状语 英语课件

1、Adverbial 状语是用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或整个句子的句子成分. 充当状语的一般为副词(词组), 名词(词组), 介词短语, 不定式短语, -ed分词短语, -ing分词短语,等. 1.副词词组 We like this picture very much.The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. 2.名词词组 They worked day and night.We must serve the people heart and soul.,名词作状语的用法归纳 (1) 表示时间的名词前面有one, some, the,

2、 this, that, last, next, every, all 等词修饰时。 Many common injuries happen every day in the home. 每天家里会发生一些常见的外伤事故。 Which subject is he going to study this term? 这学期他将学什么课程？,(2) 表示时间的名词修饰其后的 ago, since, before, after, week, month等词时。 I saw him two weeks ago. 我在两周前见过他。 Many years later, he became a milli

3、onaire. 很多年过去了，他成了百万富翁。 (3) 名词或名词词组前的during或 for省略之后，名词就直接作了状语。 Could you wait (for) a few days for the money? 这钱，你们可以等几天吗？ Nothing happened (during) the whole vacation. 整个假期，什么事也没发生。,(4) 表示数量的名词，放在long, broad, wide, high, tall, deep, strong, thick, old等形容词之前，作状语。 The bridge is 3000 metres long. 这座桥

4、有3000米长。 He is thirty years old. 他三十岁了。 (5) 表示次数、距离、方向、程度、价值、状态的名词作状语。 Take this medicine three times a day. 这种药一天服用三次。 Come this way, please. 请这边走。,(6) 比较级前的名词也是直接作状语。 I got up an hour earlier than usual. 我今早上比平时早起了一个小时。 3.介词短语 She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. To everyones surprise, Mr. King r

5、efused. 4.不定式短语 My father was surprised to hear the news. It is too hot to wear the coat. 5.-ing分词短语 They entered the room, talking and laughing.,6.-ed分词短语 Einstein walked along the street, lost in thought. Given more time, I would have done much better. 7.从句 Was it snowing when you left the cinema?

6、 Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away.,状语的分类: 状语按照内容可分为时间, 地点, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步, 方式, 程度, 伴随状况等. 1.时间状语 I often get up early. He came to Shanghai last month. 2.地点状语 He studies at the First Middle School. She works a long way from home. We ate our picnic under some trees.,3

7、.原因状语 They came late because of the rain. He jumped for joy. 4.目的状语 He stopped to have a look. He went to buy an evening newspaper. 5.结果状语 The book is too difficult for them to read. I arrived too late to catch the train.,6.条件状语 Ill come to see you if I have time. I cant do it without your help. 7.方

8、式状语 Mr. Pattis replied with a laugh. Mr. Gao often goes to work by bike. 8.程度状语 I feel quite well. I really enjoyed it. This problem is difficult enough.,9.频度状语 He usually eats at home. He is always fond of talking. 10.让步状语 Although it was late, he went on working. They succeeded in spite of all dif

9、ficulties. 11.伴随状语 She stood there, listening to the radio. He entered the room with a book under his arm.,状语的位置: 英语中状语的位置比较灵活,影响状语位置的因素很多,如强调的程度,句子的平衡及状语本身的长短等都可以影响状语的位置. 1.修饰谓语的状语通常放在谓语(及宾语)之后. He walked very quickly. I saw him the other day. The match was put off because of rain. 2.有多个状语时,一般把单位小的

10、放在单位大的前面,地点状语常放在时间状语之前,方式状语一般放在时间,地点状语之前.,3.表示频度的副词如often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, ever, never, rarely, generally, constantly等,通常放在主动词前,情态动词,助动词,be动词后. He is always busy. I usually go to work at eight in the morning. 4.不定式短语作目的状语一般放在句末,有时为了强调也可放在句首,作结果状语则常放在动词后面. Most countries use these

11、 satellites to send and receive messages. To make himself understood, he raised his voice.,Two years later, her father disappeared, never to be heard from again. 5.-ing分词短语作方式,伴随状语常放在被修饰的动词后,作时间,原因状语等常放在句首,作结果,目的状语常位于句末. They are now at breakfast, talking about the plan for their trip. Having finish

12、ed my homework, I went out to play football. The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only the bones.,状语从句 状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在从句中不充当成分.根据从句表达的意思不同,可分为时间,地点,原因,条件,目的,结果,让步,比较等状语从句. 1.时间状语从句 引导的从属连词有:when, whenever, after, before, as, as soon as, while, till/until, since, once. 如果主句是一般将来时,在时间状语

13、从句中用一般现在时. As the students watched him quietly, he mixed the three liquids together. When this soil is destroyed, the forest land will become sand again.,有时名词every time, the next time, the next day, the moment等也可以起从属连词的作用,引导时间状语从句. Every time you get back at night, you drop your shoes on the floor.

14、Dont stop every time you come to a word or phrase you dont know. The next time you see a watch, look at the back. I didnt have a penny the last time I saw you. The moment he reached the country, he started his research.,有些副词如immediately, instantly, directly等也可以起从属连词的作用,引导时间状语从句,表示一就 The young lady r

15、ushed into the room immediately she heard the noise. Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet. 2.地点状语从句 一般由where, wherever引导. We should to where we are needed. Where there is no rain, farming is difficult. You can take it with you wherever you go.,3.原因状语从句 一般由because, since, as, now that等引导.

16、I dont drink beer, because I have to drive home after the party. Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. Why do people come to his lecture since he is difficult to understand? Now that they could ride horses, it became easier to hunt the bison.,4.条件状语从句 一般由if, unless, once, as/so long as等

17、引导. Dont touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. You may stay in my room, as long as you are quiet. If you work hard, you are sure to succeed. Hell be OK if do one small operation. Once you begin, you must continue.,5.目的状语从句 一般由that(以便), so that, in order that等引导. Drive carefully so that ev

18、eryone can enjoy a long life. She got up early in order that she might be in time for class. so that引导目的状语从句时,从句中常有may, can, could等情态动词,而引导结果状语从句时一般不与情态动词连用. He got up early so that he could catch the train. He got up early so that he caught the train.,6.让步状语从句 一般由though, although, as, even if/thoug

19、h, no matter who/what/how, whatever, whoever, however, while, despite, in spite of 等引导. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. Im determined to enjoy myself as much as possible, even though I cant see everything. No matter what (whatever) he says, I dont believe him. Ho

20、wever (No matter how) hard he tries, he never seems able to do the work well.,1) 在正常语序中的让步状语从句，通常用although, though, while, as, even though等引导从句，可在主句前，也可在主句后。 although较正式些， though口语化， while可与though互换，但while不太常用， 含有强调意味。 Although /Though/ While/ Even though the work is hard, I enjoy it.,2) 让步状语从句中的动词用

21、一般现在时表将来或一般的行为时，常用even though/if，但从句中含有情态动词时也可though 来引导从句用 一般现在时表示习惯性行为。I wont attend the party even though/if I am invited.Though you may not like beer, try a glass of this.,3) 让步状语从句中的动词用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设时，常用even though /if.He isnt stupid. Even though/if he were slow in study, he shouldnt give up hi

22、s studies.,4) 倒装语序的让步状语从句中起强调作用常用though/ as, 这种从句常放在主句前，她的词序是要把形容词,副词,动词或名词放在连词前，常有以下几种结构：A. Adj./ adv. + as / though + 主语+ 其他成分B. V. + as + S. + Model V. + 其他成分C. N. + as + S. + 其他成分 这种从句前的名词不要冠词，但名词前若有形容词修饰，则需要冠词。,Cold as it was, they went on working on the farm.Try as she might, she couldnt open

23、the door.Child as he is, he knows a lot.A little child as he is, he knows a lot.,6)让步状语从句用although/though/even though等引导时，不能与but连用，但可与yet或still连用。 Although /Though/ While/ Even though he tried his best, (yet/still) he failed.,7) no matter how/who/what/when/where 等只引导状语从句,而what/who/when/where +ever 既可引导状语从句又可引导名词性从句. Whoever/No matter who breaks the law, he will be punished. Whoever breaks the law will be punished.,7.比较状语从句 一般由asas, not as/soas, than引导. English is as important as maths. It