Grammar-主谓一致.ppt

1、主 谓 一 致,定义:“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。 “主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。,原则,1. 语法一致原则 2. 意义一致原则 3. 就近一致原则,语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。,一. 语法 定义:主语是单数,谓语也是单数, 主语是复数谓语也是复数。 非谓语动词做主语 To see is to believe. Askin

2、g costs nothing. Lying and stealing are immoral.,（2)用and 连接的并列主语，如果主语是一个人，同一事，同一抽象概念，且and后名词无冠词,谓语动词用_，如:The writer and singer _ coming tomorrow. 否则用复数。,(1)以“and ”或“both and”连接的并列主语, 通常作_用 。,有些and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个 整体,如: bread and butter, knife and fork, whisky and soda(威士忌加苏打水), steel and iron,is,单数,

3、复数,(3) Every and (every), each and (each) , no and (no) , many a and (many a)连接两个单数名词作主语以及more than one.和many a.作主语时,谓语动词都用_.,语法一致,Eg: Every desk and every chair _made of wood. Many a boy and (many a) girl _made the same mistake,单数,is,has,语法一致,(4) “a / an + 单名+ and a half”, “one and a half +复名” 常接_谓

4、语；,A year and a half _passed . One and a half bananas_left on the desk.,has,is,单数,(5) 不定代词each, either, neither, another, the other 等作主语通常用_谓语动词;,其中, each of + 复数代词，谓语动用_。复数代词+each，谓语动词用_。如,语法一致,Each of us _a dictionary. We each _a dictionary.,has,have,单数,单数,复数,1.Serving the people _ my great happin

5、ess. 2. When well go out for an outing _ decided. 3. To get the most profits _ the common aim of businessmen.,（6）不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或从句作主语时，谓语动词用_，如：,is,has been,is,单数,语法一致,(7) 当主语与谓语之间插有 with, along with, together with, as well as; but, except, besides, other than; rather than; like; including 等引起的短语时,

6、谓语动词不受这些插入语的影响，依然与_保持一致,主语,The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finish the following exercises:,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Both Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Neither Mike nor Bo

7、b _a teacher.,is,Bill,Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.,knows/know,All of them _ workers.,None of them _ (know) how to teach English.,are,knows/know,主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：,1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况： (1) He and she _both students of this school. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候

8、,谓语动词用复数。,一、语法一致原则,are,(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。,The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。,is,is,either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。,二、就近原则,

9、Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.,2. 1) Every and (every) 2) each and (each) 3)no and (no), 4) many a and (many a)连接两个单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.,3. one/every one/each/either/

10、the number+of +复数名词作主语， Each of the students has a book. 谓语用单数。,Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.,三、概念一致原则,所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。,1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,All of the apples _rot

11、ten. 所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。,are,is,None of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。 None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里。,is,is,2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。,Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他

12、们的作文。 Half of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了。 About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.,have,is,are,3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。,His family _going out. 他们全家要外出。 His family

13、_all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。,is,are,4. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。 Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。,(一).就前一致: (即谓语动词与前面的中心词一致) 名词 A + + 名词 B 这样的结构

14、做主语，谓语动词仅与 A 一致。 1.Mary, together with her parents, _ (去过) the Summer Palace twice. 2.The teacher as well as her students _ fond of popular music very much. 3. All but Tom _(know) the truth so far.,with; together with; along with but; except; besides including; as well as; in addition to not; rather

15、 than; like.,has been to,-,is,-,have known,-,4.He, rather than you, _ (应受责备) (二).就后一致: (即谓语动词与后面的中心词一致) + 名词 作主语时， 谓语动词取决于后面名词的数 1.One third of the students in our class _ girls. 2.Seventy percent of the surface of the earth _ covered with / by water.,分数 + of ; 百分数 + of some of ; part of ; half of ;

16、 most of ; the rest of ; .,is to blame,-,are,-,is,-,-,3.Half of the project _ (complete) in the past two months. 4.Some students are studying in the classroom, while the rest _ enjoying the performances. (三) 就近一致： 连接的词作 主语，谓语 动词与最邻 近的主语一 致,or eitheror neither.nor not onlybut also not but There be,ha

17、s been completed,-,are,1._ you or he to attend tomorrows meeting? 2.Either you or he _ mistaken. 3.Neither Mary nor her parents _ in for rock music. 4.There _ a pen and some books on the table.,Are,is,go,is,(六) 分两种情况对比掌握: 1.集合名词如 family, team, class, group, population 作主语, 如果作为一个整体看待, 谓语用单数. 如果指集体里每

18、一个成员,谓语用复数. 1.Our class _ a big one. Our class _ fond of music.,is,are,2. The population of China _ far larger than that of Japan. Eighty percent of the population in China _ farmers. 2. 单复数同形的词如 sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means(方法,手段), works(著作, 工厂) 作主语, 谓语动词应根据上下文取决单复数. 1.Every means _ been t

19、ried to solve the problem. All means _ been tried to solve the problem.,is,are,has,have,2.There _ a newly- built chemical works. 3.一些总是以复数出现, 成双成对的事物如 trousers, shoes, glasses, gloves 等 如果单独出现, 谓语用复数, 如果前面有 a / this / that pair of 修饰, 谓语用单数. 1.The trousers _ mine. 2.This pair of trousers _ mine.,is/

20、 stands,are,is,4. 1. A number of people _(own) cars now. 2.The number of people who own cars _ (increase) every year. 5. 1.The aged _ being cared for in the community. 2.The beautiful _ not always good. 6. 1. A singer and dancer _ been invited to the party. 2. A singer and a dancer _ been invited to

21、 the party.,own,is increasing,are,is,has,have,7. Tom is one of the workers who _ fired by the company last week. Tom is the only one of the workers who _ fired by the company last week. 8. A large quantity of water _ wasted every year. Large quantities of water _ wasted every year.,were,was,is,are,9. 下列句子有什么特点?