情态动词专升本复习

1、,情态动词,Modal verbs,常用的情态动词,can （could） may（might） shall（should） will （would） must（must） dare （dared） need （need）,have to ought to be able to used to,The feature（特点） of the modal verbs: 1. 情态动词本身有词义, 但词义不完全. 2. 不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语. 3. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化( 除“have to”). 4. 没有不定式、V-ing 、V-ed 形式.,He can/could

2、/must/may/might/shall/ should/need/dare/dared/will/would/ought to/ used to + work in that factory.,He has to go home now.,He had to look after his sick mother.,在情态动词的使用中, 我们要注意以下考点:,1. 情态动词的基本用法。 2. 情态动词+have +P.P的用法。 3. 情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。 4. 情态动词的反意疑问句的用法。 5. 情态动词特殊短语的用法。 6. 情态动词表推测的用法归纳,1.表“能力”,Can yo

3、u lift this heavy box? I couldnt understand what he said at all.,注意：be able to 表示经过一番努力后,才能做得到的“能力”.且有多种时态. 表示成功完成某一具体工作时，用was/were able to, 而不用could.,The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to,can ,could的用法,2.表“请求,许可” could用来表示请求

4、的时候比can 更委婉,Can you help me with my English? He said I could borrow his bike. Could I use your bike?, Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _A. might B. will C. can D. should,3.表“可能性”,can ,could 用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，“经验之谈” As a human being, anyone can make a mistake. can ,could用在疑问句中表推测,表示可能

5、性 What on earth can this mean? can ,could用在否定句中表推测，翻译成“不可能 ”,We thought the story couldnt be true.,1. Mary _ be in Paris，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago Amustnt Bcant Cshouldnt Dmay not,2. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would,1.表“询问”

6、 (might比用may更客气.),May I ? (=Can I ?) Might I ? (=Could I ?) May I borrow your book?,may与might用法,May I pick a flower in the garden? _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont,注意： may I ? 的答语. 肯定: Yes, you may . 否定: No, you mustnt (语气强硬) No, you may not. 或 No, youd better n

7、ot.,2.表“许可”,You may take the boy there He said that I might use his telephone., Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. could,3.表推测，表示主观上的推测，“可能，也许”，不用于疑问句, might比may的可能性更小,She may not like this place. Im afraid he might not like this place.,Peter come with us tonight，b

8、ut he isnt very sure yet Amust Bmay Ccan Dwill,1.must 表示主观上的必须，应该，没有时态变化。 You must do everything as I do.,注意: Must I finish my homework today? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.,must 的用法,“必须、不得不” must表示的是说话人的主观看法。 have to 表示的是客观需要。（是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。）

9、(have got to) have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。 You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army. I have to be at my office every evening.,1. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C. must D. will 2. Must he come to sign this p

10、aper himself? Yes, he_. A. need B. must C. may D. will,3. Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _work at inconvenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must,2. must表示肯定的推测,常指有根据的、比较有把握的推测。 The light is still on, so he must be at home.,Look at his ne

11、w car. He _ have a lot of money. A. should B. shall C. may D. must,3.must表示“一定要”、“坚持” “偏要”、“偏偏” 。表示与说话人的愿望相反. If you must go，at least wait till the storm is over Must you make so much noise？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？,May I smoke here ? If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. mu

12、st,4. mustnt 表示禁止做某事。 You mustnt smoke in the office.,When I was young , I was told that I _ play with matches. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent,shall作助动词，只用于第一人称，表示将来，should 是shall 的过去式We shall start for Beijing tomorrow.,shall作情态动词 1： 用于第一人称和第三人称，表示征求对方意见或请求指示 Shall we begin our lesson? Sh

13、all I/she sit here?,shall与should用法,-Sir, _ he go or stay? -Let him go. A. will B. shall C. might D. could,2: shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的允诺、警告、威胁、命令、决心等。You wanted justice, so you shall get justice, more than you wanted. You shall have a nice present for your birthday. You shall be sorry for what you have

14、done. When he comes in nobody shall say a word. Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.,(允诺),(允诺),(警告),(命令),(决心),1. It has been announced that candidates(候选人) _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall 2. Excuse me, but I want to use y

15、our computer to type a report. You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt,3). shall用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。,“The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge. A. may B. should C.

16、must D. shall,1. should= ought to 表示劝告，建议，意为“应该”， ought to 语气更强些，强调“有责任，有义务做”，否定形式：ought not to/oughtnt to,A: Ill start the work tomorrow. B: I think you should start today. C: No, you ought to start at once. (语气更强）,should / ought to的否定形式表示“不应该” Children shouldnt smoke.,Hows your tour around the Nor

17、th Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. will B. would C. should D. must What time ought I _? Aarrived Barriving Carrive Dto arrive He _ speak to his mother like that. Aought not to Bdoesnt ought to Cnot ought to Dought to not,2. should 可表示说话人的感情如 “惊奇” “愤怒” “失望” “不满”等，翻译为“竟

18、然，居然” Idontbelievethatthelittlegirlshouldspeak twodifferentlanguages! 我不相信这个小女孩竟然能说两种不同的语言！,I cant believe my eyes. Such well-educated gentleman _ behave like this! would B. should C. can D. must,3. should表推测, 意为“可能；该”, 相当于be expected to。往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性”进行描述，语气上不如must强。 Mr. Black must

19、be home by now. Mr. Black ought to / should be home by now.,布莱克先生现在一定到家了。（肯定）,布莱克先生估计是到家了。（不能肯定）,2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12：00 Acan Bshould Cmight Dneed,3. Its nearly seven oclockJack _ be here at any moment Amust Bneed Cshould Dcan,1. Wi

20、ll Mr. Wang offer us a hand? He _ be glad toHe never refused our request Acan Bmust Cmay Dshould,1. will 作情态动词用时在陈述句中可用各人称作主语, 表示其 “意志” “意愿” “决心”等.I will never do that again. I will give up smoking., Dont forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. No, I. A. dont B. cant C. wont D. couldnt,will

21、 和would 的用法,2. will在疑问句中用第二人称作主语, 表示说话人向对方提出请示或询问. 不如would委婉 Will /Would you pass me the book? Will he pay for me? Would you like to come with us?,3. will有时表示一种习惯动作或状态或自然规律. (表示习惯, 经常性, 倾向性)惯于, 总是(会), 终归是 。 Boys will be boys. 男孩终归是男孩。 Matches will not strike if they are damp. 火柴潮湿就擦不着。,The door _ op

22、en.这门经常打不开。,wont,would 可用于各人称, 表示过去时间的 “意志” “愿望” 和 决心”. 2. would 表示说话人本身的 “意志” 或向对方提出 “请求.,3. would 还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作.,He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.,（现在可能散步也可能不散步了）,used to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。,He would take a walk near the forest in the evening.,（而现在不散步了）,Ronald _ stay

23、in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. would,Attention:,very uncertain,almost certain,might,should,must,may,could,ought to,will,1.He _ be at home.,2.He _ be at home, for he just called me from his home 15 seconds ago.,A.may B.might C.must,A.may B.mi

24、ght C.must,(can),5.Making requests (提出要求):,will can could would,informal,formal,1.作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。,Dare (need) +S +V S + darent (neednt) +V,I darent walk through the forest at night. Dare you walk through the forest at night? You neednt return the book now. Need he do it all at once?,可兼做行为动词的情态动

25、词：need 、 dare,dare ,need 的用法,2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中, 有人称、时态、和数的变化,He needs to go there himself. He has grown up,we dont need to worry about him.,3.Sth (sb) need( want, require)+ doing/ to be done(被动语态) The house needs cleaning/ to be cleaned The boy needs sending to the hospital at once.,1.I wonder how he

26、 _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 2.I wonder how she the drunken sailor the other day.A. dare fighting off B. dared fight off C. dare to fight off D. dared fighting off 3.The dog hibernate(冬眠) in winter.A. dont need B. doesnt need to C. needs not to D

27、. needs not,注意对need问句的回答: -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.,you must,you neednt,you dont have to,neednt 对其它情态动词的回答: -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. -Must we do it now? -No, you _.,neednt (dont have to),neednt (dont have to),1. must + have + 过去分词，表示现在对过去事物的推测。,情态动词+have +

28、 P.P.,He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。 Its six oclock already, we must have been late again. 已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了,2. cant/couldnt+have+P.P表示对过去某事的否定猜测 He couldnt have been to that town.,3. may(might)+ have+P.P, 表示对过去事情的猜测, 认为某事“可能”发生. (might比may更含蓄,或更不肯定.) He may (might) have playe

29、d electric game on TV the whole night. (For he looks very sleepy.),could+have+P.P a.表示本来能做得到, 但事实上未做到 can+have+P.P b. 表示对过去事情的推测(只用于疑问句) He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came. He didnt come back last night . What could have happened to him？,4. should/ ought to + have +P.P.

30、过去本该做，而事实上却没有做，表 “责备” 或 “惋惜”,should not / ought not to + have + P.P. 过去本不该做，而事实上却做了，表 “责备” 或 “惋惜”,The plant is dead. I should have given it more water. You should not have left your baby alone in the house.,5. neednt + have + P.P.表示本来不必做，但做了. She need not have attend the meeting yesterday, but she d

31、id. (她昨天本不必参加会议，可她参加了.),1. The river is rising. It _last night. must be raining B. must rain C. might have rained D. must have rained 2. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been,3.- We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. - He it.A. mustnt ha

32、ve attended B. cannot have attendedC. neednt have attended D. would have not attended,4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been,5. You yesterday if you were really

33、serious about your work.A. ought to come B. ought to be comingC. ought to have come D. ought have come 6. You _ all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant. A. didnt need to carry B. neednt have carried C. neednt carry D. didnt need carry,7.Mr. Wh

34、ite _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving,8. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told,Practice,1. Helen _ go

35、on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can 2. -Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. -It _ Harrys. He always wears green. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be 3. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers_ not like the

36、design of the furniture. A. must B. shall C. may D. need,4. Children under 12 years of age in that country_ be under adult supervision when in a public library. A. must B. may C. can D. need 5. The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, declared the jud

37、ge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall 6. I _ pay Tom a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should B. might C. would D. could,7. -I dont mind telling you what I know. -You _. Im not asking you for it. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 8. -Excuse me, but I want to use

38、your computer to type a report. -You_ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt 9. -Excuse me. Is that the right way to the Summer Palace? -Sorry, Im not sure, but it _ be. A. might B. will C. must D. can,10. I often see lights in that empty house. Do

39、you think I _report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can 11. You _ be tired-youve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not 12. -Who is the girl standing over there? - Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall,13. There_ be any di

40、fficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt 14. -Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. - She _. Ive already borrowed one. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt,15. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, h

41、e wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant 16. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt 17. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. A. should put B. could have put C. might put D.

42、 must have put,18. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need 19. I was on the highway when his car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour. should have been doing B. must have been C. could have done D. would have done 20. -

43、 Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? - Something _ to him. A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened,21. - Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. - Well. He _ have gone far-his coat is still here. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. ca

44、nt D. wouldnt 22. - Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. - Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done,23. - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. -Oh, dear! She _ a lot

45、of difficulties! A. may go though B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone though 24. - Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. -You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told,用于虚拟语气的情态动词:,should might could would neednt ought t

46、o,情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法,should 用在 suggest, propose, advise， order， demand， request， desire， insist 等表示“建议”、“要求”、“命令”、“决定”、“主张”等动词后面接的宾语从句中。这里的 should 也可以省略。 He suggested/ proposed/ demanded/ advised that they （should） read the rules carefully. 他建议 / 提议 / 要求 / 劝告他们要仔细阅读这些规则。,should用在“ It is desired/ suggeste

47、d/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ decided ”之后由 that 引导的主语从句中， should 也可以省略。,It is requested that Miss Yang （should） give a performance at the party. 人们要求杨小姐在聚会上表演一个节目。,should 用在 suggestion， motion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， request， decision， 等名词后面接的表语从句或同位语从句中， should 也可以省略。 We all agreed

48、 to his suggestion （proposal） that we （should） go to Nanjing for a visit. 我们都同意他提出的要我们 到南京去游览的建议。 （ should 用于同位语从句中）,should 用在“ It is / was necessary/ important/ strange/ incredible ”或“ It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder ”之后由 that 引导的主语从句中， should 有“应该”、“必须”、“竟然”、“居然”之意。,It is necessary that he （shoul

49、d） be sent there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。,But for和 without 引出虚拟语气 1. Without electricity human life _quite different today. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be,2. But for your help, we _ the task on time. do not finish B. will not finish C. would not have finished D. would not finish,情态动词短语的使用

50、: would like to do would rather do would rather + 从句 would prefer to do. had better do.,情态动词特殊短语用法,can和 could 的一些固定搭配 1.cant/couldnt help doing 忍不住；不禁 He cant help laughing. 2.cant/couldnt but + 动词原形 只好 ；不得不 I couldnt but admit that he was right and I was wrong. 我不得不承认他对了，我错了。 3.cannot/couldnt too + 副词/形容词; cannot/couldnt +副词/形容词 + enough 无论也不过分； 越越好 You cant be too careful when crossing the street. I cannot thank you enough. 我对你感激不尽。,may 和might 的某些固定搭配 may well + 动词原形 理应 ；有足够的理由 We may well say