土木工程研究生复试专业英语练习题

1、土木工程研究生复试专业英语试题一、单项选择 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）1. before designing a project, civil engineers should survey both the ( ) and subsoil features of the proposed site.a. photography b. geographerc. topography d. graphy2. dams, ( ), water supply systems, and other large projects ordinarily employ several engin

2、eers to work together.a. beam b. columnc. brick d. bridge3. in modern road constructions, powerful modern machines are employed to move mountains and fill valleys to make the ( ) as direct as possible.a. routes b. rootsc. surfaces d. lane4. between the buildings （ ）a primary school.a. stand b. stand

3、s c. to stand d. standing5. tensile failure of ( ) concrete happens easily and involves progressive micro-cracking.a. forced b. reinforcedc. steel d. unreinforced6. ( ) concrete is used only for footings and concrete slabs laid on the ground, and for other massive structures.a. forced b. reinforcedc

4、. steel d. plain7.the laws that （ ）how the buildings maybe made are building codes.a. tell b. tells c. told d. telling8. the steel bars in concrete take the ( )component of the bending moment.a. shear b. compressivec. tensile d. draw9.it is expensive （ ）future cities on the sea.a. build b. built c.

5、to build d. builds10. cracks would not only be unsightly but would ( ) the steel bars to corrosion by moisture and other chemical action.a. adopt b. expose c. employ d.make11. the（ ）cements are widely used on the construction site.a. above-mentioned b. above-mentioningc. above-mention d. above-menti

6、ons12. besides its ability to sustain loads, concrete is also required to be ( ).a. capable b. considerablec. durable d. beautiful13. it is our duty to （ ）the specification . a. comply with b. complete c. know d. make14. concrete is ( ) a porous material.a. nature b. inherentlyc. made d. not15. conc

7、lusions can be ( ) from the above discussion.a. drawn b. tensilec. towed c. looked二、单词填空（共10空；每空2分，满分20分）1. the romans bound their empire together with an extensive system of roads radiating in many directions from rome.2. portland cement must pass a series of chemical and physical tests before it c

8、an be shipped.3. concrete consists of water , cement , aggregate and sand .（admixture）4. a simple contract consists of an agreement entered into by two or more parties.5. the presence of cracks in concrete reduces its resistance to the action of corrosion of reinforced bars.6. concrete is a widely u

9、sed material in numerous civil engineering structures三、英译中（短句翻译，共10句， 每句2分， 满分20分）1. later in history, when well-traveled routes were made sturdier with rocks and stones, the path was raised above the surrounding land, it became a “high way”.史上记载，当交通量大的道路用更坚实的岩石和石头来建造，且路面被建在路基上，它就变成了一条“高速公路”。2. the

10、various components of a mix are proportioned so that the resulting concrete has adequate strength, proper workability for placing and low cost.各种成分按比例混合以便所得到的混凝土有足够的强度、合理的浇筑流动性和较低的成本。3. due to the ability of concrete to be cast on site it allows to be used in different shapes in structures.因为混凝土具有现场

11、浇注的性能，所以它被允许用于各种形状的结构。4. the first step in building a road is to plan the route. sometimes the route has been decided by the nature of the land, but today nature can often be conquered.建造一条道路的第一步是制定好路线。有时是由大自然的土地所决定的，但是当今大自然通常可以被征服。5. in addition to the main components of concretes, admixtures are o

12、ften used for special purposes.除了混凝土的主要成分之外，混合剂常用于特殊用途。6. the chemical tests constitute, in effect, a chemical analysis to determine whether the various strength-giving compounds appear in proper quantity, and if there are excessive amounts of certain undesirable substances.实际上，化学测试的目的包括一个化学分析，以确定各种

13、强度的混合物是否合理，以及它们是否含有过多的杂质。7. high or low temperatures and high or low humidity in themselves do not cause significant damage to building materials, but changes in temperature and humidity do.高或低的温度或湿度的高低本身不会引起建筑材料重大的破坏，但会受温度、湿度影响而发生变化。8. curing is the term given to the protection of the concrete duri

14、ng the early stages of hardening, when it requires additional moisture for the continuing hydration of the cement.养护是指当混凝土在硬化凝结的初期需要额外的水分不断进行水泥的水化反应时对其进行保护的过程。9. the business man concerned with contracts will normally learn about their contents, and the precise but intricate mode of expression that

15、is common to them and to all legal documents, in his own language.商人签订合同一般都会熟悉合同的内容，他们会用自己的语言和准确且复杂难懂的表达方式制定所有合法的文件。10. contractors are usually unwilling to enter into any entire contracts, other than the very smallest, unless provision is made for interim payments to them as the work proceeds.除了非常小

16、的合同之外，承包商通常是不愿意签订任何一整套的合同的，除非有条款规定随着工程的进行，业主将付给他们相应的报酬。四、英译中（短文翻译，共2篇，每篇10分，满分20分）1、 the railway of qingzang begin from xiningthe capital of qinghai province to lasathe capital of tibet self-governing province . the all way is one thousand and fifty six kilometres. the section of xingning to geermu

17、has eight hundred and fourteen kilometres. it begins to build at 1958 and the open to traffic is at 1984. the section of geermu-lasa has one thousand one hundred and forty two kilometers long. it started working at june 29 th 2001, and completed at october 15th 2005 and will be put on train in july

18、1st 2006.the qingzang railway run across the plateau frozen ground and its highest altitude is five thousand and seventy two meters high. it has worked a wonder of upland railway. its completion and open will play a large role in advancing economy and society development and improving the life of pe

19、ople and strengthening the comity of nations and promoting the communication of culture in the area of qinghai and tibet province.青藏铁路起自西宁（青海省的省会）终至拉萨（西藏自治区的省会），全程总长1056km。西宁到格尔木路段有814km，1958年开始修建，1984年竣工通车。格尔木到拉萨路段有1142km，于2001年6月29日开始修建，2005年10月15日完工，将在2006年7月1日投入使用。 青藏铁路途经高原冻土以及它的最高海拔高达1072米，它已开创

20、了高原铁路的奇迹，它的竣工和通车在促进青海和西藏两地区之间经济和社会的发展，改善人们生活，加强民族团结以及提升文化交流都起到了很大的作用。2. concrete is a composite material. it consists of coarse aggregate and a continuous matrix of mortar, which itself comprises a mixture of cement paste and smaller aggregate particles. its physical behavior is very complex, being

21、largely determined by the structure of the composite material, such as the ratio of water to cement, the ratio of cement to aggregate, the shape and size of aggregate, and the kind of cement used.concrete is reinforced to give it extra strength - without such reinforcement, many building projects wo

22、uld be impossible. reinforced concrete can be used for many types of structures and components and can be made into almost any shape or size. the material is developed by incorporating steel reinforcement bars or fibers into the traditional concrete mix.concrete reinforcement was first used in the m

23、id 1800s by a french building contractor. his own house, built with reinforced concrete, still stands some 150 years after construction. the invention of reinforced concrete in the 19th century revolutionized the construction industry, and concrete became one of the worlds most common and most important buildi