, it still keeps us out of trouble and helps us to survive. Imagine that youre driving a

44、 car, and the car in front of you suddenly stops. Theres a series of events that takes place in our brains that makes our bodies reactin this case, by putting our foot on the brakesthat takes place before we even realize what is happening. It all happens much faster than our conscious thought proces

45、ses. Radio Host: That sounds like a pretty useful phenomenon. Does it confirm that we do inherit our knowledge of what to fear from our ancient ancestors? Guest: Yes, and no. Some interesting experiments were conducted with monkeys that were raised in a laboratory. These monkeys had zero experience

46、with being outdoors, right? So theythe researchersshowed the monkeys some snakes.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Radio Host: And were the lab monkeys afraid of the snakes? Guest: Not at all, at leastnot at first. Then the researchers showed the monkeys videos of wild monkeys having a fearful reaction

47、to snakes. After that, the lab monkeys became afraid of snakes too as they learned to associate the sight of a snake with a fearful reaction. Radio Host: So they learned the fear from the wild monkeys, in a sense. Guest: Thats right, but heres the interesting part. When the researchers changed the v

48、ideos so that the wild monkeys appeared to be afraid of flowers, the lab monkeys developed no fear of flowers at all! Radio Host: Huh . smart monkeys.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Guest: Exactly, and thats where the inherited aspect of fear comes into the picture. What we inherit is a tendency to fe

49、ar certain thingsthe same things our ancient ancestors feared. On the other hand, we have to learn from others around us as well; otherwise, the fear response doesnt occur. Radio Host: That is very interesting. Fear seems like such a basic response. It wouldnt have occurred to me that we would need

50、to learn it from anyone. And is it the same for people as for monkeys? Guest: It seems to be, yes, but thats exactly the question that my research is hoping to answer. Radio Host: Then I wish you luck with your research. Ladies and gentlemen, Dr. Eugene Bateman. Guest: Thank you. Thanks very much, N

51、ancy.,Listening 1,Listening 2,caterer n. （聚会、会议等的）酒席承办者，饮食提供者 extroverted a. 性格外向的 introverted a. 性格内向的；不善交际的,Critical Thinking. In the Gallup World Poll, social relationships were found to play a large part in peoples happiness. Form a group with two to four other students. Read the list of relatio

52、nships and discuss the questions.,Before Listening,Listening 2, relationships between parents and children relationships with personal friends relationships among siblings relationships with co-workers relationships with neighbors relationships with classmates and teachers relationships within coupl

53、es other: _,Listening 2,Critical Thinking.,Listening 2,1. Whats the nature of each kind of relationship? For example, are they close relationships or casual ones? Are they important for a short time or situation in our lives, or for a long time? What are some characteristics of each type of relation

54、ship? 2. How important is each kind of relationship in your own life? Explain.,Example Answers for Q1 Gloria greeting them and telling her story, etc. You do not need to act out the conversation after the party, only the party itself. 3. Practice the role-play using your own words to act out the sce

55、nes. You do not need to write out what youre going to say, but you should speak the way your character would speak.,Listening 2,To be continued ,Example Answers,Listening 2,B | Presentation. Get together with another group who will be the audience for your role-play. Perform your role-play for the o

56、ther group.,Listening 2,C | Discussion. After everyone has finished doing their role-plays, discuss the questions as a group.,1. Was it easy or difficult for you to play the character you were assigned? Why or why not? 2. What did you learn from doing the role-play? For example, did it increase your

57、 comprehension of the listening passage? Did it lead you to think more deeply about each characters personality?,Example Answer 1 It was easy to play my character because Im extroverted like my character. I could just be myself.,1. Was it easy or difficult for you to play the character you were assi

58、gned? Why or why not?,Listening 2,Example Answer 2 It was difficult to play my character because I was supposed to be the manager, and I had to say a lot.,1. Was it easy or difficult for you to play the character you were assigned? Why or why not?,Listening 2,Example Answers Doing the role-play did

59、make me listen to the conversation more carefully in order to re-create the scenes from the party and understand each character. I also learned that using our imagination to expand on the information in the listening helped us to re-create the party. For most of the students, the role-play activity was a lot of fun.,2. What did you learn from doing the role-play? For example, did it increase your com