英语单词的上下义关系

1、Hyponymy -上下义关系,Outline,Definition of hyponymy Superordinate and subordinate Use of superordinate and subordinate Some details out of the book,Hyponymy 上下义关系,Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general wo

2、rd.,Hyponym (subordinate) 下义词,Hyperonym (superordinate) 上义词,Example,rose,lily,tulip,flower,Example,parrot,sparrow,oriole,bird,Attention:,Hyponymy can be describes in terms of tree-like graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinate. Their status either as superordinate or subor

3、dinate is relative to other terms.,Tree-like graphs,Living things,creature,plant,animal,insect,horse,dog,pig,cockroach,mare,vegetable,flower,tree,cabbage,rose,pine,hound,swine,Trees surround the water near our summer place. Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin. I met a writer who is the

4、relation of a politician. I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley.,usage,Subordinates: concrete precise vivid Superordinate: general vague However, this does not mean that subordinate are better than superordinate.,usage,She likes dogs and other animals.There is no flower mo

5、re beautiful than a rose.I like all fruits except bananas.She reads book all day mostly novels.,usage,Distinction: Hyponymy and Meronymy,Meronymy mrnm n. the semantic relation that holds between a part and the whole 整体部分关系,1、the relationship between the whole and its membership 整体和成员之间的关系,e.g. 学生 小学生、中学生、大学生. 车 轿车、客车、吉普车、卡车. Hyponymy 构成上下义,2、the relationship between the whole and its component 整体与其构件的关系,e.g. 火车车头、车厢、车尾 人头、胳膊、手、脚 部分代表不了整体，不能构成上下义关系,钢琴、小提琴、长笛乐器 Musical instruments 钢笔、粉笔笔 Pen chalk-没有对应的上义词,Attention,Attent