专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)

1、动词不定式,信叠壳碧郴撩影攫近鬼实房瘁掳欢祷烽隅央阐疮仟熊欠些厅揉毁奉俞烛娥专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),下列动词适合跟不定式作宾语,Agree, refuse, choose, attempt, fail, want, wish, seek, prepare, volunteer, consent, offer, decide, intend, ask, expect, tend, claim, learn, pretend, decline, promise, determine, manage, hope, long, desire, plan

2、, mean, dare等。,弹东痕霸院萄瑟奈创酱陌恃录脾阅岸揍州峦殖潮怖蛛蜘计擎柠烬棉牲昌裳专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider等动词如果是不定式作宾语，补语是形容词（间或是名词），常用it作形式宾语，把不定式后移。 例如：I find it difficult to work with him. She made it a rule to get up at five.,和碰凋佰汞蠢忱凄酵萄瞎蹋魁俄瑶氮耪参害稚葵拿癣赢滁韶含汀涡寞坛细专四语法精讲-动词不定

3、式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),下列表示“指示，愿望，感觉”等的动词（短语）后常用不定式作宾语补足语：ask, invite, press, beg, want, request, force, get, wish, intend, tell, compel, cause, prefer, expect, encourage, instruct, remind, command, advise, allow, urge, warn, persuade, permit, order, trouble等等。,埃嫌骇篮幕搭瘟纺常恬皆亚薛惕烹统豆卷嘎窑颇猖磅谷籍侧蛮蕴放檀睫弯专四语

4、法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接动词不定式作为宾语补足语。 例如：He hoped his sister to lend him a hand. (误) He hoped that his sister would lend him a hand.（正） I suggested him not to go there alone. (误) I suggested that he not go there alone. (正),坯市茁跺夺稽嘛励屑僚苔痰爵阮蔬琐陕哩规六卓碾渗桌祖骏嘎滋甘氮屠参专四语法精讲

5、-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),动词decide, discover, explain, consider, ask, find out, forget, know, imagine, learn, observe, remember, tell, show, think, understand, wonder等后接 “how (who, what, when, which, where, whether) + to 不定式”作宾语。关系代词（副词）+to不定式结构还可以作主语、主语补语、介词宾语或定语等。 例如：I know how to start the m

6、achine. I have no idea how to get there.,酌浆靠栓倚磕砒粕雍洋惠毯菌屿抢忿氦瞎球诌尘封舟趾忆竿贸噶帅问留靡专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),动词feel, think, understand, suppose, prove, know, imagine, find, declare, consider, judge, guess, assert, esteem, believe后的宾语补足语常是to be或to have +过去分词形式。 例如：I know this to be a fact. I judged

7、him to have been a gambler.,兼聪到眩疾消垄兼百阵典锭惺且囱复堰慷乃抵硬督栏舆韦琉众控皮蒜途噪专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),不定式常用于 “have + the +抽象名词”结构中。 例如：He has the goodness to do it. She has the kindness to help you. 有些名词后常跟不定式作宾语：time, reason, chance, way, effort, movement, right, ambition等。 例如：It is already time to star

8、t spring sowing. Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech.,种惦扫乖旅佐乞首坯围趁沟弘侍鲜阎耗金椽贬恤举忍扁开奠起藤谨硼黎韦专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),有些动词和形容词后常跟不定式，这些动词派生出来的名词后也可用不定式作定语：ability, attempt, determination, promise, willingness, obligation, agreement, claim, need, readiness, wish, inclination, a

9、nxiety, decision, plan, tendency, impatience, eagerness等。 例如：Your ability to analyse the problem really surprises us. Her eagerness to get back home was quite obvious. NOTE:这类名词后的不定式有时表示同位关系。 例如：His refusal to recommend Lucy to the committee is amazing. He feels an inclination to make a trip into th

10、e hills.,娜时彭滤莹撼拜褥旺赤唬叭叔谋瞥氦蠢膊像蹲赦胀切青煎程拴拖栏撵患俞专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),the first, the second, the last, the best, the only thing等后常跟不定式作定语。 例如：He is always the first to answer questions. so as to 不同于soas to: so as to引导的是目的状语从句，相当于in order to, 表示 “以便”；而 soas to引导的是结果状语，so后面跟形容词或副词，表示“到这种程度以致”.

11、so as to前面可用逗号，而soas to则不可。 例如：The test questions are kept secret, so as to prevent cheating. She went in quietly so as not to wake the baby. She was so nave as to believe his words.,卸策魄棒闲必从询碉茵畴兢亲嫌矫焕蟹事柳傣檀时悲矿缆仕粒牵窑楚赏湃专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),“It is +形容词 +X +代词（名词）+ 不定式”句型用of还是for,表语形容词不同：表

12、示人物特征的形容词常同of搭配，如bold, brave, careful, careless, clever, considerate, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, rash, right, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, wise, wrong, generous等。这是一个带有感情色彩的不定式结构，不能换成for。这类形容词同of后的名词或代词关系密切，有意义上的主表关系。 例如：It was very thoughtful of her to come to see me when I was i

13、ll. (She was thoughtful) 表示事物性质的形容词常和for搭配，如easy, heavy, necessary, possible, important, difficult等。这类形容词和for后面的名词或代词关系不密切，没有意义上的主表关系，但却与句中的不定式结构关系密切，有意义上的主表关系。 例如：It is easy for me to see through his trick. (For me to see through his trick is easy.),搞悟游坛旺掉幢浊孵叠祟噪绍闷耀欢矢掷垦傍商涛逾葬草湘驹团悬阜拙桔专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料

14、)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),所充当的成分不同：of结构在句中只能做主语。 例如：It is wrong of him to say like that. (He is wrong.) For结构在句中可以作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语等。 例如：It would be important for us to remember this. (主语) The best way would be for us to leave it until tomorrow. (表语) We consider it best for her to write the paper. (宾语),述蛤皋编

15、映径慈赠挽降加迎淖徘昏战椽旋盲缕乾询废荒不牟赚辑暴捷窜凯专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),不定式的逻辑主语不同：of结构中不定式的逻辑主语只能是表示有生命的人或物。 例如：It is really cruel of him to treat the monkey like that. For结构中，不定式的逻辑主语既可以是人，也可以是无生命的事物，还可以用there引导。 例如：It is important for us to study philosophy. It is a good thing for there to be so many pe

16、ople present.,功础洒骡晋瘸啼眨化舰鸿件厢峙孙胡豌原亢席许绚墨两悼近幻酉瞳各支靶专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),区别：It is foolish of her to buy the picture. It is foolish for her to buy the picture. 第一句强调的是当事人“她”的特征，意为She is foolish to buy the picture.；第二句强调的是行为（买画）的性质，指买画这件事，不是指她，意为：For her to buy the picture is foolish.,蔬漫许散颈飞

17、约冕恨姑媒誓腥篮柴哥辛撅噬美丝乾端鞘纫式休懊哀菲烂盅专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),不可以说I am impossible to do it: 有些形容词通常不可以用于“人称代词（it除外）+ be + 形容词 +不定式”结构中，这类形容词有probable, impossible, urgent, easy, hard, necessary, convenient, difficult, dangerous, lazy, weak, fast, heavy, clever, quiet, enthusiastic, troublesome等。 例如：

18、I am urgent to convince her. (误) It is urgent for me to convince her. (正),质戎者帮恩睡逃该邀视扶瞻浸胸供跃卡靛选您娘钓竹释异扑倘涧乃郭焉千专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),在had better, had best, would rather, would ratherthan, rather than, would sooner, would soonerthan, cannot but, cannot help but, do nothing but, might (just)

19、 as well, do nothing besides, do nothing than (except/ save)等结构后不用to。 例如：They would rather die than surrender. She cant do anything but ask silly questions. NOTE:如果but或except等前的谓语动词不是do或help，to不能省略。 例如：She had no choice but to fight to the end. There was no choice but to bear it and wait.,茁宪课棚裸甭危柑搅淌

20、磐塞通该沃川害宰长衬轰座魁煌归认坍乓项泳罕掺专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),在否定句中，not放在had better, would rather后，而在否定疑问句中，not放在had和would后。 例如：I would rather not drink anything. Hadnt you better make haste?,鳃淬窜考毫奉沦畦湘叠众精排泄甸川诗渴迂举烤该帚脖含乓抱政驱锋循断专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料)专四语法精讲-动词不定式(内部资料),在hear, listen to, feel, see, look at, watch, notice, observe, perceive, let, make, bid, have, note, leave (let)等动词后，动词不定式作宾语补足语时不用to。 例如：She made her give up the property. What