动词的语态（共19张PPT）.ppt

1、动词的语态,一.知识再现 1. 语态概述 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如： Many people speak English. 很多人说英语。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。如： English is spoken by many people. 英语被很多人说。(English是动词speak的承受者),2.被动语态的主体结构 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(P.P)”构成。,3. 主动语态和被动语态的转化 口诀： 宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动 变换步骤： （1）.将主动句的宾语变为主语。 特别提醒：如果主动句的

2、宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. 汤姆杀了 他。,（2）.将动词改为“be+过去分词”。 特别提醒：be动词与新主语相一致。时态不变。如： They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）.将主动语态的主语改为by.，放在谓语动词后。 特别提醒：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如： He sang a song. A song was sung by him.他唱了一首歌。,转换图示：,4.常见

3、时态的被动结构如下： （1）.一般现在时的被动语态： am/are/is (not) + 过去分词 People play football all over the world. Football is played by people all over the world. （2）.一般过去时的被动语态： was/were (not) + 过去分词 Someone stole my watch. My watch was stolen by someone.,（3）.一般将来时的被动语态： will (not) + be + 过去分词 We will write a letter next

4、 class. A letter will be written by us next class. （4）.含有情态动词的被动语态： must/ should/can (not) + be + 过去分词 We should finish our homework on time. Our homework should be finished on time.,5. 被动语态的用法 在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于以下几种情况： 不知道动作的执行者是谁，往往不用by 短语如： The front window in the classroom was broken yesterda

5、y. 昨天教室的前窗被打破了。 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如： Many trees should be planted every year. 每年都应该种很多树。, 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如: Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人在说汉语。 为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如： It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。 有些动词习惯上常用被动语态。 如： He was b

6、orn in 1995.,二.知识拓展 1.不及物动词及连系动词不能用于被动语态 常见词有：happen,take place,look,sound,feel, smell ,taste, belong等。 如: The story happened on a cold night. 这个故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。 The food tasted delicious. 这种食物尝起来很美味 2.在主动语态中省“to”的动词不定式，在被动语态中要加“to” 常见的有感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役动词let，make，have等。 如：He made his

7、 horse work all day.(变为被动语态) His horse was made to work all day. 他让马儿工作了一整天。,例：1. We often hear Lily sing in the room. Lily is often _in the room. 2. He made the workers work 10 hours a day. The workers was_10 hours a day. 口诀： 这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（hear, let，have, make, see, watch),heard to sin

8、g,made to work,三.中考挑战,1.(2009广东)The new library last week. A.was completed B.is completed C.completed D.has completed 2.(2014广东)Although Flight MH370 has been missing for months, I do believe it some day in the future. A.will find B.wont find C.will be found D.wont be found 3.(2011广东)People who drin

9、k wine to drive. A.dont allow B.isnt allowed C.mustnt allow D.mustnt be allowed 4.(2014重庆市)Keep quiet, please! Talking during the meeting. A.is not allowed B.is allowed C.doesnt allow D.allows,5.(2014北京)A new hospital in my town next year. A.built B.built C.is built D.will be built 6.(2014河南)When Ti

10、m why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A.was asked B.asked C.was asking D.is asking 7. (2014湖北咸宁)Food safety is very important. So some rules to stop people from polluting food. A.must make B.must be made C.must made D.be made,四.知识应用 ( )1. Look, what have they done? Sorry.I think if I an

11、other chance, Ill do it better. A.Give B.will be given C.will give D.am given ( )2. Drunken drive is dangerous, isnt it? Yeah.That why drunken drivers to prison(监狱） even without causing accidents. A.sent B.are sent C.send D.are sending ( )3. It will be two days before the decision . A.has made B.wil

12、l be made C.was made D.is made ( )4. Did you go to Jims birthday party？No, I . A.havent invited B.didnt invite C.am not invited D.wasnt invited,D,B,D,D,( )5. Last year, Shenzhou-10 into the space.It made us proud. A.is sent B.was sent C.sends D.sent ( )6. Our classroom every day. So it is.Its our du

13、ty to keep it clean and tidy. A.cleans B.is cleaning C.is cleaned D.will be cleaned ( )7. In order to make our hometown more beautiful, trees_ around the city next year. A.plant B.are planted C.will plant D.will be planted ( )8. Its reported that the bad man the day after tomorrow. A.is killed B.wil

14、l kill C.will be killed D.is going to kill,B,C,C,D,( )9. the trees in the park next Saturday? A.Will, be planted B.Will be, planted C.Are, planted D.Will, plant ( )10. Its difficult for the village children to cross the river to get to schoolWe think a bridge over the river Awas built Bshould be bui

15、lt Chas been built Dis being built ( )11. The sick boy to the hospital as soon as possible. A.may be taken B.must be taken C.was taken D.cant be taken ( )12. The work in three hours.Lets hurry. A.must finish B.will finish C.must be finished D.is finished,C,A,B,B,( )13. When should I hand in (上交）my paper? Your paper must after school. A.hand B.hand in; C. handed in D.be handed in ( )14. If you see the cartoon film, you will laugh. A.be made B.be made to C.make to D .make ( )15. Youd better