九年级Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.的语法知识点

1、Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.1. 被动语态：英语动词有两种语态：主动语态（the Active Voice）和被动语态（the Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。.被动语态由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，以下为几种常用时态的被动语态的构成： 一般现在时：主语am / is / are （not）动词过去分词 一般过去时：主语was / were 动词过去分词 一般将来时：主语will be 动

2、词过去分词/ 主语+be动词+going to +be+动词过去分词 含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be动词过去分词 现在完成时：主语have / has been 动词过去分词 现在进行时：主语is / am / are + being 动词过去分词习题：（ ）1.A wild animal zoo is going to_in our city. A.be built B.built C.build D.be building （ ）2.A lot of trees_on the hill yesterday. A.are planted B.will be planted C.have

3、 been planted D.were planted ( ) 3.Half of the work_by now. A.has finished B.has been finished C.have been finished ( ) 4.He likes reading very much. Most of his money_on books. A.is spent B.spend C.spends D.are spent .被动语态的用法：1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。Eg: His new car was stolen. 他的新车被偷了。（谁偷的，不

4、知道） Letters are collected from his postbox at 7:30 every morning.每天早晨七点半有人来收他邮筒里的信。（主要说明每天七点半从邮筒里收信，至于是谁来收，没必要说明）2.需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者。English is spoken in Canada. .主动语态变被动语态的方法：（1）主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）主动语态的谓语动词变为“be + 动词的过去分词”形式。（3）主动语态的主语变成介词by的宾语，放在动词的后面，有时课省略。Eg: Many people speak English. English i

5、s spoken by many people. .注意事项：1.带双宾语的句子变被动语态可以把间接宾语变主语，保留直接宾语：也可以把直接宾语变主语，保留间接宾语，间接宾语前要加介词to或for. Eg:He gives me a pen. I am given a pen.或A pen is given to me.2. 在主动语态中，有些动词（feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ）后面可接不带to的不定式，但变被动句时必须加to. Eg: We saw Tom enter the of

6、fice. Tom was seen to enter the office.3. 有些动词常用主动表被动。如系动词feel,smell,sound,taste,write,sell等动词。Eg: The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好写习题：（ ）1. In the past the children were made_15 hours a day. A.to lock B.work C. to work D. lock ( ) 2.The old men in China_. A.is taking good care B. are taken good care of C

7、. is taking good care of D. are taken good care2.allow 动词，意为“允许，准许”，常用的结构：allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth.允许做某事 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 （ ）People who drink wine _ to drive after May Day. A. dont allow B.isnt allowed C.mustnt allow D.mustnt be allowed3.Sixteen-year-olds should be allo

8、wed to get their ears pierced. 应该允许十六岁的青少年打耳洞。get their ears pierced意为“打耳洞”，此处get用作使役动词，相当于make或have，意为“使；让”。“get/ have +宾语+动词的过去分词”结构意为“使某事被做”或“让某人做某事”。其中过去分词表示的动作往往是哦别人做的，与句中的主语无关。 Eg:你打算什么时候去理发？_4.I dont think Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. 我认为不应该允许16岁的青少年开车。若宾语从句跟在think, believe,

9、suppose, expect等表示“想，认为”的动词之后，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，句子的否定体现在主句中，这叫否定前移。 Eg: 我认为那不是一个好主意。_ 他认为那不是一个好主意。_5Stop 动词，表示“停止，阻止”，常用的结构：stop doing sth. 指停止正在做的事情 stop to do sth 指停下手头所做的事情，去做另一件事 stop sb from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事cant stop doing sth 忍不住做某事1. 他停下来看了看那个男孩。_2. 听到那件事，我忍不住大笑起来。_6.He doesnt seem to have man

10、y friends. 他好像没有很多朋友。Seem 意为“好像；似乎”： It seems that + 从句（从句部分用陈述语气）eg: 看起来要下雨了。 It seems like意为“似乎；好像”，后接名词。 seem to be +形容词/名词 seem to do sth 好像做某事 This man seemsa boss. A. be B. to be C. be to D. to7.I disagree. They talk instead of doing homework. 我不同意。他们聊天而不做作业。 disagree 不及物动词，意为“不同意，不赞同”，其反义词是ag

11、ree，一般不用于进行时。若指与某人意见不一致，后接介词with；若指在某一方面意见不一致，后接介词about/on. Eg: 我不同意你的意见。 我们不同意这个计划。_ instead of 是介词短语，意为“代替，而不是”，后接名词、代词或动名词，位于句中。 Instead 副词，置于句首或句末。 Eg: 她没有打篮球，而是去游泳了。_ _8.They arent serious enough at that age. 他们在哪个年龄不够谨慎。 Enough 副词，意为“足够地”，修饰形容词或副词时，放在形容词或副词之后，还可以作形容词，意为“足够的”，修饰名词时，放在名词之前。 -Doe

12、s the child need any help? -No.She is _to dress herself. A.enough old B.young enough C.old enough9.So do we. 我们（家）也有。该句是一个倒装句。以so,neither/nor引起的倒装句有： So +be 动词/助动词/情态动词 +主语，表示肯定，意为“某人/物也”,用于后者与前者情况一样，前后两句主语不是同一人，主谓倒装。 Neither/ Nor +be动词/助动词/情态动词 +主语，表示否定，意为“某人/物也不”. So +主语+be 动词/助动词/情态动词，表示肯定，意为“某人/

13、物确实如此”,用于后者赞同前者的说法，前后两句主语是同一人，主谓不倒装。 Neither/ Nor +主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词，表示否定，意为“某人/物的确不”. Eg: She likes apples;so _ I. A. am B. do C.is D. does10.Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. 父母不应该对青少年要求太严格。 Strict 形容词，意为“严格的；严厉的”；be strict with sb. 意为“对某人要求严格”，“对某事要求严格则用be strict in sth. Eg: My teac

14、her is very strict _ his child and _ his work he does. A. with;with B.with;in C.in;in D.in; with11. be good for 对有好处/益处，后接名词、代词或动名词。其反义词组是be bad for. Eg: 牛奶对孩子有好处。_ Be good to 意为“对。和蔼/友善”，eg: 她对我们很好。 Be good at 意为：在某方面很擅长 eg: 她擅长英语。12. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事，同义词组有have a chance to do s

15、th., 也 可以表达为have an opportunity/ a chance of doing sth.Eg: 我希望有机会去美国。13.I would like to reply to the article “Helping and Learning” in your last newsletter. 我想答复你上次简报中的“帮助和学习“这篇文章。 reply 动词，意为”回答，答复“，做不及物动词，后接宾语常用 reply to sb/ sth.,做及物动词时后可接从句。 Nobody would like to _ this article. A. reply to B. rep

16、ly at C. reply for D. reply14.Should I be allowed to make my own decisions? 应该允许我自己做决定吗？ Make ones own decision 意为“某人自己做决定“，相当于make decisions for oneself. Eg:应该允许青少年自己做决定。15. Sometimes the hobbies can get in the way of schoolwork. 但有时这些爱好会妨碍学习。 get in the way of “妨碍.”，也可以用be in the way 表示。 Eg: 玩电脑游戏

17、会妨碍她的学习。16. But Im serious about running. 但对于赛跑我是认真的。 be serious about 意为“对是认真的”，其后接名词、代词或动名词形式。 Eg:她认真面对未来。17. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream. 只有这样我才有实现梦想的机会。 本句是“only+ 状语”引导的倒装句。即：only+ 状语+ 助动词/be动词/情态动词+ 主句。在句首的only后面如果跟了副词、介词短语或从句等状语，则主句用倒装结构。如果only后跟的是主语，则不用倒装。 Eg: 只有这样你才能

18、学好英语。_ 只有三个人在车祸中受伤。练习题：一. 选择题:1. Loud music may make people _ fast. A. to eat B. eat C. eated D. eats2. I want _ whether hes all right. A. to know B. know Cknowing D. Knows3.Her teacher was annoyed _ Tom because he made a lot of mistakes in the English Test Paper. A. at B. with C. in D. for4.Dont forget _ the tap when you dont use it. A. turn off B. turn on C. to turn on D. to turn off5. The children were made _ homework first. A. do B. to do C. did D. doing6. Dont worry about her，Madam. Your daughter is _ danger now. A. in B. out C. out of D. at