修辞学课件ppt.ppt

1、永不磨灭的美神 - Diana Spencer,生日：1961年7月1日出生于英国诺福克，是爱德华斯宾塞伯爵的小女儿 结婚：1981年7月29日与威尔士亲王查理斯结婚 生子：1982年6月21日长子威廉王子出生，1984年9月15日次子哈里王子出生。 离婚：1996年8月28日 双方解除婚约，戴安娜获准保留“威尔斯王妃”头衔 逝世：1997年8月31日 因车祸死于法国巴黎 葬礼：1997年9月6日葬礼，安葬在她父亲的家族墓地，北安普敦郡的奥尔索普,1997年9月6日上午，戴安娜王妃的葬礼在英国伦敦举行，参加葬礼的人排成6.5公里的送葬队伍，100多万人等在送葬队伍两侧，向戴安娜王妃表达他们最后

2、的敬意。包括美国第一夫人希拉里在内的世界要人和普通民众共25亿人通过电视观看了葬礼。,永不磨灭的美神 -戴妃弟弟厄尔斯潘塞伯爵在戴妃葬礼上的演讲，它以巧妙的人称转换，完美结合的表达手法和灵活搭配的句式，既向世界宣告了戴安娜王妃的圣洁和高尚，也表达了自己和全部敬仰戴爱娜的人们的哀痛之情，,The rhetorical devices used in this speech (1)Anaphora(前部重复) (2)Euphemism（委婉语） (3)Irony（讽刺） (4)Apostrophe（对无生命的物体抒情）,Anaphora(前部重复） Definition: The delibera

3、te repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive verses, clauses, or paragraphs;,Function: The repetition in an anaphora helps to convey a sense of intensity, emphasis, force, insistence, seriousness, determination. Examples: We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on t

4、he landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills (Winston S. Churchill). I needed a drink, I needed a lot of life insurance, I needed a vacation, I needed a home in the country. What I had was a coat, a hat and a gun.(Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lov

5、ely),Anaphora will repeat an opening phrase or word;Anaphora will pour it into a mould (absurd)!Anaphora will cast each subsequent opening;Anaphora will last until its tiring.(John Hollander, Rhymes Reason: A Guide to English Verse. Yale Univ. Press, 1989),Its the hope of slaves sitting around a fir

6、e singing freedom songs; the hope of immigrants setting out for distant shores; the hope of a young naval lieutenant bravely patrolling the Mekong Delta; the hope of a millworkers son who dares to defy the odds; the hope of a skinny kid with a funny name who believes that America has a place for him

7、, too.(Barack Obama, The Audacity of Hope, July 27, 2004),IN The Passage (1)Diana was the very essence of compassion, of duty, of style, of beauty. The sentence emphasizes good qualities of Diana in order to arouse peoples memory to Diana . Here anaphora make the sentence powerful and emotional.,（2）

8、All over the world, she was a symbol of selfless humanity. All over the world, a standard bearer for the right of the truly downtrodden, a very British girl who transcend nationality. (emphasis) （3）Without your God-given sensitivity we would be immerse in greater ignorance at he anguish of Aides and

9、 HIV sufferers, the plight of the homeless, the isolation of lepers, the random destruction of landmines. (draw the audiences echo),（4）It is a point to those at the opposite end of the moral spectrum. It is a point to remember that of all the ironies about Diana, perhaps the greatest was this a girl

10、 given the name of the ancient goddess of hunting was, in the end, in the end, the most hunted person of the modern age. (create a strong cadence and a spiritual life),Euphemism(委婉语),“A language without euphemisms would be a defective instrument of communication.” -Robert Burchfield,1. Definition of

11、 euphemism Euphemism is a figure of speech. It is the substitution of an inoffensive, mild or pleasant expression for a more unpleasant one, or for a term which evokes more directly a distasteful or taboo subject.,2. Functions of euphemism: to give a better sounding name, to soften the shock of real

12、ity or, sometimes, to cover up dreadful facts,3. Commonly used euphemisms for unpleasant subjects: (i) About disease, death, old age : cancer - the big C , long illness; graveyard - memory garden (记忆花园) ; old or retired people - senior citizens (较年长或资格较高公民) ;,(ii) About poverty and unemployment: the

13、 poor - the needy , the underprivileged; unemployment - out, the less fortunate, between job, self-employed; (iii) About crimes: prison - correctional center ; murder - take care of; to be jailed - to live at the governments expense,(iv) About jobs and professions: hairdresser - beautician, hair sty

14、list ; dishwasher - bubble dancer (气泡舞蹈家) ; maid - domestic help, live-in help (v) About war and military action:aggression , invasion (入侵) - political action , pre-emptive action (政治行动、先发制人的行动) ; retreat (撤退) - strategic withdrawal (战略转移) ;,4. Examples in the text: Today is our chance to say thank

15、you for the way you brightened our lives ,even though God granted you but half a life. We will all feel cheated always that you were taken from us so young and yet we must learn to be grateful that you came along at all. 今天是一个机会，我们要说谢谢你，你的榜样照亮了我们的生活，虽然天主只给了你一半的生命。我们常感到像受欺骗似的，你那样年轻，就给带走了。然而我们必须懂得感恩，你

16、还是来过了。,分析：In this paragraph, the speaker used “God granted you but half a life” poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep, moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. -Francis Bacon The power of language is great and it is more powerful when it is added by rhetorical dev

17、ices, especially when you are delivering a speech in front of a large audience.,Figures of speech can increase vividness of language and the impact of language. Vivid language can arouse the audiences interest, hold their attention and enhance their comprehension so that they will be deeply impresse

18、d by it. Figures of speech can be used to embellish, emphasize or clarify expressions, to make language more colorful, more forceful, more explicit, and thus making communication more efficient and more effective.,2、The importance of learning English Rhetoric,Rhetoric is a humanistic discipline which enables us to understand those choices and the processes of communication by which we make them. Learning English is for the main purpose of effective communication, which results from a good command of language in listeni