现代大学英语精读四.thinking_as_a_hobby课件

1、,Thinking as a Hobby -william Golding,1,学习交流PPT,Author William Golding,Author,Sir William Gerald Golding (September 19, 1911June 19, 1993) was an English novelist, poet and winner of 1983 Nobel prize in Literature:,2,学习交流PPT,The Authors Background,Author,Born on September 19, 1911 at St. Columb Mino

2、r, a village near Newquay, Cornwall（英国英格兰的一个郡：康沃尔郡）, he started writing at the age of seven. He went to Oxford University in 1930, where he studied natural sciences and English language. His first book, a collection of poems, appeared a year before Golding received his BA.,3,学习交流PPT,Author,To be con

3、tinued on the next page.,The Authors Background,He married Ann Brookfield, an analytical chemist, in 1939. He became a teacher of English and philosophy at Bishop Wordsworths School in Salisbury（英格兰南部城市）. During World War II he served in the Royal Navy and was involved in the sinking of Germanys mig

4、htiest battleship（战列舰，火炮威力巨大的主力战斗舰，目前已被淘汰）, the Bismarck. He participated in the invasion of Normandy on D- Day （二战中盟军在法国北部的开始进攻日，1944年6月6日）and at wars end went back to teaching and writing.,4,学习交流PPT,Author,The Authors Background,In 1961 his successful books allowed Golding to leave his teaching po

5、st and he spent a year as writer-in-residence at Hollins College in Virginia. He then became a full-time writer. He received a knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in 1988. William Golding died in his home at Perranarworthal, near Truro, Cornwall on June 19, 1993.,To be continued on the next page.,5,学

6、习交流PPT,Rodins Thinker,To be continued on the next page.,Resting on the horizontal panel above the doors, The Thinker became the focal point of The Gates of Hell and subsequently perhaps the most well-known sculpture of all time. The athletic-looking figure, inspired （激发灵感）by the sculpture of Michela

7、ngelo（米开朗琪罗，1475-1564，意大利文艺复兴盛期雕塑家、画家）, depicts a man in sober meditation, yet whose muscles strain with effortpossibly to evoke a powerful internal struggle. Rodin initially referred to the figure as Dante （但丁，意大利文艺复兴时期诗人：史诗神曲）but eventually what we know as The Thinker evolved into a more symbolic

8、representation of creativity, intellect, and above allthought.,6,学习交流PPT,Goddess Venus,To be continued on the next page.,Venus of Milo Venus de Milo (about 150100 BC) is considered by many art historians to be the ideal of Hellenistic beauty. It was carved out of marble and stands approximately 205

9、cm (6 ft 10 in) high. 米洛的维纳斯，著名的古希腊大理 石雕塑，作于公元前二世纪。公元 1800年在希腊的米洛岛被发现。现 藏于巴黎的罗浮宫。,7,学习交流PPT,Goddess Venus,As Roman Goddess of Love and Beauty, Venus is associated with cultivated fields and gardens and later identified by the Romans with the Greek Goddess of Love, Aphrodite阿佛洛狄特，爱与美的女神（希神）.,The Birt

10、h of Venus,The end of Goddess Venus.,8,学习交流PPT,To be continued on the next page.,“Intelligence is something we are born with. Thinking is a skill that must be learned.” “I think, therefore I am.”,Quotations on Thinking,9,学习交流PPT,To be continued on the next page.,Quotations on Thinking,“I cannot teac

11、h anybody anything, I can only make them think.” Socrates 苏格拉底，469399BC,古希腊哲学家,10,学习交流PPT,Quotations on Thinking,“Nurture your mind with great thoughts.” Benjamin Disraeli 迪斯累里，18041881，英国首相（1874-1880），保守党领袖。作家 “What is the hardest task in the world? To think.”,The end of Quotations on Thinking.,11,

12、学习交流PPT,grammar school: In Britain, it refers to a school for children over 11 who are academically bright. Today, there are few grammar schools. Most secondary schools are called “comprehensive” and take in all children over 11 whatever their abilities. In the US, a grammar school used to mean an e

13、lementary school, but it is now considered old-fashioned.,12,学习交流PPT,It was my head master before me. 第一个把思考这个问题带到我面前的是我文法学校的校长,13,学习交流PPT,8. nothing but: only, merely,Dont have him for a friend: hes nothing but a criminal. He had nothing for supper but a little piece of cheese. Nothing but roses me

14、ets the eye.,“nothing” phrases,To be continued on the next page.,14,学习交流PPT,“Lets go for a boat ride!” “Nothing doing!” 毫无，决不 He was nothing if not clever. 极其，极端 Theres nothing like a holiday to make one fell rested. 没有什么能比得上 Thats nothing less than a miracle. (=no less than) 不亚于，完全（强调其多、其大）,15,学习交流

15、PPT,The drops didnt get very big, and the earth received nothing more than a drizzle. (=no more than) 仅仅，只不过（强调其少、其小） “Anything interesting happening?” No, nothing much. 没什么 “Im sorry to cause you trouble.” “ My dear friend, its nothing of the kind”. 哪里 的话，没那回事,16,学习交流PPT,lest: and old-fashioned) co

16、nj. for fear that 唯恐、以免 He doesnt dare to leave the house lest he should be recognized. Note: The subjunctive mood is used in the clause lest introduces. Be careful lest you fall from that tree.,17,学习交流PPT,Sometimes used after danger, fear, afraid, worried, functioning as that I was afraid / worried

17、 lest he might come too late. There was danger lest the plan should become known.,18,学习交流PPT,farther and further farther: physical distance further: degree, time and all other figurative uses The next village turned out to be much farther than we had thought. We will discuss it further tomorrow. Fur

18、ther development of our economy will strain our resources too.,19,学习交流PPT,be in position to do sth: to be able to do sth. because you have ability, power or money to do it I am not in a position to lend you money. For the first time in history, man is now in a position to destroy the whole world. Un

19、fortunate: 不利的 An unfortunate turn of the events 事态的不利变化,20,学习交流PPT,Utterly: completely, totally They seem utterly unaware of what may happen.,21,学习交流PPT,Symbolize: to represent 象征着，是。的象征 In Europe, the color white symbolizes purity, but in Asia it is often the symbol of deep mourning.,22,学习交流PPT,go

20、 to 2,I was not integrated, I was, if anything, disintegrated. (Para. 4),Forming a part of a harmonious group,The direct opposite of “integrated”, and therefore means some kind of trouble maker. This is not the the way the word is normally used.,on the contrary,More examples,To be continued on the n

21、ext page.,23,学习交流PPT,integrate: 1.（in the text) 使完整、使完善 If man is to integrate himself, he must discover his springs of action. 人欲善其身，必先省其心。 2. (with, into): to join or cause to join as a whole The country is invited to integrate into NATO. The different ideas have been integrated into one uniform p

22、lan.,24,学习交流PPT,11. integrate,v. a. to make into a whole by bringing all parts together; to unify b. to join with something else; unite disintegrate: to become reduced to components, fragments, or particles Examples: Many suggestions are needed to integrate the plan. The teachers are trying to integ

23、rate all the children into society. The case was so old it just disintegrated when a worker picked it up.,Word Formation,a. integrated 综合的, 完整的,25,学习交流PPT,if anything a. 如果有什么（区别）的话 b. 恰恰相反 I never had to clean up after him. If anything, he did most of the cleaning. Im not ashamed of her. If anythin

24、g, Im proud.,26,学习交流PPT,Writhe: 1. to twist the body ( as if ) in great pain 蠕动、扭动身体 2. 感到极度痛苦、难堪、厌恶等 Writhe with shame 羞愧难当 Writhe in apology 深感内疚 Writhe under ( or: at ) insults 因受辱而极度痛苦,27,学习交流PPT,contemplate: to think for a long time in order to understand better in a gloomy manner,28,学习交流PPT,v.

25、 a. to look at attentively and thoughtfully （沉思地）注视，凝视 b. to consider carefully and at length 对。做周密思考 c. to have in mind as an intention or possibility 盘算、打算 She stood contemplating her figure in the mirror. The young surgeon contemplated the difficult operation of kidney transplant. She is contempl

26、ating a trip to Europe, but she hasnt planned it yet.,5. contemplate,29,学习交流PPT,The muscular gentleman contemplated the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom. to think for a long time in order to understand better in a gloomy manner The author expressed the boys viewing of the image of Thinke

27、r in a humorous way to show that the thinking doesnt make any sense to him.,30,学习交流PPT,The teachers glasses caught the light and therefore the boy could not see the teachers eyes. He could not have any eye contact. He could not have any communication with him. The implied meaning of this sentence is

28、 that they could not communicate, not because of this but because of the teachers lack of understanding of the boy.,go to 4,His spectacles caught the light so that you could see nothing human behind them. There was no possibility of communication.,To have the light shine on it brightly and suddenly,

29、31,学习交流PPT,v. (vi.) to feel or suffer anguish 感受痛苦 n. agonizing physical or mental pain; torment 痛苦 a. anguished Her husbands death anguished her deeply. She was in anguish over her missing child. anguished cries,2. anguish,Synonyms,suffering, agony, distress, grief, heartache, heartbreak, misery, p

30、ain sorrow, torment, torture,32,学习交流PPT,go to 5,On one occasion he headmaster leaped to his feet, reached up and put Rodins masterpiece on the desk before me. (Para. 13),to jump up,To move a hand or arm upward in order to touch, hold, or pick up sth. Also: to reach sth. down; to reach out (for); to

31、reach into,Three parallel verb phrases are used to describe the sequence of his actions.,More examples,to ones feet,To be continued on the next page.,33,学习交流PPT,go back to 4,to leap to ones feet to rise to ones feet to struggle to ones feet to help sb. to ones feet to pull sb. to his feet,一跃而起 站起身来

32、挣扎着站起来 扶某人站起来 把某人拉起来,to ones feet 站起来,34,学习交流PPT,reach up:向上伸出手 A hand reached out and seized my arm. He reached across ( or: over ) for the last cake. I reached into my pocket for a cigarette. He reached for a stone with his feet.,35,学习交流PPT,go to 6,Nature had endowed the rest of the human race wit

33、h a sixth sense and left me out. (Para. 15),A keen intuitive (直觉的) power. Here the author means the ability to think.,To provide sb. with a natural quality or talent,Everybody, except me, are born with the ability to think.,36,学习交流PPT,endow: She is one of those lucky women who are endowed with both

34、a sharp brain and great beauty. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. 我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福

35、的权利 -The Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson,37,学习交流PPT,Leave out: not including, except He left out an important detail in her account. He felt a little out. 他感到有点儿受冷落。,38,学习交流PPT,Bitterly determined: extremely determined Bitter: 坚定不移的 Bitter determination,39,学习交流PPT,Modest: There is a mo

36、dest increase in costs. 费用略有增加。 There is no sense in doing sth. The clean life: it normally refers to a life without vices or moral sins. (decent life in the text) The virtues of fresh air: the advantages of fresh air,40,学习交流PPT,He did not practice what he preached. He was a hopeless alcoholic which

37、 had ruined his health, and he obviously did not like outdoor life. Yet he kept talking about a clean and the virtues of fresh air.,41,学习交流PPT,7. exalt,v. a. to raise in rank, character, or status提升 b. to glorify, praise, or honor颂扬 c. to increase the effect or intensity of 加深、增强 exalted a. excited;

38、 noble; exaggerated,Examples: Complementary （相互补充的）colors exalt each other. He was exalted to the position of president. The retiring professor is exalted by his colleagues. an exalted dedication to liberty He has an exalted sense of his importance to the project.,42,学习交流PPT,vt. a. to convey in a hu

39、rried or rough manner猛推 b. to cause or urge to proceed quickly 催促 c. to gain by energetic effort 赶紧做 vi. to work or move energetically and rapidly 赶紧、奔忙,9. hustle,Examples: The police hustled the prisoner into a van. Mother hustled the children off to school lest they should be late. We hustled to g

40、et dinner ready on time.,43,学习交流PPT,oratory: art of public speaking Sometimes he got carried away and would jump from his desk and hurry us outside into a cold and unpleasant wind,44,学习交流PPT,10. impediment,n. a. a fact or event which makes action difficult or impossible 妨碍、阻碍、障碍物 b. an organic defec

41、t preventing clear articulation 口吃,Examples: The main impediment to development is the countrys huge foreign debt. He has an impediment in speech. 他讲话口吃。,To be continued on the next page.,45,学习交流PPT,impede: to get in the way or slow down by making action or movement difficult his departure was imped

42、ed by heavy rain. 妨碍、阻止,To be continued on the next page.,46,学习交流PPT,Reel: 1. to walk unsteadily, moving from side to side, as if drunk 踉跄 2. to step away suddenly and unsteadily as if after being hit 打趔趄 3. to be in a state of shock, confusion, or uncertainty （头脑）眩晕；（客体）似在摇晃 His mind reeled when he

43、 heard the terrible news. 听到那骇人的消息，他只觉得一阵眩晕。 The mountains reeled before her eyes.,47,学习交流PPT,Note the humorous effect achieved through the use of the exaggeration and formal style,go to 7,The fresh air had to struggle with difficulty to find its way to his chest because he was unaccustomed to this.

44、,He would stagger or be thrown off balance,Unable to do anything for the rest of the morning,V-ed and V-ing as object complement,You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed v

45、isitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning. (Para. 19),48,学习交流PPT,Mr. Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life, sexless and full of duty. (Para. 20),To be habitually inclined to do (sth.): 有。倾向的 The child is given to l

46、ying. She was given to hasty decision.,a highly moral speech,Obviously in Mr. Houghtons clean life, there is no place for alcoholic drink, sex, and other worldly pleasures. This is, of course, ironical.,49,学习交流PPT,Spring: 弹性、弹力、活力；弹簧 There was little spring in his muscles. 他的肌肉不太有弹性了。 The old man wa

47、lks with the spring of a young one. 那位老人走起路来和年轻人一样轻快有力。,50,学习交流PPT,The author is ridiculing the contradiction between his high moral tone and the working of his genes which compels him to turn his head toward young girls.,go to 9,Yet in the middle of these monologues, if a girl passed the window, hi

48、s neck would turn of itself and he would watch her out of sight. In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck. (Para. 20),To turn by itself; to turn on its own,Parallel structure of two prepositional phrases to show the contrast,Metap

49、hor: his sexual impulse,51,学习交流PPT,not think much of think better of sb. think better of sth. think highly of think well of think little of think poorly of think nothing of,看轻 对某人印象好；看重某人 改变念头；打消主意 看重；器重 重视 看轻；看不起 不放在眼里；轻视 轻视；认为无所谓；认为没什么了不起,11. think well of: to have a good opinion of sb.; to think

50、favorably of sb.; to like sb.,Try to make some sentences with the phrases,52,学习交流PPT,disinterest: 1. n. absence of interest Her disinterest in art was due to her ignorance. 2. n. 公正、无私 the referee was charged with a lack of disinterest. 3. v. 使兴趣索然; 使无私 Disinterested: 1.unbiased by personal interest

51、 or advantage A disinterested observer 2.(nonstandard) uninterested The husband and the wife become disinterested in each other.,53,学习交流PPT,metonymy 转喻: e.g. The world is watching closely what the White House will do next. (the American government),54,学习交流PPT,Technically, it is about as proficient a

52、s most businessmens golf, as honest as most politicians intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written. (Para. 23),orderly, logical, and consistent relation of parts,从技术上而言，其宣讲的娴熟程度如商人玩高尔夫球，其宣讲的意图如政客的意图一般诚实， 其宣讲的条理性如大多数写出来的书一般连贯。这就是后来被我称作第三等级的思考，虽然事实上称它为感觉更为恰当。 This ironical sentence show

53、s that the author not only considers those people incompetent, dishonest and incoherent, but also despises most businessmen, distrust most politicians and dislikes most publications.,55,学习交流PPT,Lightly: 1.without careful thought and consideration 轻率地，轻蔑的，满不在乎的 Think lightly sb.s achievements 轻视某人的成就

54、 It is a matter not to be taken lightly 不可掉以轻心的事 behave lightly 行为轻浮 2. 轻轻地、轻松地、轻巧地 Step aside lightly轻捷地闪到一旁 Dont worry about it at all. he said lightly.轻松地说 3. To a slight or little degree Season food lightly给食物少许加些作料,56,学习交流PPT,Dismiss: 1. to refuse to consider seriously 2. to put aside from cons

55、ideration,57,学习交流PPT,I no longer consider the way grade-three thinkers think unimportant because they account for nine-tenths of the people and therefore have great power. Now I know that ignorance, prejudice and hypocrisy are very powerful enemies. 我不敢再轻视思考的过程了,十分之九的人士为三级思考者，而三级搜考已是他们能达到的最高境界。 Ment

56、al process: grade-three thinking,I no longer dismiss lightly a mental process which for nine tenths of the population is the nearest they will ever get to thought.,58,学习交流PPT,They have immense solidarity. Solidarity: union as between the members in a group They usually represent the great majority.

57、This sentence shows that the author does not have any romantic ideas about mass wisdom. In fact, he believes that most people are parrots. They like to follow the crowd.,59,学习交流PPT,一群三级思考者聚在一起，高声叫嚷着他们那些偏狭的观点，彼此聊得很投机。你若指出他们信仰中彼此矛盾的地方，他们绝不会对你感恩戴德。人类喜欢跟风，就像牛喜欢以同样的方式在一个山坡上吃草一样。 The author thinks that it

58、 is probably human nature to enjoy agreement because it seems to bring peace, security, comfort and harmony.,A crowd of grade-thinkers, all shouting the same thing, all warming their hand at the fire of their own prejudices, will not thank you for pointing out the contradictions in their beliefs. Ma

59、n enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill.,All feeling very content and happy because they share the same prejudices,Simile: enjoy the peaceful, safe and harmonious environment,60,学习交流PPT,go to 13,Grade-two thinkers do not stampede easily, though often they fall into the other fault and lag behind. Grade-two thinking is a withdrawal, with