爱荷华大学养猪课件.ppt

1、Pork Production Phases and Scheduling,AnS 225 Lab 1-30-08,Goals of a Modern Farm Plan,Even animal flow High usage of buildings without overcrowding Facilitate all-in/all-out for high health Utilize labor efficiently Produce larger groups of homogeneous pigs Protect the environment Be a good neighbor

2、,Modern Swine ProductionBiological and Management Phases,Breeding Gestation Farrowing Hot Nursery Cold Nursery Growing Finishing,Breeding/Gestation/Farrowing,“Sow Herd” Function Site of mating, housing, farrowing Resources Technology intensive Labor intensive Fundamental to economic viability Pigs b

3、orn and raised is most economically important part of pork production,Nursery Facilities,Specialized care for the weaned pig Sanitary Environmental control Critical for early weaned pigs Warm, draft-free environment needed Intense management Frequent observation Frequent feeding,Finishing Facilities

4、,Wide variation in type Group size is larger 25 to 500+ pigs/group Mechanical/natural ventilation Labor intense/labor minimal Variation in feeder type Wean-finish has become new option for many systems,Hoop Building for Finishing,Basics of Pig Flow & Swine Schedules,Even flow of pigs through the fac

5、ilities Same size group in all phases Minimize range in age within each group All-in, all-out to improve health and break disease cycles Maximize production due to cost of facilities Intensive use to improve economics May have less intense schedule due to various situations,Principles of Production

6、Scheduling,Gestation period 113 to 116 days (114) Breeding period First estrus occurs 4-7 days after weaning (ave. 5) Estrous cycle is 21 days Length of breeding period determines age range of pigs in group farrowed Weaning age most weaned at 18-21 days Conception rates seasonal effects Breed more f

7、emales during periods of lower conception rate to maintain group size Growth rate affects number of days in finisher,Weekly System,Farrow XX sows per week to produce XX pigs per week Pigs needed per week and litter size determine number of sows to farrow Must have 4+ farrowing rooms to make work Bre

8、eding period is continuous Maximizes production and use of facilities Minimizes non-productive sows days Several variations and options are used in the industry,Group System,Contrast to weekly system Use for farms with 1-2 farrowing rooms Allows strategic scheduling throughout the year Schedule arou

9、nd other farm activities planting, harvest, etc. Usually requires longer breeding period for the group May require an increase in weaning age Goal should be multiple of 7 or 21 days between group activities if possible Allows females that do not conceive to “fit” a later group,Variables in MCS3 Sche

10、duling Program,Age at weaning Days in breeding period Days to first service May skip first heat period in group system or for extremely thin females at weaning # days in farrowing room before due date Days for clean-up between groups,Gilt Pool,Gilts (already cycling) waiting to be bred and added to system Needed to replace females that are culled to maintain constant group size Approximately 3X number needed per week Size of pool is farm-specific Size may need to be increased in summer months,Litters/Female/Year,Goal is to ma