2016高考英语阅读理解解题技巧和方法

1、阅读理解 高三解题指导,Reading comprehension,高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求,要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能： 、理解主旨要义； 、理解文中具体信息； 、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 、作出简单判断和理解； 、理解文章的基本结构； 、理解作者的意图和态度； 7、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词 义 猜 测 型,命 题 类,推 理 判 断 型,Reading Comprehension- Inference Question

2、s,阅读理解专题-推理判断题,阅读推理判断题,推断题分类,1. Question forms: It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that is most likely . When the writer talks about , what the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The story implies that . We can infer conclude from the passage 这类题干中通常含有infe

3、r, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语。,一、如何推断隐含意义,2.技巧点拨 1).全面分析 2).忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息,二、如何推断作者观点和态度：,1. Question forms: The writers attitude toward is_. The writer thought that_. According to the author _.,2.技巧点拨 注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。,1.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholdin

4、g back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like

5、crying, dont fight it. Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反应). （2分钟） According to the author, which of the following statements is true? A. Crying is the best way to get help from others. B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems. C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we

6、 cry. D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.,2. Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿)，and death. Frankly，Im sick of all the bad news. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform,说明

7、文中作者的态度: objective neutral 在议论文中，有： (1)positive (2)negative (3)neutral (4)approval (5) disapproval (6) indifferent (7)ironic (8)critical (9)optimistic (10)pessimistic,客观的,消极的,漠不关心的,赞成的,不赞成的,乐观的,悲观的,Taking notes:,中立的,积极的,讽刺的,批评的,中立的,三、如何推断写作目的,1. Question forms: (1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的 A. The writers purpose

8、 of writing this passage is to _. B. What is the purpose of writing this article? C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _.,(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图 A. The writer uses the example ofto show that _. B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. C. are mentioned in the fi

9、rst paragraph to _.,2. 常见的写作目的归纳 不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常有以下三种： (1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑） (2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点） (3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）,常见于故事类的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience,常见于广告类的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors

10、 / readers / audience,多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章.,1. “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lo

11、t of energy in waves,” he said. （1.5分钟） The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them,2. A young man from a village cal

12、led Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the mans big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months l

13、ater the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its

14、trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home. （3分钟） The writer wrote the story in order to_. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than m

15、en do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife,1. Question forms: The passage is most likely to be taken from_. Where would this passage most probably appear? The passage is most likely a part of _.,四、如何推断文章出处,2. 解题技巧 这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1)报纸 ：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称 (2)广告 ：因其格式特殊，容易辨认 (3)产品说明：器

16、皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等,1.（全国卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片) with water, followed by one tab

17、let every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce th

18、e amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine. This text is most probably taken from a _. （2分钟） A. textbook B. newsreel(新闻片) C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicine,2. More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each y

19、ear. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt（安全带）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you d

20、o not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility（责任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat be

21、lt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you

22、may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. （3分钟） This text is taken from _. A. a medical magazine B. a police report C. an advertisement（广告）D. a government information booklet （小册子）,More than 30,000 are ki

23、lled or seriously injured（受伤）each year.,you could be fined up to $ 50,Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined ,2. 解题技巧 推测下文的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理 推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段 开始的几句话。,五推断文脉逻辑关系,1)推断上下文内容 1. Question forms: The next paragraph would most probably deal with _ The paragraph preceding this on

24、e would most likely discuss _.,When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide

25、themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also

26、provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. （3分钟） The paragraph following this passage

27、would most likely be about _. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization （城市化）,2.解题技巧： 按段落的组织方法理解文章结构 按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章结构,2)推断篇章组织结构 1.Question forms: Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? How is the passage organized?,1.推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关文段的意思。 2.推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句,同时把握文章的体裁也可以

28、推断作者的写作目的。 3.推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。 4.推断文脉逻辑，必须特别关注作者的思路和段落组织方法，推断下文要注意最后一段的内容,尤其是最后的两三句话。,总结,细节题解题技巧 细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节（通常是四个）放在一起要求考生判断是非（选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项）或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案（此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换）。 现在围绕上述的定位理论，引申出几个

29、小的技巧： （1） 关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。,As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dre

30、am in 2011，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. （2011年高考英语北京A篇）What happened to the author in 2011？A. She flew an airplaneB. She entered a competitionC. She went on a hot air balloon rideD. She moved into a retirement community解析：此题属典型细节题，通过题干中的时间in 2011不难定位到

31、文中粗体字部分，很容易可以锁定正解为C。,（2） 同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致，但属于同义性质，同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯。,He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what hes doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down

32、and inside out， exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks？ A. Finding the news value of his stories. B. Giving him financial support. C. Helping him to find issues. D. Improving his good ideas.

33、解析：此题属细节题，定位方式为同义定位法。题干中的talks和文章中conversations对应，而want most和longs for对应，这样不难得出答案为D。 小结：在阅读中，精准快速的定位加上正确的理解力才能保证做题的量与质。定位法是需要在做题的过程中有意识的培养的，做题的技巧也是可以总结的，关键是要自觉培养这种分析归纳和总结的意识以及能力。,主旨大意题解题技巧 Topic/Title型-使用逆推法 （1） 要在阅读原文基础上，仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系 （2） 再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何 （3） 要注意题目是否过大或者过小 （4） 要避免下列三种错误 概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，导致范围过小） 过度概括（多表现为扩大范围） 以事实、细节