读写Lecture7.ppt

1、Lecture 7,Alice,BEA Confidential. | 2,一. 主体写作技巧 二.托福作文万能理由 三.托福作文常用句型,BEA Confidential. | 3,主体写作技巧,1. Comparison and contrast,BEA Confidential. | 4,比较段 My hometown and my college town have several things in common. First, both are small rural communities. For example, my hometown, Gridlock, has a po

2、pulation of only about 10,000people. Similarly, my college town, Subnormal, consists of about 11,000 local residents. This population swells to 15,000 people when the college students are attending classes. A second way in which these two towns are similar is that they are both located in rural area

3、s. Gridlock is surrounded by many acres of farmland which is devoted mainly to growing corn and soybeans. In the same way, Subnormal lies in the center of farmland which is used to raise hogs and cattle,BEA Confidential. | 5,My hometown and my college town have several things in common. First, my ho

4、metown, Gridlock, is a small town. It has a population of only about 10,000 people. Located in a rural area, Gridlock is surrounded by many acres of farmland which are devoted mainly to growing corn and soybeans. Gridlock also contains a college campus, Neutron College, which is known for its Agricu

5、ltural Economics program as well as for its annual Corn-Watching Festival. As for my college town, Subnormal, it too is small, having a population of about 11,000 local residents, which swells to 15,000 people when students from the nearby college are attending classes. Like Gridlock, Subnormal lies

6、 in the center of farmland which is used to raise hogs and cattle.,BEA Confidential. | 6,常用比较连词 Similarly, in the same way Likewise, X is similar to Y in that the same X and Y are similar in that the same Like X, Y also One way in which X is similar to too Y is that both Another way in which X is si

7、milar to Y is that,BEA Confidential. | 7,常用对比连词 However, on the other hand, In contrast, even though ,but whereas ,yet unlike while nevertheless,BEA Confidential. | 8,2. Cause and Effect,常用因果联系词 Since as a result because of In that be attributable to as therefore due to Consequently for this reason,

8、BEA Confidential. | 9,注意逻辑关系 Because the weather outside was cold, Sally closed the window. The weather outside was cold because Sally closed the window.,BEA Confidential. | 10,3. Advantages and disadvantages 两者比例,BEA Confidential. | 11,4. Classification A recent survey gives us insight into the att

9、itudes of From until X surveyed a number of Y He found that he could classify X into three categories. The first type of X engaged in A second group, adopted Y,BEA Confidential. | 12,5. Chronological divided the history of X into three distinct phases The first of these phase dates back to X when Ar

10、ound , X changed. By , however, X had been redefined a third time. In this phase,BEA Confidential. | 13,注意问题： 1. 排序用词 A. 两点排序 not just but also not onlybut also eitheror X is not the only as well as or this coupled with this together with,BEA Confidential. | 14,e.g.: This coupled with the larger tha

11、n ever numbers of students from variegated backgrounds, and the need for more high quality research being undertaken produces excessive pressure on academic and administrative staff here in the University of Glamorgan and other institutions.,BEA Confidential. | 15,B. 多点排序 As well as, another feature

12、 of , the other beauty of is the most serious problem, another problem is, a subtler problem is.,BEA Confidential. | 16,2. 例证法 注意例子的典型性和准确性,BEA Confidential. | 17,独立写作主体段写法： 对比比较 因果关系 优缺点 分类讨论 时间顺序,BEA Confidential. | 18,独立写作万能理由,BEA Confidential. | 19,万能理由,方便，安全，成就，效率，环保，交流，利他， 情感，性格，经验，乐趣，耐久，经济，健康

13、 e.g.1: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People should take a secure job immediately when finding one instead of waiting for the job that they find more satisfying.(2010.6.12NA) e.g.2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? High school students should take a cou

14、rse on basic economics. (10.02.27 NA),BEA Confidential. | 20,托福常用句型,BEA Confidential. | 21,托福常用句型,一. 倒装 二. 插入 三. 强调,BEA Confidential. | 22,倒装,完全倒装 e.g.: So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. In came the teacher and the class began. e.g.: Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 yea

15、rs after the Second World War is the countrys impressive population growth.,BEA Confidential. | 23,2. 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装 地点副词：here, there 时间副词：now, then 动词：be, come, remain, stand, fall, follow, go, seem, etc. 主语： n. e.g.: Under that tree sits a beautiful girl. Down jumped the thief from the tenth floo

16、r.,BEA Confidential. | 24,二.部分倒装 部分谓语放到主语前，起强调 e.g.: Were she to leave right now, she would get there on Sunday. 否定词开头的句子 e.g.: Not until yesterday did little John change his mind. In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.,BEA

17、Confidential. | 25,经典句式,1. 倒装句 否定副词位于句首，主谓倒装 “live in a small town or in a big city?” e.g.: A small city does not have as much excitement as big city in general. Seldom/hardly/scarcely does a small town have as much excitement as a big city.,BEA Confidential. | 26,Exercises: A new factory would cont

18、aminate the living space of most of our citys inhabitants to some degree. Seldom can a factory be established without contaminating the living space of most of our citys inhabitants to some degree.,BEA Confidential. | 27,B. Only/especially under special/extreme/ these circumstances+从句（倒装） e.g.: 如果工厂

19、不污染，我们就不用加以管制。 Only under special circumstances when the factory pollutes, do we need to regulate it. e.g.: 喝酒是一种很特别的庆祝方式。 Only under special circumstances, such as wedding and celebrations, do we drink.,BEA Confidential. | 28,Exercises 我相信开一座新工厂的风险一定会超过其潜在利益 。 I believe only in extreme circumstance

20、s, does the potential profits of building new factory surpass its risks.,BEA Confidential. | 29,C. not only , but also e.g.: I not only like oranges, but also enjoy apples. Not only do I like oranges, but also enjoy apples.,BEA Confidential. | 30,插入语,1. Weapons of mass destruction are technologies w

21、ith a large negative effect. Some technologies, such as weapons of mass destruction, have a large negative effect. 2. A new factory would contaminate the living space of most of our citys inhabitants to some degree. A new factory, especially one containing chemical or radiation, would contaminate th

22、e living space of most of our citys inhabitants adversely.,BEA Confidential. | 31,1. 常用作插入语副词 indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly, naturally, luckily for sb, fortunately, strangely, honestly, briefly, etc. e.g.: Strangely, he has not been to the school. Still more strangely, he has not calle

23、d me. Fortunately, I found the book I had lost.,BEA Confidential. | 32,2. 常见作为插入语的形容词或短语 strange to say, needless to say, most important of all, worse still e.g.: Strange to say, he should have done such a thing. Most important of all, you each overfulfilled your own task.,BEA Confidential. | 33,3.

24、常用作插入语的介词短语 in a few words, in other words, in a sense, in general, to our knowledge, to my joy/satisfaction/ surprise/astonishment/amazement, as a matter of fact, etc. e.g.: She knows much more about computer science than the other students do, for instance.,BEA Confidential. | 34,4. 常作插入语的分词短语 str

25、ictly speaking, generally speaking, judging from e.g.: Judging from his letter, a campaign against “white pollution has been undertaken in his hometown.,BEA Confidential. | 35,5. 常作插入语的不定式短语 to be sure, to sum up, to be conclusive e.g.: To be sure, community service can aid re-employment. To start w

26、ith, China is ready to strengthen scientific and technological cooperation with many countries.,BEA Confidential. | 36,很明显，我们不能否认全球化的负面影响。据我所知，全球化会破坏很大比例的内地企业。但老实讲，我不同意这个说法。因为总体上(长远来讲)全球化好处大于坏处。因为事实上挑战和机会是并存的。,BEA Confidential. | 37,很明显 apparently, obviously, clearly. 很明显，我们不能否认全球化的负面影响,BEA Confiden

27、tial. | 38,Apparently/ obviously/ clearly/, we can not deny the negative influences of globalization.,BEA Confidential. | 39,据我所知 To my knowledge 据我所知，全球化会破坏很大比例的内地企业。,BEA Confidential. | 40, To my knowledge，it would destroy large percentage of domestic enterprises.,BEA Confidential. | 41,说实话 Honest

28、ly; frankly 但老实讲，我不同意这个说法。,BEA Confidential. | 42,Honestly/frankly, I can not agree with such statement.,BEA Confidential. | 43,总体来讲 （长远来讲） Generally; overall （in the long term） 因为总体上(长远来讲)全球化好处大于坏处。,BEA Confidential. | 44,Generally/overall （in the long term）, the benefits outweigh the problems,BEA

29、Confidential. | 45,事实上 as a matter of fact 因为事实上挑战和机会是并存的。,BEA Confidential. | 46,As a matter of fact, challenges come hand in hand with opportunities.,BEA Confidential. | 47,强调句,主要句型 it is /was +被强调的部分+that/who +原句其他部分 e.g.: All this happened on Monday night. It was Monday night that all this happe

30、ned. e.g.: He blamed on me. It was me that he blamed.,BEA Confidential. | 48,Exercises,Energy is much needed now. And nuclear plants are clean and economical. They can produce vast amount of energy. But people, especially local residents are very concerned about safety. They hold a strong negative a

31、ttitude toward them. Nuclear plants are clean and economical way of producing vast amount of much needed energy, though, people, especially local residents, who are very concerned about safety, hold a strong and negative attitude toward them.,BEA Confidential. | 49,2. Some people succeed. Other peop

32、le fail. The difference is not the number of opportunities. It is whether they can take advantage of opportunities. Opportunities will arise in the course of ones life, though they are rare. One essential difference between those who succeed and those who fail is the extent to which they take advant

33、age of opportunities, rather than the total number of opportunities, which will inevitable arise, if rarely, in the course of ones life.,BEA Confidential. | 50,3. College students are now primarily interested in the grades and economic success. They are expected to cheat more frequently. They are un

34、like those graduated ten years ago. They are only interested in their own personal future and consider little the problem of society. College students, primarily interested in the grades and economic success, are expected to cheat more frequently than those graduated ten years ago, and are far less

35、concerned with the problem of society than with their own personal future.,BEA Confidential. | 51,个人成就中英转换,BEA Confidential. | 52,现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前压力大，休闲时间越来越少。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展的必然结果，无法避免。,BEA Confidential. | 53,These days, people in growing number are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result .,BEA Confidential. | 54,根据最近一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。,BEA Confidential. | 55,