微电子专业外语

1、专业外语,姓名：陈军宁 蔺智挺 时间：二一三年五 月,Basic MOS Device Physics,The first step is to determine the simplest device model that can represent the role of each transistor with reasonable accuracy. 注意： reasonable,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Basic MOS Device Physics,NMOS versus PMOS Devices In most CMOS

2、 technologies, PMOS devices are quite inferior to NMOS transistors. For example, due to the lower mobility of holes, UpCox 0.25UnCox in modern processes, yielding low current drive and transconductance.,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Basic MOS Device Physics,Moreover, for given dimensions

3、and bias currents, NMOS transistors exhibit a higher output resistance, providing more ideal current sources and higher gain in amplifiers.,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Basic MOS Device Physics,For these reasons, it is preferred to incorporate NFETs rather than PFETs wherever possible. 注

4、意： incorporate包含;加上;吸收,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Basic MOS Device Physics,Long-Channel versus Short-Channel Devices In this chapter, we have employed a very simple view of MOSFETs so as to understand the basic principles of their operation.,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Sin

5、gle-Stage Amplifiers,Amplification is an essential function in most analog (and many digital) circuits. We amplify an analog or digital signal because it may be too small to drive a load.,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,In this chapter, we study the low-frequency beh

6、avior of single-stage CMOS amplifiers. Analyzing both the large-signal and the small-signal characteristics of each circuit, we develop intuitive techniques and models that prove useful in understanding more complex systems. 注意： intuitive, complex systems,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,int

7、uitive, complex systems,intuitive ntu:tv, -tju:- adj.直觉的；凭直觉获知的；直观的 complex systems复杂系统,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,An important part of a designers job is to use proper approximations so as to create a simple mental picture of a complicated circuit. 注意： mental p

8、icture,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,mental picture,mental picture 记忆图像 Mental 英 mentl adj.内心的，精神的，思想的，心理的；智慧的,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,The intuition thus gained makes it possible to formulate the behavior of most circuits by inspection rather than

9、by lengthy calculations. 注意： inspection, lengthy,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,inspection, lengthy,inspection英 nspekn n.检查；检验；视察；检阅 lengthy 英 leki:, le- adj.长的，漫长的；冗长的；啰唆的,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,Following a brief review of basic concepts, we descr

10、ibe in this chapter four types of amplifiers: common-source and common-gate topologies, source followers, and cascode configurations. 注意： common-source, common-gate, source followers, cascode,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,common-source,common-source 共源 common-gate 共栅 source followers 源跟随

11、cascode共发共基，共源共栅 Topology 英 tpldi n. 拓扑,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,In each case, we begin with a simple model and gradually add second-order phenomena such as channel-length modulation and body effect. 注意： begin with,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Sing

12、le-Stage Amplifiers,Basic Concepts The input-output characteristic of an amplifier is generally a nonlinear function (Fig.3.1) that can be approximated by a polynomial over some signal range. 注意： polynomial,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,polynomial,polynomial 英 plinumjl adj.多项式的，多词学名(指由两个以

13、上的词构成的学名)的,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,The input and output may be current or voltage quantities. For a sufficiently narrow range of x.,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,where can be considered the operating (bias) paint and the sma

14、ll-signal gain.,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,(3.2) provides a reasonable approximation, and higher order terms are insignificant. In other words, , indicating a linear relationship between the increments at the input and output.,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Ci

15、rcuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,As x increases in magnitude, higher order terms manifest themselves, leading to nonlinearity and necessitating large-signal analysis. 注意： manifest, leading to, necessitating,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,lead to, necessitating,to 为介词，因此后面应跟doing Hard work lea

16、ds to success. All roads leads to Rome. necessitat 英 nisesiteit vt.使成为必要,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,From another point of view, if the slope of the characteristic (the incremental gain) varies with the signal level, then the system is nonlinear.,Design of Analog

17、 COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,What aspects of the performance of an amplifier are important? In addition to gain and speed, such parameters as power dissipation, supply voltage, linearity, noise, or maximum voltage swings may be important. 注意： dissipation n 消失；浪费；,Design of Analog

18、 COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,Furthermore, the input and output impedances determine how the circuit interacts with preceding and subsequent stages. 注意： interact ntrkt相互作用,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,In practice, most of these parameters trade

19、with each other, making the design a multi-dimensional optimization problem. 注意： multi-dimensional多维的:多重的,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,Illustrated in the “analog design octagon”, such trade-offs present many challenges in the design of high-performance amplifiers,

20、 requiring intuition and experience to arrive at an acceptable compromise. 注意： octagon, trade-off, compromise,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,octagon, trade-off, compromise,octagon 英 ktgn八边形，八角形 trade-off交易； 权衡 compromise vi. 折中解决； 妥协，退让,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage

21、 Amplifiers,Common-source stage with resistive load By virtue of its transconductance, a MOSFET converts variations in its gate-source voltage to a small-signal drain current, which can pass through a resistor to generate an output voltage.,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Ampli

22、fiers,We study both the large-signal and the small-signal behavior of the circuit. Note that the input impedance of the circuit is very high at low frequencies.,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,Analysis (1):If the input voltage increases from zero, M1 is off and Vout

23、= VDD. As Vin approaches VTH, M1 begins to turn on, drawing current from RD and lowering Vout.,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,(2):If VD VG VTH, M1 is in saturation, where channel-length modulation is neglected, and at point A: Vout = Vin1 VTH.,Design of Analog COMS

24、Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,Using above equation as the input-output characteristic and viewing its slop as the small-signal gain,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,Small-signal model for the saturation region,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Sing

25、le-Stage Amplifiers,(3):For Vin Vin1, M1 is in the triode region, If Vin is high enough to drive M1 into deep triode region, Vout 2(Vin VTH), then,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,Equivalent circuit in deep triode region,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single

26、-Stage Amplifiers,Even though derived for small-signal operation, the equation predicts certain effects if the circuit senses a large signal swing.,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,Since gm itself varies with the input signal, the gain of the circuit changes substanti

27、ally if the signal is large. 注意： substantially本质上,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,Single-Stage Amplifiers,In other words, if the gain of the circuit varies significantly with the signal swing, then the circuit operates in the large-signal mode. 注意： significantly值得注目地,Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit,课上作业,I