2011届高考英语二轮专题复习课件：书面表达备考指南(22)(浙江专用)

1、第22讲 书面表达备考指南,由于浙江省高考书面表达多采用半开放式写作形式，把从过去翻译要点为主，转变到自主表达的层面上，同时需要考生的评论，这种命题方式能较好地考查考生的语言组织能力、书面表达能力以及逻辑思维能力，是基础和能力的完美结合，是对“书面表达”的完美诠释，真正体现了浙江卷特色和亮点。众所周知，高考书面表达是学生相对得分最低的一道题目，省均分基本维持在1315分左右。因此，考生要加大书面表达练习，提升书面表达技巧，力争高考取得高分。,一、增强书面表达效果的技巧 1. 使用较高级的词汇。词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。 例1. He studies hard.

2、 So he does well in all the subjects. =He studies hard. Therefore , he does well in all the subjects. =He studies hard. As a result , he does well in all the subjects. =He studies hard. As a consequence , he does well in all the subjects.,例2. I love nature and I love peace. =I am fond of/ am interes

3、ted in / have great interest in nature. =I am eager for / am enthusiastic about /am crazy about peace. =I am interested in nature and I am eager for peace as well.,例3. We should try to help the old. =We should make the greatest effort /spare no effort/ try every means/do whatever we can to help the

4、old. 例4. I want to do something for our motherland. =I will make contributions to/ contribute to/ devote myself to our motherland.,例5. I want to understand foreign culture better. =I want to have a better understanding of foreign culture. 例6. Suddenly I thought out a good idea. =A good idea occurred

5、 to me. =A good idea suddenly struck me.,2. 适当转变句式 (1) 把两个(或几个)简单句合并为一个简单句 1)使用非谓语动词 例1. We are studying in Tangxi Middle School.We feel happy. Studying in Tangxi Middle School, we feel happy.(非谓语动词，现在分词表原因),例2. I will be given another chance. I will succeed. Given another chance, I will succeed. (非

6、谓语动词，过去分词表被动) 例3. He wants to improve his English. He studies hard. To improve his English, he studies hard. (非谓语动词，动词不定式表目的),2)with结构 例1. He is a handsome boy.He has big eyes. He is a handsome boy with big eyes. 例2. Shanghai is a busy city. Shanghai has convenient traffic. Shanghai is a busy city w

7、ith convenient traffic. 例3. He was brought in.His hands were tied behind his back. He was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.,(2) 使用独立主格结构 例1. If weather permits, we will go camping tomorrow. Weather permitting, we will go camping tomorrow. 例2. There was no taxi, so we had to walk home.

8、There being no taxi, we had to walk home. 例3. If all the factors are considered, he is the best of them three. All the factors considered, he is the best of them three.,(3) 把两个简单句合并为复合句 1)定语从句 例 The Chinese artists were to perform here that night. The news cheered every one of us. The Chinese artist

9、s were to perform here that night，which cheered every one of us.,2)名词性从句 以上例题还可变为： The news that the Chinese artists were to perform here that night cheered every one of us. 3)状语从句 例 He got up late this morning. He missed the first bus to school. He got up so late this morning that he missed the fir

10、st bus to school.,(4) 使用多种句型 1)巧用被动语态 例1. We should take some measures to prevent pollution. Some measures should be taken to prevent pollution. 例2. He makes full use of his spare time to practise playing the piano. His spare time is made full use of to practise playing the piano.,2)巧用it句型 例1. 你方便来我

11、们学校来看我吗？ Is it convenient for you to come to our school to see me? 例2. 我认为开这个会议是个好机会。 I think it a good chance to host the meeting. 3) 巧用倒装 例1. Though he is a child, he knows a lot. Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.,例2. 只有这样我们才能有足够的精力把学习学好。 Only in this way can we have enough energy to study be

12、tter. 4) 巧用强调 例 He didnt get up until his mother came back. It was not until his mother came back that he got up.,3. 使用恰当的连接词(也叫小品词)，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。 高考大纲中常用的连接词： (1)表示平行、对等或选择关系 and, bothand, as well as, together with, neithernor, also, not onlybut also, eitheror, as well (2)表示转折关系 but, yet, however,

13、 nevertheless (然而), in spite of=despite, although, otherwise, while, after all,(3) 表示对比关系 on the contrary, instead of, on one handon the other hand, (just) like, unlike, in the same way, at the same time, different from， compared with, in contrast (4) 表示因果关系 so, for, therefore, as a result (of), bec

14、ause, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of (理由),(5)表示时间、顺序关系 shortly, afterwards, first, second， then, next, finally, for one thing, for another, in the end, eventually(最后， 终于), in the first place, in the second place, firstly, secondly, thirdly, first and foremost, last but not least (6) 表示递进

15、、强调关系 besides, furthermore (此外), whats more, in addition, moreover (而且), worse still, to make matters worse, indeed, certainly, surely, above all, whats more, finally,(7) 表示举例或解释、说明 namely (也就是), actually, such as, for example, for instance, that is to say, in other words, and so on, to tell you the

16、 truth, according to this (8) 表示结论 in short, in brief, in a word, as you know, as far as I know, on the whole, in conclusion, at last, finally, all in all, in general, generally speaking, in the end,4语言地道，流畅，规范。在行文表达中，要求卷面美观整洁，要尽量减少母语干扰，避免“Chinglish”，力求顺畅。 例如：如何通过使用连接词、句子结构及词汇使一个平淡的文章变得丰富起来？我们可以比较下面

17、三个段落。 I opened the door. I went into the room. I walked to the window. I opened the window. I looked out. There are many old women doing morning exercises. I watched them for some time.,这是一个干巴巴、索然无味的段落，下面加一些连接词及一些语法结构后就会有很大改观。 After I opened the door, I went into the room. It was dark inside the roo

18、m, so I walked toward the window and opened it. I saw many old women who were doing morning exercises and watched them for some time. 同样这样的内容，下面的改动会精彩得多。 After opening the door, I went into the room. It was dark inside the room, so I opened a window to let in some light. I saw many old women doing m

19、orning exercises. I stood at the window, watching them for some time.,从以上我们可以看出，要使文章写得连贯、流畅，就要准确恰当地使用各种表示时间先后顺序等方面的连接词，以及运用丰富的词汇和得当的句子结构，这些丰富的词汇和得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少。,二、高分作文四步法 Step 1：确定文体 高考作文常用的文体有记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。近几年我省的高考书面表达多以应用文和议论文为主，提供的形式多以文字提示出现。不管是应用文的书信还是对比或夹叙夹议体裁的议论文。我们考生都应该根据写作提示分析材料，确定文体，闯过第

20、一关。,Step 2：确定时态和人称 考生要根据选好的文体和写作内容确定时态。一般来说，记人叙事多用一般过去时；发布通知多用一般将来时和祈使句式；发表议论大多用带有情态动词的一般现在时；人物介绍、现状说明常用一般现在时和现在完成时。但要注意，写作时时态并不唯一，要灵活运用，要依据表达内容而确定。,Step 3：确定所需主要词汇和所用表达结构 在以上“两确定”的基础上，应该根据文章体裁和内容逐个地确定写作要点。对于图画和图表可在草稿纸上用中文列出，并理清要点，然后选词造句，对列出的要点逐一翻译。这时要注意语言力求准确得当。考生在平时写作要多进行发散思维，如：是用very sorry还是terri

21、bly sorry？是用surprised还是astonished？同时考生应学会尽可能使用较高级的语法结构和词汇，如非谓语动词、复合句等。最大限度地滋润、完美文章。,Step 4：整理成篇，行文连贯 接下来要根据内容分清文章的层次，确定详略，将写好的单句要重新排列组合起来，使之前后连贯成一篇完整的文章。同时选用恰当的关联词(小品词)使文章过渡自然，行文流畅。另外，根据内容编排，该分段时要分段，使表达清楚，一目了然，确保高考书面表达出彩得高分。,以2008年浙江卷为例： 人们完成工作的方式通常有两种：独立完成和合作完成。两种方式各有特点。请你以“Working Individually or

22、Working in a Team”为题，按照以下要点写一篇英语短文： 1. 独立完成：自行安排、自己解决问题 2. 合作完成：一起讨论、相互学习 3. 我喜欢的方式和理由,注意：词数100-120，文章的题目和开头已给出(不计词数)。 Working_Individually_or_Working_in_a_Team There are basically two ways to get work done. _ _.,【解题步骤】 第一步：审题定文体。题目已明确要求是正反观点对比的半开放式作文，并且给出了标题和开头。 第二步：确定时态和人称。人称：第三人称。时态：一般现在时。 第三步：确定

23、写作思路，所需主要词汇和所用表达结构。,写作思路： 同一件事情，人们常有不同的看法，即正反两种观点。写作格式一般是：提出问题两种不同观点对两种不同观点的论据(理由)逐项陈述对比；另外，题目还要求写出“我”喜欢的方式和理由，故该篇书面表达宜采用三段论。 主要词汇： working individually, working in a team, teamwork, arrange, solve the problem, discuss, together, the reason why is that,重点句型： 在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章 正反观点对比常用句型： (1) Opini

24、ons are divided on the question. 在这个问题上意见有分歧。 (2) Opinions are mainly divided into two groups. 基本上有两种不同意见。 (3) Others have different opinions. 其他人有不同看法。 (4) On the one hand, On the other hand, 一方面，另一方面,在对某一观点作进一步论证时，可用下列句型： (1) Whats more, 还有就是 (2) Besides, 除此之外 当然在提出多个论据时，也可用First, Second, Third, 列举论据。 First of all, and