Architecture.ppt

1、Architecture,Features,Timber framework Dougong structure: a system of brackets inserted between the top of a column and a crossbeam; dou (a double bow-shaped arm); gong (a block of wood) mortiseandtenonjoints榫卯 The principle of balance and symmetry Wooden Upturned eaves and zoomorphic ornaments Colo

2、rful decorations,Different types of architectures,Quadrangle dwellings,The embodiment of Hierarchy in architecture,Best-direction-Sitting on the north and facing south Second position-Two side rooms For guestroom facing north For servantsattached rooms; corner rooms North side is water in five eleme

3、ntsavoid fire Main entrance on southeastwind of eight trigramsthe coming of good luck,feature,The use of natural landscape Facing south at the foot of hills Local Stone as the material Advantage: Quiet; warm in winter and cool in summer Disadvantage: damp in summer, dim light in room and poor ventil

4、ation,Fengshui,arrow,Hui-styled buildings,Built by business menfengshui; water in the village is considered important One surname as a village Accumulating water in the courtyard Fireproof wall Ancestral hall is part of the scenery,features,Defensiveonly one entrance More than one-meter-thick wall F

5、irst floorkitchenno window facing outside Second floorfor barn and tools Third floor and above-bedroom,Clay House,井干式,Resembling the railings Around the Traditional Chinese well,开平碉楼,Appeared in late Ming together with overseas Chinese culture Rectangular-shaped Narrow door and window to prevent bul

6、lets loophole枪眼 on the top Watching tower The adoption of western style like Gothic，arcade骑楼，barrack兵营 Played important role in anti-Japanese war,What causes the different styles of the houses,Living environment Availability of material Ethnic culture,bridges,Structures and Ornaments,pagoda,Shape Sq

7、uare Hexagonal Octagonal Twelve-sided circular,categories,Tower-style pagoda Multi-eaved pagoda; dense-eaved pagoda vajrapagoda Lamaist pagodas; white pagoda,stupa,Paifang: Archway; gateway,Functionsmanifestation of ethics and norms 1.In honor of official for their deeds 2. Scholars for excellent pe

8、rformance in imperial examination 3.Widows remaining chaste, even after death 4. Children who are filial to parents,types,Loyalty archway Chastity archway Filial piety archway,Tower archway,Say something about the four archways in Kunming.,Cultural connotation of architectures,Architecture and hiera

9、rchy,Double-roofed Wudian-style: four-sided sloped roof,Xieshan-styled roof: sloped roof with triangular gables under roof ridge,Yingshan-styled roof: roof confined within the gables,Roof without a tangible roof ridgeroof exceeding gables,Pyramid-like roof (polygonal roof),Discussion,What do you thi

10、nk of “arranged marriage” and “similar family background” in marriage? Why can “arranged marriage” last for centuries despite its irrationality? What are some pluses and minors of “freedom to choose ones spouse”? In marriage, do you prefer “birds of the same feather flock together” or “the attractiv

11、eness of the opposite”? Whats your opinion of “one should get married on coming of age (男大当婚，女大当嫁）？ Should university students allowed to have boy or girl friends?,Ventilation; natural air-conditioning,Water stays in the courtyard,石敢当,Get rid of evil spirit Repress ghost Get rid of bad luck,Architec

12、ture and Fengshui,What is Fengshui? Is Fengshui superstition or science? How is architecture related to Fengshui? What are some principles to decorate an apartment that you find reasonable and scientific, and some that are superstitious? (living room? Bathroom? Kitchen? Bedroom? Furniture arrangemen

13、t? Plant? Electronics? Location? ),Architectural design,Librarystairs Shopping mallno stairs; limited number of entrances,Chinese Gardens,5 key elements of Chinese gardens,Water-the pulse Of the Gardens,拙政园水廊,留园闻木樨香轩,留园紫藤,5 key elements of Chinese gardens,Rockeries: the technique and art,Rockery ser

14、ves as the embodiment and imagination of mountains,5 key elements of Chinese gardens,Constructions have practical function and enrich the scenery,5 key elements of Chinese gardens,Plants: decoration,5 key elements of Chinese gardens,Couplets, Stele and Carved stone: the spirit of a garden,Techniques

15、 used in Chinese gardens:,障景 抑景 透景 借景 对景,Types of Chinese gardens,imperial garden private garden landscape garden Religious garden,imperial garden,for the imperial families large is size color: colorful, red pillar, yellow glazed tiles show dignity, authority, grandness, magnificence, imposing Mater

16、ial: variety of material construction: styles are different location: north layout (3 sections) : 1.administrative section: front court 2.residential section 3.recreational section : for recreation, lake, mountain,Summer Palace,舫,Private garden,Multiple function: residence, lodging, gather together

17、relatively small artificial landscape Main colors: white and grey style: different from each other (owners taste and individual style),Humble Administrators Garden （拙政园）,The Lion Forest Garden “Kingdom of Rockeries狮子林,Landscape Garden,for general public largest numbers of public gardens try hard to

18、merge in the surroundings Culture: many people visit them, leave couplets, painting, calligraphy plants and vegetation,Religious Garden,attach to religious buildings. near mountains and far away from hustle and bustle serene environment solemn and mysterious atmosphere.,Useful expressions,中国园林 人工景色

19、塔 蜿蜒的长廊 凉亭 水榭 皇家花园 楼阁,Chinese gardens Man-made scenery Pagoda Zigzagging corridor Kiosk Waterside kiosk Imperial garden pavilion,华表 景中有景 私家园林 风景园林 颐和园 圆明园 假山 对联 对称,Ornamental column Scenery contained in scenery Private garden Landscape garden The Summer Palace Garden of Garden Rockery Couplet Symmet

20、ry,An Introduction to Classical Chinese Gardens,Nature Within Walls For centuries, Chinese gardens have displayed a delicate harmony between the forces of nature and mans creations. These luxurious gardens provide a spiritual heaven from worldly worries.,明轩,Task,Look at the picture and compare the differences between a Chinese garden and a western,The Blue Wave Pavilion (沧浪亭),Features of Chinese gardens,Showing grandeur by group architectures