在职研究生英语复习考试2017同等学力申硕 短文完成专题

1、同等学力申硕英语 短文完成,logo,概说,短文完成是同等学力申请硕士学位英语水平考试考试大纲第六版中新增加的题型。 短文完成是词汇、完形填空和阅读理解三种题型的综合，该部分重点考察考生的词汇、句法和阅读能力之外，还考察考生把握文章结构，掌握作者思路的能力。,句法基础,现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五

2、种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,英语五种基本句型列式如下：,基本句型一： + （主谓） 基本句型二： + （主谓表） 基本句型三： + （主谓宾） 基本句型四： + （主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五： + （主谓宾宾补）,练习,1 . lucy and mary / get up early every morning. 2. everything / looks / different. 3. he /play /computer games. 4. she / cooked / her husband / a delicious meal. 5. they / painted /

3、the door / green.,从简单句到复杂句,1、we found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 2、we found the great hall full of students and teachers. 3、we found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 4、we found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report

4、made by a writer from the peoples daily on current affairs in east europe.,解题技巧应用,a. whether we like it (56) _ b. have to (57) _ accept c. that exists (58) _ planet earth the film shows how wonderfully gentle and caring elephants are, and just how intelligent and “human” they are as well. people (59

5、) _ that we humans are, in fact, animals. (60) _, we are still part of the whole. every species (61) _ has a role to play. the role of humans has, on the whole, been destructive. humans need to have more respect for nature.,解题技巧应用,a. whether we like it (56) _c_ b. have to (57) _a_ accept c. that exi

6、sts (58) _b_ planet earth the film shows how wonderfully gentle and caring elephants are, and just how intelligent and “human” they are as well. people (59) _b_ that we humans are, in fact, animals. (60) _a_, we are still part of the whole. every species (61) _c_ has a role to play. the role of huma

7、ns has, on the whole, been destructive. humans need to have more respect for nature.,a:watch b: information c: with,a. associate (62) _ a 22-minute reduction in their life expectancy b. lived an average 4.8 years less than those who didnt (63) _ any television c. when they collected tv viewing (64)

8、_ sitting in front of the television may be relaxing, but spending too much time in front of the tube may take years off your life. thats what australian researchers found (65) _ from more than 11,000 people older than 25 years. the study found that people who watched an average six hours of tv a da

9、y (66) _. also, every hour of tv that participants watched after age 25 was (67) _. the more tv you watch, the less physically active you are. and the less exercise you get, the more likely you are to develop diseases such as diabetes or heart problems.,a:watch b: information c: with,a. associate (6

10、2) _c_ a 22-minute reduction in their life expectancy b. lived an average 4.8 years less than those who didnt (63) _a_ any television c. when they collected tv viewing (64) _b_ sitting in front of the television may be relaxing, but spending too much time in front of the tube may take years off your

11、 life. thats what australian researchers found (65) _c_ from more than 11,000 people older than 25 years. the study found that people who watched an average six hours of tv a day (66) _b_. also, every hour of tv that participants watched after age 25 was (67) _a_. the more tv you watch, the less phy

12、sically active you are. and the less exercise you get, the more likely you are to develop diseases such as diabetes or heart problems.,a：hard economic times b：carbon accountingc:qualified workers d: large and active students clubs,a：hard economic times b：carbon accountingc:qualified workers d: large

13、 and active students clubs,a:pitch in b:agenda c:recycled,a. a greater demand for the (56) _ materials b. seems to be on the (57) _ c. feels moved to (58) _ and help we hear it a lot in the news these days: “recycled newspapers and save a tree. collect bottles and cans so they can be reused in the m

14、anufacturing of new products. ” protecting our delicate environment (59) _ of politicians, government leaders, and citizens in many parts of the world to show support for mother nature. the concept of green consumerism has gained momentum more and more over the last decade, and the public (60) _. ho

15、wever, three essential keys needed to power this movement include a more informed public, the development of improved technology, and (61) _.,a:pitch in b:agenda c:recycled,a. a greater demand for the (56) _c_ materials b. seems to be on the (57) _b_ c. feels moved to (58) _a_ and help we hear it a

16、lot in the news these days: “recycled newspapers save a tree. collect bottles and cans so they can be reused in the manufacturing of new products. ” protecting our delicate environment (59) _b_ of politicians, government leaders, and citizens in many parts of the world to show support for mother nat

17、ure. the concept of green consumerism has gained momentum more and more over the last decade, and the public (60) _c_. however, three essential keys needed to power this movement include a more informed public, the development of improved technology, and (61) _a_.,解题技巧总结,短文完成中文章长度约为90160个字，均为说明文体，内容

18、涉及文化、社会、科技，篇幅短小，结构严谨，通常在文章的第一句话揭示文章的主题，此后内容层层推进，层次清楚。解题过程分两步走，首先挑选单词或者短语补全语言段，然后挑选语言段补全短文。 一、补全语言段： 统一词性，统一时态，统一形式，考生所做的主要是辨析词义和搭配 。 补全语言段所提供的备选答案往往词性各不相同，短语则是名词短语、动词短语、介词短语等都会涉及，考生解题时要判断词性或者短语的性质。,解题技巧总结,例如： 1）associated _ a 22-minute reduction in their life expectancy, 此处涉及到一个固定搭配associate with, 且

19、备选答案中只有with这个介词。 2）lived an average 4.8 years less than those who didnt _ any television, 此处缺少一个谓语，备选答案中只有一个动词watch可以作谓语。,解题技巧总结,2. 少数情况下，备选答案中有词性相同或者同为一种类型的短语的情形，这时可以用分别代入语言段判断语言段的含义是否符合逻辑。 例如：we can derive strength and positivity _ that come our way, 此处从句法上看适合填入一个介词短语，备选答案为介词短语的有两个：in spite of the

20、 challenges和with each inspiring page，代入后发现with each inspiring page在意思上不太符合逻辑，而in spite of the challenges正好把意思补充完整。,解题技巧总结,（二、补全短文） 在准确完成第一个步骤之后，接下来考生要做的就是把三个或者四个语言片段放入短文当中，使之符合逻辑，结构完整 这个部分考题的解题思路是：先读短文，了解短文大意，然后重点阅读含有空白的句子，分析空白处在句子中担任的成分，以及该成分对应的语言形式，从备选答案中选择符合条件的选项，可以先确定自己比较有把握的句子，然后采用排除法确定其他的答案，最后

21、把短文从头到尾完整的阅读一遍，检查是否符合逻辑。 我们在阅读含有空白的句子的时候，首先观察它是否具有主语、谓语和宾语三个主要部分，然后是各种状语（时间状语，目的状语，原因状语，让步状语，条件状语等），定语或者宾语补足语。如果句子是复合句，则根据连词来判断主句和从句。,解题技巧总结,（二、补全短文） 1. 给出的空白前后都有句号，说明空白处应该是一个完整的句子。 2. 句子只有主语，缺少谓语和宾语等其他成分。我们只需要在选项中选择含有做谓语的动词的句子 ：例如：the study found that people who watched an average six hours of tv a

22、 day _. 3. 空白处前面有一个连词，其余部分是一个完整的句子。例如：street art has become a global culture and even art museums and _. （galleries are collecting the work of street art.） 4. 一个完整的句子加上一个空白。 1） _, we are still part of the whole. 关键：状语或者从句,逻辑检查,值得一提的是，不管我们采用何种技巧来答题，在短文完成之后我们都应该完整的阅读一遍，一是检查所填部分有没有不符合语法和句法规则的地方，而是检查所填部

23、分在内容上有没有不合逻辑，违背文章大意脉络走向的地方。,短文完成专项训练,（一） a: evidently b:at times of b:like a. look (1) _a fool b. (2) _to a significant degree c. the way it would (3) _ physical danger why is stage fright so universal when it does not pose a physical threat? our self-confidence and self-esteem are threatened, (4) _

24、. no normal person wants to (5) _.consequently, a speaking situation does involve threat, not physical but psychological. the brain instructs the body to react exactly (6) _. in essence, the brain tells the body, get ready to fight off the danger or to run away from it.,短文完成专项训练,（一） a: evidently b:a

25、t times of c:like a. look (1) _b_a fool b. (2) _a_to a significant degree c. the way it would (3) _c_ physical danger why is stage fright so universal when it does not pose a physical threat? our self-confidence and self-esteem are threatened, (4) _a_. no normal person wants to (5) _a_.consequently,

26、 a speaking situation does involve threat, not physical but psychological. the brain instructs the body to react exactly (6) _c_. in essence, the brain tells the body, get ready to fight off the danger or to run away from it.,短文完成专项训练,（二） a: far b:selling c:largely a. it is (7) _too soon b. so repor

27、ts of sales are (8) _inaccurate c. (9) _everything from computer gear to income tax preparation service the internet offers, among other things, an electronic mall with scores of retailers, (10) _. as with anything on the internet, it is highly decentralized, with no one authority keeping track of t

28、ransactions, (11) _. but many of the reports are discouraging. but (12)_ to sound the death knell(丧钟)for electronic retailing. one reason, say analysts and service providers, is that consumers are only beginning to understand the possibilities of the new technology.,短文完成专项训练,（二） a: far b:selling c:l

29、argely a. it is (7) _a_too soon b. so reports of sales are (8) _c_inaccurate c. (9) _b_everything from computer gear to income tax preparation service the internet offers, among other things, an electronic mall with scores of retailers, (10) _c_. as with anything on the internet, it is highly decent

30、ralized, with no one authority keeping track of transactions, (11) _b_. but many of the reports are discouraging. but (12)_a_ to sound the death knell(丧钟)for electronic retailing. one reason, say analysts and service providers, is that consumers are only beginning to understand the possibilities of

31、the new technology.,短文完成专项训练,（三） a: as fast as b:outscoring them c:less and less d:concentrate on a. he stumbles (13) _ b. who were reading almost three times (14) _the other children c. still (15) _on accuracy, comprehension and vocabulary d. so he can (16) _the meaning of the text a child learns t

32、o read by sounding out the letters and decoding the words. with practice, (17) _, reading by the phrase. with automaticity, he does not have to think about decoding the words, (18) _. it can begin as early as first grade. in a recent study of children in illinois schools, alan rossman of northwest u

33、niversity found automatic readers in the first grade (19) _ and scoring twice as high on comprehension tests. at fifth grade, the automatic readers were reading twice as fast as the others, and (20) _.,短文完成专项训练,（三） a: as fast as b:outscoring them c:less and less d:concentrate on a. he stumbles (13)

34、_c_ b. who were reading almost three times (14) _a_the other children c. still (15) _b_on accuracy, comprehension and vocabulary d. so he can (16) _d_the meaning of the text a child learns to read by sounding out the letters and decoding the words. with practice, (17) _a_, reading by the phrase. wit

35、h automaticity, he does not have to think about decoding the words, (18) _d_. it can begin as early as first grade. in a recent study of children in illinois schools, alan rossman of northwest university found automatic readers in the first grade (19) _b_ and scoring twice as high on comprehension t

36、ests. at fifth grade, the automatic readers were reading twice as fast as the others, and (20) _c_.,短文完成专项训练,（四） a:to b:scope c:with a. a large population gives more (1) _for b. (2) _feed a large population c. could be obtained (3) _a small population the advantages and disadvantages of a large popu

37、lation have long been a subject of discussion among economists. it has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. (4)_, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than (5) _. other economists

38、have argued that (6) _specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.,短文完成专项训练,（四） a:to b:scope c:with a. a large population gives more (1) _b_for b. (2) _a_feed a large population c. c

39、ould be obtained (3) _c_a small population the advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. it has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. (4)_b_, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. thus,

40、each person produces less and this means a lower average income than (5) _c_. other economists have argued that (6)_a_ specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.,短文完成专项训练,（五） a:lik

41、ely b:conclusive c:susceptible a. is not (7) _b_about b. also were (8) _c_to alcoholism c. was more (9) _a_to take up this evidence in itself (10) _a_anything. after all, it may be the constant exposure and easy access to alcohol that cause the children of alcoholics to become alcoholics themselves.

42、 but there is more evidence. the study found that children born of alcoholic parents but raised by non-drinking foster parents (11) _b_. this group of offspring (12) _c_drinking than youngsters who were born of and raised by non-drinking parents.,短文完成专项训练,(六) a:over b:only c:completely a.wanting (7)

43、 _to sleep b.cleaned out all her closets (8) _ c.becoming so (9) _energized some people seem to lose all their energy and drive, (10) _. others react in exactly the opposite way, (11) _that they cant find enough activity to burn off their excess energy. for instance, one woman said she (12) _and was

44、 ready to go next door to start on her neighbors. both these extremes, however, eventually level off. the symptoms may be intense for two or three days, but within 10 to 14 days after quitting, most subside. the truth is that after people quit smoking, they have more energy; they generally will need

45、 less sleep, and feel better about themselves.,短文完成专项训练,(六) a:over b:only c:completely a.wanting (7) _b_to sleep b.cleaned out all her closets (8) _c_ c.becoming so (9) _a_energized some people seem to lose all their energy and drive, (10) _a_. others react in exactly the opposite way, (11) _c_that

46、they cant find enough activity to burn off their excess energy. for instance, one woman said she (12) _b_and was ready to go next door to start on her neighbors. both these extremes, however, eventually level off. the symptoms may be intense for two or three days, but within 10 to 14 days after quit

47、ting, most subside. the truth is that after people quit smoking, they have more energy; they generally will need less sleep, and feel better about themselves.,短文完成专项训练,(七) a:in family shelters b:on a regular basis c:cast off d:less than a.who have been (13) _their homes b.a third of whom do not attend school (14) _ c.that (15) _half of them attend school regularly d.because they do not stay (16) _ the number of homeless americans ranges from 350,000 to three million. likewise, estimates of the number of homele