一轮复习非谓语动词

1、,非谓语动词,Seeing is believing.To see is to believe. Studying hard, youll learn English well. Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.,非谓语动词的类型: 1.不定式to do(将来、表某一次具体的动作、 表目的) 2.动名词v-ing (抽象、 习惯性) 3.分词 -ing分词(主动、进行、令人的) -ed分词(被动、完成、感到的),非谓语动词的特点:,Working hard ,and you will succeed. ()To get ful

2、l marks,he studied very hard.He pretended to be doing his homework carefully when his mother came in.The houses to be built are for the new teachers.,1.不能在句中作谓语,2.可以带上自己的宾语，表语,3.有形式的变化,非谓语动词在句子中的作用,非谓语动词时态和语态的形式,to be done,to have been done,to be doing,being done,having done,being done,having done,1

3、. _(有趣) to buy the painting last week. (fun),不定式、动名词用作主语,It is important_. (get) 对于Tom来说得到那份工作很重要。 It is wise _. (such) 他很明智作出这样一个决定。,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用_作形式主语.,It was fun,it,for Tom to get that job,of him to make such a decision,(在It is+形容词+for/of sb. to do sth.的结构中,如果此形容词说明的是表示事物的特点或特征时用_,如：necessa

4、ry，important，difficult，hard，easy，impossible等;如果此形容词说明的是表示人的特点或特征时,则用_. 如：kind，good，nice，wise，clever，silly，foolish，careless，rude等。),It is no use/no good/useless+doing sth. It is no use crying. It is fun(a great pleasure, a waste of time) It is a waste of time trying to explain.,it作形式主语使用动名词的句型,for sb

5、. to do sth,of sb. to do sth,2._(早起)tomorrow will be necessary. ( go ) 3._(早起)is a good habit. (get) 4. _(获得奖学金)gave Martin the chance to go to a college in one of the northern states. ( win ),不定式做主语,表语常表_, _， 动名词则表示_或_动作.,Her wish was_.(成为一位 艺术家) (become) My favorite sport is _.(游泳) (swim),To get u

6、p early,Getting up early,Winning the scholarship,将来的,某次具体的动作,习惯性的,已发生的,to become an artist,swimming,5.Seeing is believing./To see is to believe.,当主语部分有do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式_。,若句子的主语和表语都为非谓语动词，其形式_。,如：What he has to do is wait.他不得不等待。,要保持一致,常省去不定式符号“to”,分词做表语,The book is interesting and the students are m

7、oved . The leaves are fallen.,分词作表语表示 _. _表示主动， _表示被动或完成.,My job is teaching. Teaching is my job. My job is interesting. Interesting is my job.,动名词作表语, 相当于_, 主语和表语的位置可以互换; 而现在分词作表语相当于_, 不可与主语调换位置.,=,主语的特点特征,现在分词,过去分词,名词,形容词,不定式、动名词用作宾语,1.He refused_.(借给我他 的自行车) (lend),有些动词只能接不定式做宾语：afford，agree，arra

8、nge，decide，demand，determine，expect，fail，happen，hope，learn，manage，plan，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，seem 等.,2.I like watching TV，but I dont like to watch TV this evening.,有些动词既能接动名词也能接不定式做宾语，意思区别甚微.如:,to lend me his bicycle,begin，start，like，love，hate，continue，prefer,下列动词后接不定式或动名词作宾语, 意义大不相同,remember t

9、o do sth. 记住要做 remember doing sth.记得过去做过,forget to do sth. 忘了已做过的事 forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事,regret to do sth. 对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth. 对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔,mean to do sth. 打算 mean doing 意味着，意思是，想要,try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事,cant help doing sth. 情不自禁，忍不住 cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做某事,

10、be considered to have done 被认为已经做了 considerto be 认为是 consider doing 考虑做某事,stop to do 停下来，要做另一件事 stop doing 停下手中正在做的事,go on to do 接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事,be afraid to do不敢做某事 be afraid of doing害怕做某事,3.She is looking forward to _(被派到国外)to study or work. (send),suggest，finish，avoid，cant help，mind，e

11、njoy，delay，practise，advise，consider，miss，escape，allow，permit，imagine，look forward to，feel like，be worth，be busy，be used to，devote oneself to，stick to，object to，admit to 等动词及介词后均只用动名词做宾语.,being sent abroad,Helens/Her being absent made the teacher very angry. 海伦/她没来上课，让老师很生气。 They insisted on my/me sp

12、eaking at the meeting. 他们坚持要我在会上发言。,当动名词短语作主语、宾语或表语时，具有名词特性，其逻辑主语由“名词所有格或形容词性物主代词”表示，放在动名词短语之前。当动名词短语不在句首时，也可由“形容词性物主代词或代词宾格”表示。,4.I find _(我的责任)to help others.(duty),it my duty,find /think/regard/consider +it +adj./n.+to do,不定式、分词用作宾补,1.They_ （允许他去）the party last night. (allow) 2.People saw him_(进了

13、房间)(enter) He was seen_（进了房间）,_和_后接不定式做宾补时，_，但变为被动语态时_.,省to的不定式作宾补：宾补省to记11,一感二听三使役; 五看一帮两均可. feel,hear,listen to,have,let,make,see,look at, notice,observe,watch,help,allowed her to go to,enter the room,to enter the room,感官动词,使役动词,省掉不定式符号to,要带上to,3.I _(建议他们去游泳)then. (advise) We _(看了他们跳舞) then. （watc

14、h） We _ (看他们在跳舞)in the hall. (watch) We _ (看到他们被打)in the hall. (watch),1)感官动词后接不定式做宾补表示_，使役动词后接不定式做宾补表示“让（某人某事）做某事”，且其后的不定式省掉to ，get sb. to do sth.，ask sb.to do sth., encourage sb.to do sth.,order sb.to do sth,2)watch/see/notice/oberve+sb. doing sth. 表示看/某人正在做某事，have sb. doing sth. 表示让某人一直做某事。用这种结构s

15、b.doing sth 的还有find/leave/catch/keep sb. doing sth.,3)当宾语与宾补之间为被动关系时，常用_做宾补.,advised them to swim,watched them dance,watch them dancing,watch them hit,全过程,过去分词,with(without)+宾语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词,1._( 因为有作业要做), he has to stay at home without playing football.(do) ( 做宾补，表 ) 2.He lay there _(眼睛看着 天空).(look

16、) ( 做宾补，表 ) 3.He went out to play _(做完工作).(do) ( 做宾补，表 ),With a lot of homework to do,动词不定式,将发生,with his eyes looking at the sky,现在分词,主动、进行,with his work done,过去分词,被动、完成,不定式、动名词和分词用作定语,1.I will find a comfortable room_(居住).（live) 2.They got a wonderful music_（随着音乐跳）。(dance),不定式作定语时要放在_.不定式跟所修饰的词构成_关

17、系时，形式上用_形式（_表_），如为不及物动词后面应加上相应的介词。,3.He is always the first man _to theclassroom. (come),被修饰词前有_或_修饰时，常用不定式做后置定语。,to live in,to dance to,被修饰词之后,动宾,主动,主动,被动,to come,序数词,最高级,4.There is a meeting _(要出席). (attend),但在there be句型中，虽常用_语态，但用_语态亦可,5.a walking stick the walking man a swimming pool 区别 the swim

18、ming girl a sleeping car the sleeping boy,动名词做定语往往表示_, 现在分词做定语修饰名词表示_.,to attend/to be attended,主动,被动,名词的功能,该名词所处的状态,6. The question_ (即将被讨论的)is a very complex one. (discuss) The question _(已被讨论的) is a very complex one .(discuss) The question _ (正在被讨论的) is a very complex one. (discuss) the _(fall) l

19、eaves 已经落下的叶子 the _(fall) leaves 正在下落的叶子,分词做定语时，确定用-ing 还是用-ed 主要看分词与其所修饰词之间的关系，-ing表_, -ed表_，不定式表示_. 单个的分词做定语时, _; 分词短语做定语时, _. 注意：现在分词的完成式和完成被动式往往不做定语.,to be discussed,discussed,being discussed,fallen,falling,主动或进行,被动或完成,将要发生,常置于被修饰名词的前面,须置于所修饰名词的后面,不定式、分词用作状语,1.He hurried to the station，_ （赶上了那辆公汽）（catch） He hurried to the station ,_ (却发现火车已离开）(find).,结果状语：现在分词做结果状语，表示_， 不定式表示_。,catching the bus,to find that the train had left,自然而然的结果,出乎意料之外的结果,2.He got up early_