长难句分析1.ppt

1、长难句分析1,1、The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm. 2、The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have t

2、he cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly.,长难句的构成： 句子=主语+谓语+宾语 长难句=主语+（限定短语）+（限定从句）+谓语+宾语+ （限定短语）+（限定从句） +状语（时间，地点，目的等） 很多难句的由来是在简单句的名词后面增加了补充说明的限定成分，使句子在提供更多信息的同时变得相对复杂！ 修饰名词，不修饰动词！,名词加限定从句： 书丢了。 这句话缺少一些信息，即到底是哪本书破了呢，没有限定说明： “书”是指哪一本书，是黄颜色的那本书，是刚买来的那本书，还是祖传的那本书呢？ 补充信息： “（我昨天

3、从图书馆借的）书丢了。” 汉语中喜欢把定于放在名词前，但是英语中一般会把相对长的定语放在名词后面，作为补充限定。 英语结构： “书（我昨天从图书馆借的）丢了”。 名词需要一个限定，以避免歧义 常见的限定从句：定语从句，同位语从句，主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句,名词加限定短语： 限定短语可以看做是限定从句的简化，如同在名词后面加了一个括号 我会写汉字。 我会写汉字（简体）。 书丢了。 书（绿色的）丢了。,常见的限定短语: 非谓语动词: to do, done, doing A、To do 表示目的，“为了” B、Doing 是现在分词，表示主动、正在 C、Done 是过去分词。表示被动、完成 _

4、(give） him more help, we have to do everything we can. _(give) him more time, he could do it better. _(give) him our help, we felt very happy. 正在教室讲课的老师 昨天晚上写完的作业 要在下个月执行的计划 The teacher speaking in the class The homework finished last night The plan to be carried out next month,1、The employee at the

5、 home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm. 主干： The employee is an obvious asset to the firm. 主语：the employee 员工 短语限定：（at the home office） (在国内办公的) 从句限定： who can communicate well with foreign clients over the teleph

6、one or by fax machine 能够通过电话或传真与国外客户很好交流 翻译：这位在国内办公但能通过电话或传真与国外客户很好交 流的员工，对于公司而言，无疑是一笔财富。,2、The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly.

7、主干： The employee has an opportunity，and can have the cultural insight 一个主语做了两件事情：员工有一个机会，并且拥有文化洞察力。 怎样的员工？拥有怎样的机会？怎样的洞察力？,（1）对主语“employee”加限定： The employee （posted abroad） who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity.（被派往海外）并（能说该国主要语言的）员工拥有一个机会。 （2）对宾语“opportunity”作限定： opportunity （

8、to fast-forward certain negotiations）（加快某些谈判进程的）机会。 （to fast-forward certain negotiations）这个短语部分起到补充说明作用，类似括号的功能，说明机会的内涵。 （3）对宾语“the cultural insight”作限定： the cultural insight （to know when it it better to move more slowly）（知道什么时候慢些会更好的）文化洞察力。 （to know when it it better to move more slowly）这个短语部分起到了

9、补充说明的作用，也类似一个括号的功能，说明文化洞察力的内容。,如何分析长难句： 突破点：谓语！ 任何句子都必须有谓语动词，所以找到一个谓语动词就可以拆下来一个句子。 理解难句的基本步骤是： 1）识别出有哪几个谓语动词； 2）找出主句的谓语动词，先理解主句； 3）再去理解从句和短语。,While enriching their imagination, books widen their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure properly. Work, for most American

10、and Chinese women aged 55 and under, involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.,While enriching their imagination, books widen their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure properly. 结构： 本句中有个 三谓语动词widen, develop 和

11、 train，主语都是books. enrich前面省略了主语，用了非谓语动词. 拆分： Books enrich their imagination. Books widen their outlook. Books develop a fact-finding attitude Books train them to use leisure properly. 翻译：在丰富人们想象力的同时，书还会拓展人们的视野，培养人们求真务实的精神，帮助人们合理安排闲暇时间。,Work, for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under, inv

12、olves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well. 结构： 本句中只有一个谓语动词：involves。for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under是插入语。for后面的内容修饰responsibility，而a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well为并列结构。 拆分： work involves res

13、ponsibility. for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under Responsibility （for a house hold, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well. ） 翻译： 对于大多数美国和中国的55岁或者以下的妇女而言，工作的全部职责包括了负责家务、照顾孩子以及在家务之外还要上班。,To a large degree，the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we

14、are able to live in the present moment Without question，many of us have mastered the neurotic art of spending much of our lives worrying about a variety of things all at once We allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present moments，so much so that we end up anxious，frustrated，depre

15、ssed，and hopeless Unfortunately，the same mental dynamics that tell us to look toward the future will only repeat themselves so that someday never actually arrives,To a large degree，the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present moment 结构： 本句中有两个谓语动词，is

16、determined 和 are able to. by 后面接一个宾语从句。 拆分： to a large degree, the measure of our peace of mind is determined by How much we are able to live in the present moment. 翻译： 在很大程度上, 我们内心是否平和是由我们是否能生活在现实之中所决定的。,Without question, many of us have mastered the neurotic art of spending much of our lives worry

17、ing about a variety of things all at once 结构： 这一句中含有一个谓语动词 have mastered，spending 是介词后跟动名词用法，worrying 是spend in doing的用法。 拆分： (Without question, ) many of us have mastered the neurotic art (of spending much of our lives worrying about a variety of things ) (all at once) 翻译: 毫无疑问，我们很多人掌握了一种神经兮兮的艺术，即把

18、生活中的大部分时间花在为种种事情担心忧虑上-而且常常是同时忧虑许多事情。,We allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present moments，so much so that we end up anxious，frustrated，depressed，and hopeless 结构： 第二句中含有两个谓语动词 allow 和 end up. To dominate 是不定式用法。 So much so that 如此以至于 拆分： We allow past problems and future concern

19、s (to dominate our present moments) (so much so that) we end up anxious，frustrated，depressed，and hopeless 翻译： 我们听凭过去的麻烦和未来的担心控制我们此时此刻的生活，以致我们整日焦虑不安，萎靡不振，甚至沮丧绝望。,Unfortunately，the same mental dynamics that tell us to look toward the future will only repeat themselves so that someday never actually ar

20、rives 结构： 本句中有三个谓语动词tell, repeat 和 arrive. 主句谓语为 repeat 和 arrive, tell 为定语从句的谓语。 拆分： Unfortunately，the same mental dynamics will only repeat themselves (that mental dynamics tell us to look toward the future) so that someday never actually arrives 翻译： 不幸的是，如此告诫我们朝前看的大脑动力只能重复来重复去，以致“有朝一日”永远不会真正来临。,Un

21、fortunately，the same mental dynamics that tell us to look toward the future will only repeat themselves so that someday never actually arrives 结构： 本句中有三个谓语动词tell, repeat 和 arrive. 主句谓语为 repeat 和 arrive, tell 为定语从句的谓语。 拆分： Unfortunately，the same mental dynamics will only repeat themselves (that menta

22、l dynamics tell us to look toward the future) so that someday never actually arrives 翻译： 不幸的是，如此告诫我们朝前看的大脑动力只能重复来重复去，以致“有朝一日”永远不会真正来临。,Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find th

23、e full expression of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their specia

24、l conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.,Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children disabled or not to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are mo

25、difying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.,Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we

26、find the full expression of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. 结构： 第一句中两个谓语动词：主句谓语are , 定语从句谓语live。第二句中三个谓语动词，强调句谓语is, 主句谓语 find，定语从句 are passed on 注意强调句句型：it is that 拆分： Both the family and the society （in which exceptional children liv

27、e） are often the key（ to their growth and development.) it is in the public schools that we find the full expression （of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears ）（ that are passed on to the next generation.） 翻译： 特殊儿童所处的家庭及社会环境常常是他们成长和发展的关键。 正是在公立学校里我们感受到了社会知性的充分体现传授给下一代的知识、希望和恐惧。,The

28、great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. 结构： 两个谓语动词：主句谓语indicates, 同位语从句谓语deserve。Shown 不

29、是谓语动词，是过去分词做定语，修饰 interest . Whatever their special condition 是插入结构，可先忽略不看。 拆分： The great interest （in exceptional children ）（shown in public education over the past three decades ）indicates the strong feeling （in our society） all citizens, （whatever their special conditions,） deserve the opportunit

30、y（ to fully develop their capabilities.） 翻译： 过去30年间公共教育所表现出的对特殊儿童的巨大关注表明了存在于我们社会中的那种强烈的感受，即所有公民，不论情况特殊与否，都应该得到全面发展其能力的机会。,Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children disabled or not to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to prov

31、ide that education. 结构： 三个谓语动词: 主句谓语 have confirmed 和 have ordered, court decisions 带两个并列的宾语从句。宾语从句谓语 take. disabled or not 是插入结构，先忽略不看。 拆分： Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children（ disabled or not ）（ to an appropriate education） and （Recent court decisions） have ordered that

32、 public schools take the necessary steps （to provide that education. ） 翻译： 最近的法庭裁决已再次确定了所有儿童不论残疾与否都有接受相适应的教育的权利，并已命令公立学校采取必要的措施来提供这种教育。,In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular progr

33、ams. 结构: 本句有三个谓语动词：主句谓语are modifying, 定语从句谓语 are 和 cannot profit . Adapting 是非谓语动词，主语仍为 schools. adapt to使适应于 拆分： In response, schools are modifying their programs, （Schools are） adapting instruction to children who are exceptional to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 翻译：

34、作为回应，学校也在调整课程安排，使授课能够适应特殊儿童，适应那些不能从常规课程中真正获益的儿童的需要。,A code of conduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last. Readers turn naturally to books because their curiosity

35、concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to escape from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and spirit. while establishing their own relationships and responses to life, the readers often find that t

36、he characters in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.,A code of conduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are percei

37、ved to finish last. 结构：本句中有三个谓语动词, 主句谓语为is hard, is exhausted和are perceived 属于由in which 引导的并列定语从句。 拆分： A code of conduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep in which nice people are perceived to finish last 翻译： 在一个人人都疲于加班、缺乏睡眠

38、的社会里，在一个好人被认为最后才会成功的社会里，我们是很难建立什么守则的。,Readers turn naturally to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to escape from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and spirit. 结

39、构：本句中有两个谓语动词，主句谓语为 turn to， 原因状语从句谓语为lead to，其主语为their curiosity, their eagerness and their need. 拆分： Readers turn naturally to books because 1）their curiosity （concerning all manners of things） 2）their eagerness（ to share in the experiences of others ） 3）and their need （to escape from their own lim

40、ited environment ） lead them to find in books food for the mind and spirit.,Readers turn naturally to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to escape from their own limited environment lead them to find in

41、 books food for the mind and spirit. 翻译： 读者会自然而然地去读书，因为他们对一切东西都好奇，他们渴望分享别人的经历，他们需要从自己受到限制的环境中解脱出来这一些，都引导他们在书中为自己的精神和心灵寻找食粮。,while establishing their own relationships and responses to life, the readers often find that the characters in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own. 结构：本文中有四个谓语动词，主句谓语为find， establishing 其实也是主句的谓语动词，用了非谓语动词的形式；are going through 是宾语从句的谓语，help to 是非限定定语从句的谓语。 拆分: While The readers establish their own relationships and responses to life the readers often find th