6周 口译 Sight Interpretation(1)ppt课件

1、.,Sight Interpreting (1),.,What is Sight Interpreting? The Types of Sight Interpreting How to prepare for Sight Interpreting ? The Practice of Sight Interpreting Tips for Sight Interpreting Principles in Sight Interpreting Basic Skills in Sight Interpreting,.,What is Sight Interpreting?,视译是什么? 1视译就是

2、口译员一边看文稿一边将文稿的内容译出： 1)必须在很短的时间明白文句的意思(message)。 2)将前后的逻辑关系整理清楚。 3)转换成译文(target language)的文字精准，语法又顺畅无误。 4)表达要维持流畅，不能支支吾吾，或添加赘词。,.,The Types of Sight Interpreting,视译的种类 1逐步视译(Consecutive Sight Translation) 2同步视译(Simultaneous Sight Translation) 3有稿同步口译(Simultaneous Interpretation With Text) 4有稿逐步口译(Con

3、secutive Interpretation With Text) 视译既是口译工作的一种，也是训练接续传译和同声传译的基础。,.,How to Prepare for Sight Interpreting,Fast reading Skimming and scanning Translating key points Attention to the beginning and end Flexible switch Ability to predict Fluent and appropriate expression Segmentation,.,The Practice of Si

4、ght Interpreting,视译的练习 1)首先要将断句做得很熟练，记号的系统因人而异，视自己使用的习惯而不同，但大体上都以单、双斜线断句。 2)一般把稿子的长句依意义单位(meaning unit)用单斜线分割成较小而且一次能处理的单位，再用双斜线表示一个完整的概念在此结束。,.,Recessions are known to cause money shortages,but Taiwanese criminals arent letting that slow them down. The economic squeeze means locals are spending les

5、s at key sources of gangland incomesuch as illegal brothels and gambling stalls. Organized crime syndicates have found a straightforward solution to the problem：Printing their own dodgy dough. As a result, Taiwan is awash with counterfeit cash; the number of fake bills seized by policehas increased

6、fivefold (in the last year). Additional copying of U.S., Hong Kong and Chinese currencies is giving Taiwan a reputation ( as the regions capital of bogus bills.) 其中的单斜线、双斜线即为断句的依据。 而括号则提醒译者该部分的位置要往前调动。 也有划底线或表示插入的补充记号( )，或是将该句的关键词圈起来等，无非是为了快速理出讯息的重点，提醒处理的顺序。 因为英文的时间、地点的词组通常在句尾，而中文则在句首居多，所以用括号标示提醒。 英

7、文常有修饰的词组、子句出现在后面的情形，若短的话，译入中文时，也适宜将定词调到修饰字的前面，所以也用括号标示。 若修饰的词组、子句太长，则应另起句子说明。,.,做法： 1选一篇材料，进行中英互翻。通常建议选一些较有时效性的材料，如新闻、发言等。 2速度要尽量均匀，不要停顿太久，不要有过多“呃”“这个”“那个啥”这样的语气词。 3初级阶段尽量使用顺译技巧。到高级阶段时，可以做到一目一行或几行，并同时能够理解内容，熟练用另一种语言最适当的结构将材料翻译出来。 注意：要练好视译是不容易的，最好自己坚持每天都练一两篇，每篇都反复地练，直到能够很顺畅，语言准确到位地翻译出来。材料是中文、英文的都无所谓，

8、重要的是双语互翻。,.,e.g. China overtook Germany to become the worlds third-largest economy in 2007 after the Chinese authorities revised upwards the figures for growth during that year. 以此段为例： （初级版）中国已超越德国成为世界上第三大经济强国，这是在2007年继中国官方修订上升的数据所表明的当年的增长。 （高级版）中国已赶超德国成为世界第三大经济强国，这是2007年中国修订当年的增长数据所表明的。 overtook是过去

9、时，所以“已”是不能少的字眼，那么中德是不相伯仲的overtook，还是已然超越的overtook呢？译员的立场要求中立，在不能明确判断的情况下，斟酌后该用“赶超”这类比较中性的词稳妥一点。,.,Tips for Sight Interpreting,表达时应注意事项 1) 不可回头重说(backtrack) 2) 译者的视觉距离(perceptual span)不够大，或read ahead习惯不够熟，或讯息处理(message processing)的能量不足，或是标示记号不够周全，都会造成必须重新安排讯息单位次序的窘境。 3) 若是遗漏重要的讯息，则可另外加一句补足意思。 4) 视译的时

10、间通常以不超过原文朗诵时间的一又三分之一为准。 5)在决定取舍之间要学到如何迅速分辨主要意思(major idea)和次要枝节(minor detail)。 6)表达要流畅，无赘音。 7)表达应简洁、明自、无赘语。要能掌握讯息的重点，还要明白中文的巧妙，以最少的词语来表达意思，恰到好处，而不是一字对一字。 8)出现this、that、these、those，往往需要加以说明，指的是什么： Their top concern was indeed total compensation. But, intangible factors taken together like work-life b

11、alance, leadership quality. far outweigh money in their decisions to stay or leave. And we found that the longer an associate is with us, pay matters less and these factors matter more. These factors若译成这些无形的因素就比这些因素更清楚。,.,Sight interpreting exercise,他荣获跳高冠军。 中国人口众多。 发展是硬道理。 法治就是保障。 课堂秩序很差。 这是必修课程。 不

12、要急于求成。 考试不是目的。 你的电脑有病毒。 我们天天上网。 天空万里无云。 地球绕着太阳转。,He won the high jump championship. China has a huge population. Development is the only way out. Government by law is the guarantee. The class is in a state of chaos. This is a required course. Dont be in a hurry to succeed. Examination is not the pur

13、pose. Your computer has got a virus. We go on line every day. There is no cloud in the sky. The earth moves around the sun.,.,人生短暂,艺术千秋。 我脚跟上有个水泡。 包太重了拿不动。 月亮高高挂在天上。 他的罪行使他送命。 他把这件事置于脑后。 这是逃避现实的疗法。 人工心脏现已能造。 他昨天得呆在家里。 我们搞不到必要设备。 每个人生活都有甜有苦。 当众说话对于他是痛苦。 警察确认他是小偷。 这两个国家互相侦察。,Life is short and art is l

14、ong. I have a blister on my heel. The bag is too heavy to carry. The moon is high in the sky. His crimes cost his life. He put this matter out of his head. This is an escapist therapy. Artificial hearts can be made now. He had to stay at home yesterday. We cannot get the necessary equipment. Every l

15、ife has its roses and thorns. Speaking in public is an agony to him. The policeman identified him as the thief. The two countries spy on each other.,.,Principles for Sight Interpreting,顺句驱动，配合以适当的预测和调整 1. Syntactic Linearity 顺句驱动 Linearity interpreter closely follows the source-language structure an

16、d lexical choices in interpreting 2. Anticipation 适度超前 Anticipation interpreter predicts the potential information in the source language and interprets it into the target language before the actual utterance of the original speech 3. Readjustment 随时调整,.,1. Syntactic Linearity 顺句驱动,Linearity interpr

17、eter closely follows the source-language structure and lexical choices in interpreting 为了避免语言结构重大调整对人脑认知负荷的影响，口译员常常是在总体上依照英文的行文次序，把整个句子切分成意群单位或信息单位，再使用连接词把这些单位连接起来，译出整体意思。 E.g. 所有人/都可以借助互联网信息资源/来学习，不论他们是哪个民族、/何种性别、/何种肤色，/只要他们可以接入互联网。 All / can study / by relying on Internet resources / regardless of

18、 their races, / nationalities / and sex / providing that they could have access to the Internet.,.,2. Anticipation 适度超前,指口译过程中的预测技能，就是在意思还不完整的情况下，译员靠自己的能力、知识及临场经验，预测发言人可能要讲的内容而进行“超前翻译”，从而赢得时间，紧跟发言人进行同步翻译。 E.g. 套话口译： 我谨代表 对与会代表表示热烈欢迎/并预祝本次大会（取得圆满成功）/ Please allow me to be on behalf of to extend our w

19、armest welcome to the participants of this conference and wish the conference a success.,.,3. Readjustment 随时调整,指译员根据接收到的新内容调整信息、纠正错误、补充漏译的重要环节。 E.g. My country will submit its report between now and Kyoto. 我国将提交自己的报告，时间是在京都会议召开之前。,.,Basic Skills in Sight Interpreting,1. Segmentation 断句 2. Conversio

20、n 转换 3. Repetition 重复,.,1. Segmentation 断句,对原语按照意群进行切分，并以此为单位进行翻译。在无法及时预测下文内容时，需要加入一些连接词，进行调整。 I come to China at an important time. 我来到中国，正逢一个重要的时刻。 They built the bridge in two months. 他们修建这座桥，只用了两个月的时间。 It is nevertheless many years since our two worlds first touched. 但是，多年以前，我们两个世界就开始接触了。 The sp

21、eed of integration in international trade of LDCs (less developed countries) has been slow. 国际贸易的一体化速度（融入国际贸易的速度），就最不发达国家而言，一直是缓慢的。 They will get the preparation done before considering other proposals. 他们要把准备工作做完，然后再考虑其他建议。,.,Worries have mounted / that there will be blackouts / during the summer /

22、 when demand surges / due to heavy use of air-conditioning. 这句话包含了五个相对独立的意义概念：（1）worries have mounted;（2）there will be blackouts；（3）during the summer;（4）demand surges;（5）due to heavy use of air-conditioning。 有经验的视译员在一目可及的范围内可以把（2）和（3）合成一个意义概念，那么译成中文则是：（1）担心加剧；（2）夏季会停电；（3）需求激增；（4）因为空调使用频繁。 通过连接语把这几个类

23、意群结合起来就是： 人们越来越担心，夏季会进行限电管理（前文提到用电高峰期限电管理），那时对电量需求加大，因为空调使用频繁。 按照类意群划分标准给长句断句后，要保证视译译文表达通顺、清晰，增加衔接词极其关键。增加的衔接词不仅是表达逻辑关系的连词，出现重复词语现象时，也要注意所增加词汇与上下文搭配是否恰当。 Executive Vice President also said that the utility was discussing the issue of compensation for victims of the nuclear crisis with the government

24、 but no final decision had been made yet. Executive Vice President also said/ that the utility was discussing the issue/ of compensation for victims of the nuclear crisis/with the government/ but no final decision had been made yet. 执行副总裁还说/公司公共事务部正在讨论的议题是/给核危机受害者提供赔偿/这次讨论是与政府之间进行/但最终决定尚未作出。 （The ci

25、tys sudden growth spurt has also bred greed.）People have become very materialistic and want to make fast money. （1）人们变得非常物质化；（2）而且想挣快钱。 （1）人们变得非常物质化；（2）而且想很快地挣到钱。 （1）人们变得非常物质化；（2）大家都想要挣钱；（3）而且钱要来得快。,.,2. Conversion 转换,指词性的转换。同英语相比，汉语的动词比较丰富，而介词贫乏，没有分词。有时，特别是出于顺句推动的需要，可以采用词性转换。 Every state is the bes

26、t judge of what is required to safeguard its national security. 各国自己才能最好的判断，需要什么来保卫自己的国家安全。 A better knowledge of local culture can help our work. 更好的了解当地文化，能帮助我们开展工作/有助于我们的工作。 They want to use military force against so-called terrorist countries. 他们想使用武力来对付所谓的恐怖主义国家。,.,3. Repetition 重复,使用适当的重复，可以帮助

27、争取时间，组织语言，有时可加强汉语的节奏感，有助于调整双语之间的差距。 Aristotle, the greatest of ancient Greek writers, had written a work containing all the knowledge of his time. 亚里士多德，是（这位）古希腊最伟大的作家，（他）曾写过一本著作，这本著作包含了他那个时代的所有知识。 I hope this meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time. 我希望这次会议不要太长，太长了只会浪费时间。 The orga

28、nization remains a valuable tool at the disposal of international community. 本组织仍是一种宝贵的工具，一种能为国际社会服务的宝贵工具。,.,.,Sight Interpreting Exercise,（C-E） 发展中国家、最不发达国家以及一些岛屿国家的经济发展近年来遇到比较严重的问题。 Developing countries, the least developed countries and some island countries have encountered serious problems in t

29、heir economic development. 中国政府对全面贯彻落实“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“高度自治”的决心是坚定不移的。 With regard to the comprehensive implementation of the policies of “one country, two systems”, “Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong” and “a high degree of autonomy”, the determination of Chinese government will never change.,.

30、,（E-C） We can work out fairly plausible explanations for such major extinctions and for the continuing fast pace of evolution. Twentieth century history shows the impressive adaptive capacity of international relations based on multinational principles and norms. The answer to the question whether o

31、ne should continue to use the method depends in part on what other forms of solutions is available. Member states identified human rights as a central issue for the future agenda of the organization and of the world community in general. It is known to all that oxygen is necessary for the breathing

32、of animals and plants, and for burning. 我们能够相当合理地解释如此大量的物种灭绝以及生物进化步伐加快的原因。 二十世纪的历史表明，国际关系具有惊人的调整适应能力，其基础是多边原则和准则。 要知道是否应继续使用这一方法，这部分取决于是否还有其他的解决方法。 成员国已确定人权问题时本组织未来议程中的一个核心问题，同时也是整个国际社会未来议程中的核心问题。 众所周知，氧气是必不可以少的，对于动植物的呼吸是必不可少的，对于燃烧也是必不可少的（也是如此）。,.,Sight Interpreting Exercise,Your honor Mr. Mayor, la

33、dies and gentlemen, I feel pleased and honored to come here on my first visit to this dynamic and beautiful city. On behalf of all the members of my mission, I would like to take this opportunity to express our profound thanks to our host for their earnest invitation, grand reception and gracious ho

34、spitality. I would also convey to Mr. Mayor and the people of Shanghai warm greetings and good wishes from the government and people of the city of New York. 市长先生阁下、女士们、先生们： 这是我首次访问你们这座富有活力的美丽城市，我为此深感荣幸。我愿借此机会，代表我们代表团的全体成员对东道主的诚挚邀请、隆重接待和盛情款待表示深深的谢意。同时我也想向市长先生和上海人民转达纽约市政府和人民的热烈问候和良好祝愿。,.,您一定是我们久盼已久的客

35、人，来自哈佛大学的威廉斯教授吧。请允许我作自我介绍。我叫王刚，正在上海海事大学攻读经济管理学士学位。我们十分感谢您不辞辛劳远道来访我院。我为能在这里接待您而深感荣幸和愉快。 You must be our long-expected guest, Prof. Williams from Harvard University. Please allow me to introduce myself. My name is Wang Gang. I am studying for my bachelors degree in economic management at Shanghai Maritime University. We appreciate very much that you have come to visit our university in spite of the long and tiring journey. I feel pleased and honored to meet you here.,.,It is with this awareness that