四级作文类型辅导.ppt

1、大学英语四级作文辅导,Lady Susu 本周的作文请大家套用“四级作文类型辅导”最后一页的模板练习上交！记住：是本周五交哦,（一）现象解释型,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Changes in College Students Ways of Spending Summer Vacation. Your composition should be based on the information given in the charts. You

2、 should write no less than 120 words according to the following outline.,1. State the changes briefly. 2. Give possible reasons for the change. 3. Predict the trend of the changes.,B,C,D,A,10%,9%,20%,55%,A,B,C,20%,30%,32%,10%,D,A:staying at home B: traveling C:doing social investigations D: other wa

3、ys,1994,2004,As is clearly shown in the charts, the number of students who go traveling and do social investigation during summer vacation has increased greatly between 1994 and 2004. Especially the number of students who stay at home has decreased a lot. There are three reasons for this. At the top

4、 of the list, with the development of economy, many people have become rich, so a growing amount of students are able to get financial support from their parents. In addition, tourism has greatly developed during the ten years. For example, many new scenic spots have been constructed. Last but not t

5、he least, the government has been encouraging college students to do investigation on the rapid development in both urban and rural areas. In short, traveling and doing social investigations will benefit college students a lot.,As far as I am concerned, it can be predicted that more and more college

6、 students will make their summer vacation interesting and meaningful by going to the outside world instead of staying at home. It can broaden their eyesight as well as provide them with some social knowledge that they cant get from books.,（二）问题解决型,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute

7、s to write a composition on the topic Water Shortage in China. You should write no less than 120 words according to the following outline. 1. 缺水的现状 2. 缺水的原因 3.解决办法,With the development of modern industry and the growth of population, water shortage has become a growing concern for Chinese government

8、 and people. So it is of great importance for us to get some idea on the factors contributing to this problem. On the one hand, water supplies are being consumed by a growing number of heavy industries as well as the growing population. On the other hand, deforestation at the upper reaches of rivers

9、 has make the situations worse for the well-developed root system of trees can keep the water from diffusing into the earth.,To solve this problem, we have figured out many ways. First, we must economize on the use of water resources and practice a recycling policy. Second, stricter laws and regulat

10、ions should be implemented to protect the limited water resources we have. Finally, more diversion projects should also be used so as to direct the surplus water resources in Southern China to the under-supplied regions. In a word, stronger measures can and should be taken to protect the water resou

11、rces we have now. To sum up, water shortage is already serious in China these days. It is high time for us to do something to prevent it from being worse. Therefore, if everyone takes action to save water, the situation will be better to some extent.,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 min

12、utes to write a composition on the topic How to Eliminate Fake Diplomas. You should write no less than 120 words according to the following outline. 1. 如今假文凭现象日趋严重 2. 如何解决这个问题 3.结论,How to Eliminate Fake Diploma There has been a discussion recently about the flooding of fake diplomas in our society.

13、It is true to the present situation that fake diplomas do obvious harm to the job market and fair competition between candidates. For one thing, it is difficult for the employers to tell the real talents from the holders of fake diplomas. For another, it is unfair that one fails to get his job just

14、because his rival has produced a fake diploma or certificate.,As is known to all, there are many ways to solve this serious problem. First of all, companies and universities should have a close contact so that the fake diplomas should be severely punished by law and totally exposed through media. Fu

15、rthermore, the one who used a fake diploma in finding jobs should be disqualified from the job market for at least three months. In brief, fake diplomas should be fought against by everyone in the society. In conclusion, we should take effective measures to eliminate fake diplomas and do everyone ju

16、stice. Wed better tackle this problem with great efforts. Accordingly, it is advisable for us to work out more effective ways to completely wipe out fake diplomas.,（三）观点论证型,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Competition and Cooperation. You shou

17、ld write no less than 120 words according to the following outline. 1. 当今社会处处存在竞争 2. 竞争离不开合作，举例 3.我的看法,Competition and Cooperation It is well known that competition exists in every corner of the society. The truth of it is self-evident. No one can deny that the more developed the society is, the mor

18、e fierce the competition is. Therefore, competition will play an important role in future society. Many examples can be found to prove that competition is not always contrary to cooperation. Take football game as a typical example. People have to admit that each member of the team must cooperate wit

19、h his teammates. Furthermore, the reluctance to cooperate with each other will definitely cause a failure in a match. It goes without saying that competition has much to do with cooperation. Then, we should strengthen cooperation in a team work. There is no doubt that most tasks are accomplished by

20、a cooperative team. In conclusion, competition often goes hand in hand with cooperation.,It is believed that competition exists in every corner of the society. The truth is deep and profound. As we know, all members must strengthen the cooperation in the society to meet fierce challenges. Consequent

21、ly, competition is not always contrary to cooperation. A typical example is the football game. This is close to suggest each member of the team must cooperate with his teammates. It is true that any reluctance to cooperate with each other will definitely cause a failure in a match. In addition, many

22、 huge tasks must be accomplished by a group of workers. All mentioned above tells us that competition has much to do with the cooperation. As a matter of fact, we should strengthen cooperation in a team work. There is no denying that cooperation plays an important role in competition. In short, comp

23、etition often goes hand in hand with cooperation.,Competition and Cooperation,（四）观点对比型,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic City Life Versus Country Life. You should write no less than 120 words according to the following outline. 1. 城市生活的优越性 2. 农

24、村生活的优点 3.两者共存的不足,When it comes to city life and country life, peoples opinion differ. Many people believe that life in the city is more exciting and convenient. For one thing, people in the city can enjoy all sorts of services and entertainment such as restaurant, department stores, hospitals and co

25、ncert halls. For another, the bus, trolley and subway system are easy to follow. Some people , however, take a different attitude. They regard life in the country more comfortable. In their view, people there are free and in close contact with nature. Furthermore, people become strong and healthy fr

26、om doing farm work.,As far as I am concerned, though both the city life and country life have their own advantages, they have their disadvantages. On the one hand, the air is polluted with poisonous gases emitted by factories and automobiles in the city. On the other hand, life is somewhat outdated

27、and conservative in the country. So modern development is needed in the country while in the cities steps must be taken to reduce pollution and traffic problems.,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Marks or Abilities . You should write no less th

28、an 120 words according to the following outline. 1. 在大学，一些学生认为学习成绩是最重要的 2. 在大学，一些学生认为培养个人的能力是最重要的 3.我的看法,When asked about the task of college students, students have different opinions. Many students believe that marks are very important .On the one hand, they think that their primary task is to stu

29、dy and learn form teachers and textbooks. On the other hand, they seldom take part in other activities, for they are afraid that those activities will affect their study. All these point to the indispensability of high marks. However, other claims that it is more important to develop ones own practi

30、cal ability. As far as they are concerned, college students should not only learn the textbook knowledge, they should also learn from outside the textbooks. Moreover, ones own practical ability is of primary importance.,As for me, we should first study hard, then try to develop our abilities at the

31、same time. Because study is our primary task. Whats more, we shouldnt neglect our own practical abilities, for when we enter the society, we need various abilities. Therefore, the sound foundation of knowledge along with practical abilities are essential for us to be useful for the society.,（五）应用文,D

32、irections: Write a letter according to the situation below: Suppose you are Liming. You did shopping in a supermarket yesterday and found later that the cashier had shortchanged you. This actually was the second time in one month. Write a letter of about 120 words to the sales manager, Mr. Smith, an

33、d complain to him about it.,Dec. 15th, 2005 Dear Mr. Smith, My name is Liming. I am a regular consumer of your shop. I venture to write you a letter about the service in your shop.(I am writing to you to supply some advice for you) The focus of the complaint is the cashiers attitude. For one thing,

34、one of your checkout clerks attempted to shortchange me. For anther, this was the second time in a month. Honestly speaking, for the first time, I cared about it less. But earlier today I purchased several items totaling $8.4. And handed a $ 20 bill to a cashier, and she handed me $ 1.1 in change. B

35、esides, she was not very kind to me when I pointed out her mistake. All in all, there is still much room for improvement. I do hope this is the last time. Thank you for your time and kind consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Ming,CET-4 作文常见结构错误7种,1、结构不完整 在使用从句或非谓语动词时，缺少主句或谓语动词等，造出结构残缺的句 子。例如： 误：The ol

36、d man returning home after eight years absence to find that all the neighbors were no longer there. 正：The old man returned home after eight years absence to find that all the neighbors were no longer there. 老人离家8年后回家，发现所有的邻居都不在了。 这句话第二部分是以to开始的一个并列分句。,2、句子无主语 没有主语的英语句子是罕见的，而无主语的汉语句子却俯拾即是。出现以下病句的原因显然

37、是未注意这种差别。 你知道为什么必须保护我们的生活环境? 误：Do you know why must protect environment of our living? 正：Do you know why we must protect our living environment?,3、主语概念错误 受汉语影响，在用英语表达时，没有弄清句子的主语是谁，常把不是主语的部分当成主语。 1）开车不累，感觉舒服。 误：Driving cars is not very tired and feel well. 正：You feel comfortable and are not tired whe

38、n driving a car. 2）没有朋友会感到孤独。 误：Without a friend will feel alone. 正：One will feel lonely without a friend.,4、无主谓结构: 由于头脑中受汉语表达习惯的影响或时间紧迫，一些学生常写出无主谓结构的“句子”来。 1）我们的生活有很多有用的声音，如门铃声、哨声，（汽车）喇叭声。 误：In our life, there are many kinds of useful sounds. Like the sounds of door bell, whistle, horn and hooting

39、正：In our daily life, there are many useful sounds such as the sounds of door bell, whistle,horn and hooting. 2）另有原因，我们放假时，骑车方便些。 误：For another reason. When we have a vacation, it will be convenient to ride a bike. 正：There is another reason: it will be convenient to ride a bike during a vacation.,5、误

40、用平行构结 :所谓平行结构 (parallelism)，是用相同或相似的句法结构来表达同类思想概念。使用得当，可使句子结构紧凑、对称协调、语意鲜明、逻辑性强。但是，许多学生由于对其对称照应的特点掌握不好，常常写出一些结构不均衡，文意欠通顺，逻辑混乱的句子。,1）打篮球比打棒球有趣。 误：Basketball is more enjoyable than to play baseball. 正：Basketball is more enjoyable than baseball. 2）知道如何学习及学会运用时间对大学生来说比什么都重要。 误：Knowing how to study and to

41、 learn to use time are more important than anything else for a college student. 正：Knowing how to study and learning how to use time are more important than anything else for a co1lege student. 以上两句是主语结构不对称。,3）她看上去满足、自豪且有自信心。 误：She looks satisfied, proud and have confidence. 正：She looks satisfied, pr

42、oud and confident. 以上错误是表语结构不对称。 4）闲暇时，他喜欢访友、打高尔夫、听流行歌曲。 误：During spare time, he enjoys visiting friends, playing golf and listen to popular songs. 正：During spare time, he enjoys visiting friends, playing golf and listening to popular songs. 以上错误是宾语结构不对称,6、悬垂修饰语: 在英语句子中，修饰语（从句、短语等）的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，如果

43、不一致而又没有自己的逻辑主语，这个结构就是悬垂结构(Dangling Modifier)。 1）小时候我父亲常带我去公园 误：When a child, my father often took me to the park. 正：When I was a child, my father often took me to the park.,2）在那么多观众前演讲，我的腿哆嗦得历害。 误：Speaking before such a large audience, my legs are trembling terribly. 正：Speaking before such a large a

44、udience, I feel my legs are trembling terribly. 或：When I speak before such a large audience, my legs are trembling terribly.,3）打开窗，一幅美丽的景色吸引了我。误：Opening the window, a charming scene caught my eye. 正：Opening the window, I saw a charming scene. 或：When I opened the window, I saw a charming scene. 4）要有知

45、识，广泛阅读很重要。 误：To be knowledgeable, reading widely is important. 正：To be knowledgeable, you must read widely.,7、无连接词错误: 汉语的特点是重“意合”，英语是重“形合”。汉语句子的连接多靠上下文的逻辑意义，而英语要使用连接词。由于受汉语影响，不少学生写出没有连接词的病句。例如： 1）我们到车站时天还没亮。 误：We came to the station, it was still dark. 正：When we came to the station, it was still dar

46、k. 2）一个人没有足够的食物，就不会有健康的身体。 误：A person has not enough food，he will not have a healthy body. 正：One will not have a healthy body if he does not take enough food.,2008年6月CET-4作文,Part I Writing (30 minutes) Recreational Activities 1. 娱乐活动多种多样. 2. 娱乐可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性. 3.作为大学生，我的看法.,Part 1：各种娱乐活动有助于解压，举例（上网，购物，运动等等）