M3U2 Grammar and usage.ppt

1、Grammar and usage,Part 1: Noun clauses introduced by question words,1. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people. 2. The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer. 3. It is certain that this process will continue.,Sentences in this un

2、it,All the sentences are noun clauses. Most of them are introduced by question words.,Fill in the blanks, and tell their differences. 1. That is _ English has so many difficult rules that confuse people. 2. The question of _ English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer. 3. It is cer

3、tain _ this process will continue. 4. _ is certain is that the curse of the mummy remains a riddle to this day.,why,predicative clause,whether,object clause,that,Subject clause,Preparatory subject,What,Subject clause,5. You cannot imagine _ amazing they are unless you see them with your own eyes. 6.

4、 However, _ pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists. 7. I dont know _ the house is so dirty 8. they often question _ they are and _ they fit in society.,how,why,why,Object clause,Subject clause,who,how,Object clause,Object clause,Join each pair of sentences,Where do

5、es a person come from? This will affect his or her style of speech.,Where a person comes from will affect his or her style of speech.,Why does English have such strange rules? You can begin to see it!,You can begin to see why English has such strange rules!,Why does English have so many difficult ru

6、les that confuse people? That is the reason.,That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.,That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.,Where a person comes from will affect his or her style of speech.,You can begin to see why English has such strange r

7、ules!,(subject),(object),(predicative),Review,We can use a question word to introduce a noun clause. The clause can function as the subject, object or predicative of the sentence.,In a noun clause that is introduced by a question word, we change the word order into that of a statement.,What are peop

8、le from the north saying? People from the south find it difficult to understand.,People from the south find it difficult to understand what people from the north are saying.,We cannot leave out the question words in noun clauses.,Decide what sentence element each underlined noun clause is in its sen

9、tence. (P28),I always wondered when I would get the English novel my parents had promised to give me. I finally got it today. What I always dreamt of has come true. It is really exciting!,O,S,The difficulty is how Im going to read the book without a dictionary. Looking up every new word will certain

10、ly be a waste of time. Miss Cheng always told us to guess the meanings of new words from the context. I used to wonder why we should do this. I understand now, but the question is what I should do if I cannot guess the meanings. I must talk to Miss Cheng about this tomorrow.,P,O,P,Fill in the blanks

11、 with suitable question words. (P29),Borrowed words good or bad? Languages keep borrowing words from other languages. This is one of the reasons _ languages keep changing almost every day. _ we should do about the increasing number of borrowed words in our vocabulary is something that deserves caref

12、ul thought. In England nowadays, there is no one to decide _ new words should be accepted into the language.,why,What,which,A standard was first set for the English language by King Henry VII. That is _ we have the phrase the Kings English. King Henry VII was a poet who showed great concern for lang

13、uage. He set a standard for _ people were to speak English, but today _ can make a decision like that is anyones guess! However, there is an organization to make decisions like this in France. _ French will be used is decided by a government department.,why,how,who,How,At one time the department ban

14、ned some borrowed words from English, including weekend and e-mail. French people supported this because they wanted to keep their language pure and unique.Today, the spread of borrowed words is mostly due to the easily accessed Internet and television programmes from across the world. Some people a

15、re optimistic and believe that this process is good, while others worry that it may result in language pollution. _ opinion you agree with is up to you.,Which,Part 2: Preparatory subject it,1. so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. (Unit 1, Book 1) 2. As teenagers grow, it

16、is normal for them to become confused with the changing world both inside and outside of them. (Unit 2, Book 1),Have A L k,Fill in the blanks.,1. so _ was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. 2. As teenagers grow, _ is normal for them to become confused with the changing world both

17、 inside and outside of them.,it,it,Preparatory subject,1. _ is known to all that Shenzhou VI launched successfully. A. As B. What C. It D. That 2. _ is reported in the newspaper that the Earthquake in east Japan killed 13 people. A. It B. As C. That D. What 3. _ certain that his invention will make

18、peoples life convenient. A. Thats B. This is C. Its D. Whats,4. _ that there is another football match on the air this evening. A. It says B. It was said C. It is said D. What was said 5. _ that their daughter got an opportunity to study abroad. A. Its a exciting news B. This is an exciting news C.

19、This is exiting news D. Its exciting news,It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.,Empty subject,1 That he will succeed is certain. 2 Whether he will go there is not known. 3 What he said is not true. 4 Where he hid the mo

20、ney is to be found out. 5 Whoever comes is welcome. 6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.,Subject Clause,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。,1. It is certain that he will succeed. 2. It is not known whether he wi

21、ll go there. 3. It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.,“It” is used as preparatory subject.,形式主语,The preparatory subject it is often used to balance the sentence with a long subject. The preparatory subject it acts as its grammatical subject and the real subject is at the end of

22、the sentence.,It is important for us to learn English well today. It is important that we should learn English well today. It is no use wasting your time reading such books all day.,preparatory subject,It is important that we should learn English well today.,It is no use wasting your time reading su

23、ch books all day.,It is important for us to learn English well today.,when we use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence,when the subject is a to infinitive,when the subject is a verb-ing form,He appears to be proud of his daughter. It appears that he is proud of his daughter. She turns out to b

24、e my cousin. It turns out that she is my cousin.,It can also be used before seem, appear, happen, turn out and prove as the preparatory subject of a sentence.,It is a good idea to make an official statement about the incident. Making an official statement about the incident is a good idea.,We usuall

25、y use the preparatory subject it with a clause or to infinitive (preferable), but with the verb-ing form we prefer the real subject at the beginning.,Finish Part A on page 31.,Answers (2) It requires a good understanding of their behaviour to know what they mean. (3) It always puzzles me why my dog

26、barks in certain ways. (4) it wont be difficult to buy a machine like this,Finish Part B on page 31.,Answers 2. It happens that several racial groups live in Singapore. 3. It is fun to hear different people speaking different languages all at the same time. 4. It is certain that Ill see you next wee

27、k.,1. We can use a question word to introduce a noun clause. The clause can function as the subject, object or predicative of the sentence. 2. The preparatory subject it is often used to balance the sentence with a long subject. It can also be used before seem, appear, happen, turn out and prove.,Ti

28、me for reflection,3. Name some question words that can be used to introduce noun clauses: _ _. 4. The word order in a noun clause that is introduced by a question word is _. 5. Can we leave out the question words in noun clauses?,what, which, who/whom, whose, when, where, why and how,of a statement,

29、Individual activity,请点击 word图标,1. Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities. (2014重庆) A. when B. why C. that D. how,I. 高考链接,2. Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.

30、(2013山东) A. what B. whose C. which D. that,3. From space, the earth looks blue. This is _ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. (2013安徽) A. why B. how C. because D. Whether 4. _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. (2013四川) A. When B. How C. What

31、 D. That,5. _ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. (2013天津) A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What 6. Police have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue. (2013新课标) A. which B. where C. how D. what,7. _ struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for hi

32、s son. (2013重庆) A. That B. It C. What D. Which 8. _ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. (2013江西) A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever,II. Translation.,1. _ (他出生在何地) has not been found. 2. _ (谁会赢得比 赛) is still unknown. 3. _ (谁来都) is welcome. 4. _ (那个 人为什么被谋杀) is still unknown. 5. _ (真遗憾) the weather isnt good for our outing today.,Where he was born,Who will win the match,Whoever comes,Why the person was murdered,It is a pity (that),6. I asked them _ _ (他们在哪学习的绘画). 7. Could you tell me _ (选择什么)