英语语法 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补

1、基本句型五： 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补,本句型中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分，如形容词、名词、副词(仅限少数几个)、动词不定式、分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语在意义有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语与宾语补足语在“意义上”是一种主谓关系。如：,We elected Li Ming our monitor. 我们选李阳做我们的班长。(Li Ming is our monitor) The news made us sad. 这新闻使我伤心。(We were sad),常用于此句型的动词有：call, name, make

2、, elect, appoint, nominate (提名), crown, think, consider, leave等。,根据宾补的不同可分为以下几种情况： 1. 主语+及物动词+宾语+名词。如： President appointed John manager of Marketing. 总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。,归纳：,2. 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词 如： The news made me happy. 那消息使我很高兴。,常用于此句型的动词有：make, paint, dye, get (ready), cut (short), set (free), keep, driv

3、e (mad), find, want, hold (responsible), wish, like, see, imagine, turn, beat (black and blue), boil (hard), suppose, prove, think, believe, consider, leave等。,归纳：,3. 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语。如： I found myself in dark. 我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。 4. 主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式。如： He encouraged her to work harder. 他鼓励他努力工作。,要求用to do作宾补的动词

4、有: advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, order, permit, persuade, request, tell, want, warn, wish等。,He always has others wait for him. 他总是要别人等他。,归纳：,要求用do作宾补的动词有: 使役动词let, make, have等; 感官动词observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, see, watch等。,归纳：,若变为被

5、动语态, 其后的宾语补足语就成为主语补足语了, 此时作主语补足语的不定式要带to。如： The boss made him work overtime.(主动语态) He was made to work overtime.(被动语态)老板叫他加班。,5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+分词。如： Dont leave the water running after you have washed your hands. 洗手之后不要听任水白流。 I heard my name called. 我听到有人叫我的名字。,现在分词为宾语补足语时, 宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系; 过去分词为宾语补足语时,

6、宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。常用于此句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, set, smell, watch等。,【注意】,6. 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 我觉得与你家人相处令人愉快。, She thinks it no point practicing so much. 她认为练习这么多没有意义。 He be

7、lieved it unlikely that she would agree. 他相信她不可能同意。, 当作宾语的不定式、动名词、宾语从句跟一个补足语时, 要用形式宾语it放在宾语的位置，将真正的宾语放到后面。 用doing作真正的宾语时, 其补足语通常是useless, senseless, no use, good, sense， point等, 表示“无益或没有意义”。 能用于该句型的谓语动词有consider， believe, feel, find, make, think, suppose等。,即时练习：请用“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补”句型翻译下列句子。 1. 那噪音快要使我发

8、疯了。 1. The noise is driving me crazy. 2. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。 2. We must make our school more beautiful.,3. 他请我们参加做游戏。 3. He asked us to join in the game. 4. 我要你把真相告诉我。 4. I want you to tell me the truth. 5. 明天我要找人来修理机器。 5. I will have the machine repaired tomorrow.,6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 6. We hear him readi

9、ng English aloud every morning. 7. 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 7. They felt the car moving fast.,8. 我们必须保持身体健康。(in good condition) We must keep our health in good condition. 9. 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 We wont have her go out at night. 10. 他每个月理一次发。 He has his hair cut once a month.,11. 我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 11. Ive never seen the word used in this way. 12. 他感到很难跟你交谈。 12. He feels it hard to talk with you. 13. 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 13. I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.,14. 学校定了一条规则, 开始上课时学生要起立。(make) 14. The