主谓一致课件上课版.ppt

1、,The singer and dancer _ on the stage.,is,The gift is used to have western meals. What is it?,a knife and fork,A knife and fork is used to have meals.,The group _ made up of nine students.,The group_ dancing happily.,is,are,The team _ some good players. (have) The team _ handsome. (be),has,are,主谓一致,

2、一.概念: 主谓一致是指： 1） 语法一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2） 意义一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语. 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如： There is much water in the thermos(热水瓶). 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.,二.相关知识点精讲 1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如： Reading and wr

3、iting are very important. 读写很重要。 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如： The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 典型例题 The League secretary(团支部书记) and monitor（班长）_ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. isB. was C. are D. were 答案B.

4、注： 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。,2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如： There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。 There are

5、twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。 2）当either or 与neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如： Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。,3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主

6、语有with, together with（和）, like, except, but, no less than（正如）, as well as（和） 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如： The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。 He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。,4. 谓语需用单数的情况 1）代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, ev

7、ery时, 谓语需用单数。例如： Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。 There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。 2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如： The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。 3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如： Three weeks was allowed for making the

8、 necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。 Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。,5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如： All is right.一切顺利。 All are present.人都到齐了。 2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience(听众, 观众), crew(工作人员), crowd, class, company(一群), committee等词

9、后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如： His family isnt very large. 他家成员不多。 His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。 但集合名词people, police, cattle(牲畜), poultry(家禽)等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：Are there any police around? 3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion(比例), majority(多数) 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如： A numb

10、er of +名词复数+复数动词。 The number of +名词复数+单数动词。 A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English.,6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况 1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of(许多), lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如： Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。 Most of the stud

11、ents are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。 2）用a portion of(一部分), a series of, a pile of, a panel of(小组) 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如： A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。 A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。 3）如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more

12、than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如： Many a person has read the novel.许多人读过这本书。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。,(6)population 人口的用法 表示一个地区人口的总数，用单数谓语动词，若population由百分数或分数修饰，谓语动词用复数形式。 The population of Fujian province is less than 100 million. 福建省的人口不超过1亿。 Eighty

13、 percent of the population of the city are workers. 这个城市80%的人口是工人。,4其他情况下的主谓一致 (1)当定语从句中关系代词who, which, that作主语时，谓语由先行词的数决定。先行词是“one ofn. (pl.)”时从句谓语动词用复数，若one前有the, the only或the very修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 Do you know the students who are standing there? 你认识站在那边的那些学生吗？ Do you know the student who is speaking

14、at the meeting? 你认识在会议上讲话的那个学生吗？,(2)what和whatever引导主语从句时谓语动词的单复数根据从句所表达的意义上的数确定。the following的谓语一般由它后面所接的表语的数来决定。其他从句作主语时谓语动词用单数。 What they need is just rest. 他们所需要的就是休息。 What we want urgently are some grammar books. 我们迫切想要的是语法书。,三.巩固练习 （ ） 1. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of th

15、em _ absent for different reasons. A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were （ ） 2. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play （ ） 3. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fi

16、fth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are （ ） 4. Ten minutes _ a long time for one who waits. A. seem B. seems C. seemed D. are seemed （ ） 5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _ a driving license. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having,（ ） 6. Joy and Sorrow _ next-door nei

17、ghbours. A. is B. are C. were D. be （ ）7. In my opinion, some of the news _ unbelievable. A. are B. is C. has been D. have been （ ）8. When _ the United Nations founded? A. is B. are C. was D. were （ ）9. Every possible means _ . A. has tried B. has been tried C. was tried D. were tried （ ） 10. What s

18、he says and does _ nothing to do with me. A. was B. were C. has D. have,1.The research group (is, are) made up of five people.,2.What (do, does) the group want for their lunch?,3.Our family (is, are) not poor any more.,4.He has to worry. His family (is, are) waiting for him.,is,do,is,are,Not only yo

19、u but also he _ wrong. (is/are),There _ two shops and a cinema beside the railway station. (is/are),is,are,Mr. Black , as well as two women, _ at the office.,is,Mr. Black,1. The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . (was / were),2.E-mail, as well as the telephones, _ an important part in dail

20、y communication.,A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play,was,A,Tom is one of the students who_good at playing football. Tom is the only one of the students who_ good at playing football.,are,is,1).To hold the Olympic Games_ a rich prize for a country. (be),2). Choosing what to eat _ no l

21、onger as easy as it once was.,is,is,What we need _ more time and more materials. What we need _ teachers.,3),is,are,is,A million dollars _(is/are) really a lot of money. Sixty years a long time. Three thousand miles a long distance. Fifty kilogrammes not too heavy to be carried.,is,is,is,主谓一致,There

22、is a pair of shoes in the box.,1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe 2Neither my wife nor I _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe,3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe 4Not the teacher，but

23、 the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe,5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been 6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come,7No one except my parents _ anything about this. Aknow Bknows Cis k

24、nown Dare known 8The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading 9All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed,10. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. has not been decided B. are not decided C. h

25、as not decided D. have not decided,11. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 12. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is

26、 D. Two fifths; are,13. The results of the examination _that you have all made great _ . A. show; progress B. shows; progress C. show; progresses D. shows; progresses14.Here _ a new pair of shoes for you. A. is B. are C. have D. has,高考链接 体验,1.Such poets as Shakespeare widely read，of whose works，howe

27、ver，some difficult to understand Aare；are Bis；is Care；is Dis：are 【答案】A 【解析】 考查主谓一致。主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。,2.It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being bu

28、ilt 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。从时间状语at present可判断出用现在时，“many a+单数可数名词”虽然表示复数意思，但要用单数谓语。,3.-Is everyone here? -Not yetLook , there_ the rest of our guests! A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处所在句子为倒装句，the rest of our guests作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式；此处叙述的又是现在的事实，所以用一般现在时。come用于进行时通常用来表示

29、按照计划或安排将要发生的动作，因此D项不恰当。,4.Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have 【答案】 C 【解析】考察主谓一致和时态。根据动名词短语作主语，句中的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除BD，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A，选C。,考点梳理 精讲,要点知识 点拨,误区警示 透析,主谓一致问题易错点 Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and

30、girl in the area invited. A. wereB. have been C. has beenD. was,根据语法知识可知，当“every.and(every) .”结构在句中作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式， 故选项A和B首先被排除;又由于问句中的时态为一 般过去时态,根据时态一致原则,可以将C项也排除。 故本题的正确答案为D项。,【解题探究】 D。在主谓一致问题中，除了“every.and(every).”结构有这种用法外，“each.and(each).”，“no.and(no).”等结构也具有相同的用法。 No teacher and (no) student is

31、going. 老师和学生都不去。 Each boy and (each) girl is treated in the same way. 男孩和女孩被用同样的方式对待。,另外，考生还应知道，“many a+可数名词单数”，“more than one+可数名词单数”等结构作主语时，谓语动词也要用单数形式。 More than one person has been concerned in this. 这件事情牵涉到的不止一个人 Many a member has protested against the proposal. 许多成员反对这个建议,过 关 落 实,1A survey of

32、the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. Ashow；are Bshows；is Cshow；is Dshows；are 解析：“a survey”作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离，金 钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。 答案：B 2We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimporta

33、nt. Ais Bare Chas been Dhave been 解析：主语是“the time”，故谓语动词用单数。 答案：A,3The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 解析：此处onethird 指one third of 20 notebook computers，故为复 数；与now相对，用过去时。 答案：D 4Most of what has been

34、 said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons. Aare Bis Cbeing Dto be 解析:主语为“大部分对Smith 夫妇的说法”,看成单数,谓语动词用is。 答案：B 5A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 解析：a poet and artist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。 答案：A,6The father as well

35、 as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. Ais going Bgo Cgoes Dare going 解析：主语仍为the father，单数形式；as well as his three children 作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。 答案：C 7_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. ATwo fifth；is BTwo fifth；are CTwo fifths；is DTwo fifths；are 解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语为 land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。 答案：C,8Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear. Ais used Bare used Chas been used Dhave been used 解析：every possible means每一种可行的方式；means单复数同形， 此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在