1 运用语块教学提升学生语用能力.ppt

1、运用语块教学, 提升学生语用能力,江苏省外国语学校 周钦海,“ 英语语言能力是英语核心素养的基础要素”（王守仁） 1. 词汇是基础中的基础，词汇量的多少直接关系着一个人的英语学习水平. 2 .难记、难写、难用。,学生被老师罚抄单词3000遍，老师看后傻眼！,我们的方法有问题么？,词汇教学方法单一。教师对单词采用的读-讲模式。 先带领学生读，然后讲解意思，学生的任务就是听与记。 课堂教学过分拓展词汇用法，遇到高频词汇或短语，教师过分归纳与讲解。 孤立默写词汇，单调乏味，不符合认知规律，耗时低效。 课文教学不研究词汇如何教。对于如何通过阅读来发展学生的词汇能力，缺乏研究，只知道就词汇讲词汇，至于如

2、何处理课文中出现的词汇，许多词汇课前、课后、课中得不到反复使用。,语块和高考,高考英语试题: 试卷在保证考查的语言点有足够覆盖面的同时，更注重考生的基本语法和词汇的运用能力，避免孤立考查语法或词汇的题目以及偏题、怪题。 题目中充分考虑到“语块”的作用，要求考生不能脱离上下文来学习语法和孤立地死记词汇，需要结合特定的语境，活学活用语法和词汇知识。 注重语块 (2016高考完型）,21. It is often the case that 24. the recipe for happiness and a long life 25. do not compromise easily,. 26.

3、while , 27. the other day 28. have a secret hidden within the work 30. sth /sb take off 31. the explicit statement 32 I think so 33 take advantage of 34; Not until. 35 Achilles heels,2016 单项填空,Years ago, a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever. I met Kurt Kampmeir of Succes

4、s Motivation Incorporation for breakfast. While we were eating,Kurt asked me, “ John, what is yourplan for personal growth Never at a loss for words, I tried to find things in my life that mightqualifyfor growth. I told him about the many activities in which I was involved . And I went into a speech

5、 about how hard I worked and the gains I was making. I must have talked for ten minutes. Kurtlistened patiently, but then hefinally smiled and said, “You dont have a personal plan for growth, do you”“No, Iadmitted .“You know,” Kurt said simply, “growth is not a(n)automatic process.”,And thats when i

6、t hit me. I wasnt doing anything on purpose to make myself better. And at that moment, I made thedecision : I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for mylife. That night, I talked to my wife about my conversation with Kurt and what I had learned. Ishowed her the workbook and tapes Kurt was

7、 selling. Werecognized that Kurt wasnt just trying to make a sale. He was offering a way for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams. Several important things happened that day. First, we decided tobuy the resources. But more importantly, we made a commitment togrow together as a couple. From

8、that day on, we learned together, traveled together, and sacrificed together. It was a wise decision. While too many couples grow apart, we were growing together.,我们需要找到一条在语言训练（体验）中发展学生词汇能力、掌握更多预制的短语 （语块、词块）的方法！,内 容 要 点 （Contents outline ）,一、语块定义、类型 、特性及对教学的启示 二、英语教学中实施词块教学的意义 三 、运用语块教学，提升语用的策略 1.借助

9、文本，感知、识别并会用词块； 2. 构建情境，理解、巩固并用好词块； 3. 词汇复习，活化语块知识； 4. 语言训练，提升语用能力； 5. 借助阅读，扩大语块库存。,一、 词块（语块） 的理解,语块 （Lexical chunks）就是预制好的并且被频繁使用的词汇组合，这种组合有特定结构和相对完整的意思，并在使用中能根据需要生成。 Lexical chunks are groups of words commonly found together.According to the ELT Journal by Oxford University, such sequences of words

10、 operate as single units, having a different meaning from each word separately.,一、 词块（语块） 的理解,语言学家对语块的定义 Becker (1983)认为他们是具有可分析空间的公式化框架( formulaic frames with analyzed slots) ； Krashen(1978) 把语块看成半固定式的短语( semi-fixed patterns)；Pawley pretty women,一、词块（语块） 的理解,3.惯用语句型/惯用表达式(idioms ) 主要是一些可以整体储存的语言构块(

11、 chunks)，包括警句，套语等这类语块相对少见,形式固定且具有语用功能,大多为口语交际套语、谚语等, 如 how are you；not too bad；kick the bucket; The ball is on my court. Senior citizen ; childs play , on paper ; body count , the man in the street , color the truth , eat like a bird ; between jobs ; do your homework; not all there, catch-22; feet o

12、f clay ,be economic with the truth ; waterloo; in the red, in the black, feel blue , green with envy; scratch the surface; physically challenged,4. 句子框架/句型框架( Sentence Frames ) 通常为非连续的结构性短语,相对于固定表达,这类语块数量较多,且广见于口语及书面中,如Could you pass,please？；what really surprised me was.；firstly，secondly，and finally

13、; Not until ; While . 这类结构具有可变性， 如：enjoysduring the weekend 可变为： John enjoys swimming during the weekend President Obama enjoys spending time with his kids during the weekend. . (Memorized sentence frames can make the speech quicker, while listeners can find it easier to interpret familiar phrases.)

14、,一、词块（语块） 的理解,二、高中英语词块教学的意义,1.语块可以自由提取，缓解了交际压力。 语块作为整体学习并储存在记忆里，在实时交际时可直接提取，即时、快速,减轻了认知、信息加工处理的负担，缓解了一定的交际压力，大大提高了语言表达的流利性和地道性 at ones convenience 在某人适宜，便利之时 in the convenience of 借助 It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth if it is convientient ,.如果方便的话 如： I would definitely welcome an interview at you

15、r convenience for further discussion on my qualification Is it convenient for you if I call you up at 9 oclock tomorrow morning? J,表示会话开启的语块常有：“Hi，how are you(doing)?”/“Nice to meet you?”“/Excuse me /Pardon me?”， 话题转换常用：“What you said remind me of.”/“By the way，do you remember.”/“Id like to suggest.

16、”， 结束谈话时常用这样的套语：“Its nice talking to you”/“Its really a good party/night.Thank you for inviting me”，等等。,二、高中英语词块教学的意义,die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝 due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为 be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to 相似 result in=lead to=cause=give

17、rise to=bring about 引发，导致 adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应 consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由组成 large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的 划清了与传统词汇教学模式的界限。语块学习能有效地提高学习者的表达能力。同时, 由于学习者无法创造性地构建语块, 而是以整体的形式来储存和使用这些语快，因此，更显其得体。,二、高中英语词块教学的意义,2. 语块学习有利于积累更多的常用搭配

18、我们在交际时下意识思考的是词与词的搭配, 而不是单独的词汇, 然后将这些搭配而成的词表达出来。人们努力去从大的整体的方面去看待事物, 而不是将其打成碎块” -Lewis 词的搭配主要指词与词之间的组合关系: 有些词在自然的语篇中出现, 有些词语经常和另一些词在一起搭配使用。但是, 这种关系并非是由语篇的逻辑关系而决定的, 而是具有任意性，有些搭配是固定的。 例如：satisfy/meet ones demands/ reach the standards come true/ do wrong/ find fault with/ lose heart,三、高中英语词块教学的意义,accuse/

19、rid/accuse/cure /inform sb. of sth blame/criticize/forgive/excuse/pardon sb. for doing sth. persuade/fool/talk/treat sb into doing sth be particular about对讲究 be bound for前往 be absent from缺席 be engaged in从事于，忙于 be sick of对厌倦 be devoted to献身，专心于 be concerned with与有关 in praise of称赞,三、高中英语词块教学的意义,二、高中英语

20、词块教学的意义,3.以语块为基础, 有利于加强学生语用能力。 有些语块是完全固定不容更改的, 如 by the way, as a matter of fact 等, 而有些则具有可供替换的空挡, 供学习者在不同的场合演练、使用, 从而增强对于语块的活用能力。 高中教材中很多语块都具有替换的空档，如： (1) It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. It was five days before he came back. It will be half a year before you graduate fr

21、om the school. (2) Hurry up, or youll be late for class. Please call me up before you come, otherwise/or else we might be out.,三、高中英语词块教学的意义,4. 确保语言表达的正确性和得体性 语块是按一定规则形成的，它是以整体形式学习并且保存在学生大脑中的范例，在使用时，它可以根据语境做出最合适的选取，无疑就保证了语言的正确性即得体性，避免因文化差异而出现语用失误。 如： When these spoiled children grow up, many of them

22、 may greatly disappoint their parents. Some of them even commit crimes. If it happens, who is to blame? I think parents and grandparents are not supposed to spoil kids. Kids should go through hardships or do what they can to help them.,5. 有利于培养学生谋篇布局的能力。 特点： 结构清晰、层次分明、意义连贯 需要使用适当的过渡语块，从而使文章层次分明，结构清楚

23、。例如：,二、高中英语词块教学的意义,二、高中英语词块教学的意义,_a modern city, Montreal has colorful nightlife,_ many restaurants _clubs, _cultural and street festivals _ ensure _no visitor is ever bored. (Line 30-31, p.2-3),As,with,as well as,to,and,that,二、高中英语词块教学的意义,作为新型交通工具, 高铁(the G train)具有飞快的速度和明亮的车厢以及便捷的设施和优质的服务来确保每位乘客的安

24、全和舒适。,As a new form of transport, the G train features high speed, with bright carriages and convenient facilities as well as high-quality service to ensure that every passenger enjoys safety and comfort.,Now, more people have become aware of the importance of protecting our environment. However, th

25、ere are many people not realizing it. As is shown in the pictures, some students often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom, which is a waste of electricity. Whats worse, paper cups and disposable chopsticks are often used, causing harm to our environment. In my opinion, livin

26、g a low carbon life is necessary. We can take measures and call on people around us to protect our environment. Well goes a saying that together, individuals can make a difference. For one thing, not only can we save electricity but also we can plant more trees as well as use both sides of paper. I

27、believe what we do is bound to contribute to our environment. For another, the government should make some effective laws. Only when everyone lives a low carbon life can we protect our environment better.,二、高中英语词块教学的意义,二、高中英语词块教学的意义,二、高中英语词块教学的意义,六|符合英语学科核心素养的要求,英语学科的核心素养包括语言能力、思维品质、文化品格和学习能力四个维度。语言

28、能力就是用语言做事的能力，涉及语言知识、语言意识和语感、语言技能、交际策略等等;思维品质是思考辨析能力，包括分析、推理、判断、理性表达、用英语进行多元思维等活动。文化意识重点在于理解各国文化内涵，比较异同，汲取精华，尊重差异等方面。学习能力主要包括元认知策略、认知策略、交际策略和情感策略。,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,1.借助文本，感知、识别并会用词块 （1）阅读前，利用语义场建立话题词块网络； （2）阅读中， 结合信息解读，指导学生识别语块， 理解语块并操练语块; （3）阅读后 ，帮助学生积累语块，模仿语块。,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,（1） 阅读前：利用语义场建立话题词块网络

29、 结合单元话题，利用语义场复现旧知识，并借此导入知识。通过头脑风暴、小组竞赛等形式对新旧词汇进行梳理，利用内在联系构建起词汇（词块）网络。,Hatch mystery and grandeur; memory and meaning. In short, they represent the best Earth has to offer. The pyramids of Egypt, the Great Wall of China and the Taj Mahal are some of the most outstanding examples of humanitys cultural

30、 achievements. The Great Barrier Reef, Serengeti National Park are among the worlds greatest natural treasures,natural sites,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,Why ?,Witness time,Witness time,Bring the past back to life,Better understanding history,greatly increased tourist visitation from within the country and over

31、seas,benefit local communities,promot local and national pride,Feel like going somewhere special,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,chunks related to protecting world heritage. ( 文字云图式）,（2）阅读中，结合信息解读，帮助学生识别语块，理解语块并操练语块。 理解疑难句子 （借助语块） 品析语块特点； 归纳语言知识； 学会语言形态。,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,Read deeply and idiomatically for acquisiti

32、on,The words sent new shocks up my spine. Anyway, this was the straw that broke the camels back ,and I lost my temper. Dotted here and there among these big headaches was my usual homework. He even apologized; but oh, no , I couldnt get away with it . Ill make it up to him, I thought ,then turned my

33、 thoughts back to my work. I suddenly felt panic sweeping over me.,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,借助语块，学会表达,理解语块 (Chucks understanding) 1. The fire spread like scuttling mice into the surrounding undergrowth. They had never seen how quickly a fire could start to devour all the branches .(Para 6) 2. The fire sprea

34、d in too many directions at once. If they managed to stop one of its tentacles, two more would have spread beyond their reach.,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,品析语块（Language Appreciation）： （1）Instead， the ivy grew wild here, trailing like a waterfall down to the ground. (P15) （2）The fresh air put colour in her chee

35、ks and she grew stronger. (P16) （3）One morning Mary woke to find bright sunshine flooding her room. (P16) （4）Tiny green shoots were jutting out of the soil. (P18) （5）A strong gust of wind lifted the ivy, parting it like a curtain. (P21),描写花园的语句用到了比喻、拟人等修辞手法，教师可引导学生体会这些语句的修辞之美.,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,(3) 阅

36、读后, 帮助学生积累语块，模仿语块。 （巩固性读写）,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,In reality, you cant sleep in the white house. Otherwise _.,you would get into trouble you would get caught,创设情境 巩固语块,案例分析,industrial waste poisonous chemicals wipe out lay eggs have a lasting effect upo cut back on environmentally friendly ways of living

37、be concerned about,the key to a healthy environment pollute the environment preserve the environment environmental preservation be willing to do pay higher taxes,归纳语块,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,Preserve the environment Nowadays, everyone is _ about _ _our environment is damaged. _ On the other hand , _. The _

38、 _ ways of living is _ _ _ protecting our environment, such as recycling. _ _, We can _ _. If we can make people aware of these issues, _.,使用语块,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,Recently, everyone is concerned about the environment. The increasing population is running out of natural recourses. On the other hand, pe

39、ople are still polluting the environment. Poisonous chemicals are going into atmosphere or flowing into rivers. Forests are being cut down. Fish have no time to lay eggs. And other creatures are being wiped out.,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,The environmentally friendly ways of living is the key to protecting ou

40、r environment, such as recycling. In addition, we can cut back on production as well, which can reduce the amount of rubbish. What we need is more effective laws. Factories that pollute the environment should pay higher taxes. If we can make people aware of these issues, we will have a better and cl

41、eaner planet to live on.,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,读后习得词块 Title : Anti-smoking ad _ 1. Why Write down some reasons for anti-smoking ad campaign on the draft paper due to, result in, cause great damage to, huge members of, this is why. 2 . Who & What Determine your target audience (who), and your content (wha

42、t) on our draft in groups. Our target audience is. Our main aim is to. Our research(interviews) shows/indicates that. We will explain/show/educate them about . If we can convince , they might then urge 3. How Decide what approach you want to use, using the following sentence structures in groups. Ou

43、r campaign will start on . We will (also)(as well)/ Our website will. 4: Slogan,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,introduction,build-up,build-up,climax,resolution,Arvind and his friends decided to celebrate his birthday,They set off to the forest and played madly there.,They made a fire and it burned like crazy.,The

44、 fire accident broke out and caused great losses.,The story is a reminder that fire is a dangerous force and that its effects are potentially terrible.,A Moment of Madness brings losses,A narrative essay uses all the story elements . It tells a story and makes a point.,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,刚要线索,语块教学设计流程

45、,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,案例分析 1 （核心词 、认知词 ）,2. 构建情境，理解、巩固并用好词块 “回归语篇语境化词块语篇中学用”，立足文本、以“趣”引路、以“景”导航，让学生在语境中理解，积累巩固词块，以提高学生语块使用能力， 深化词块记忆和增强信心。,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,案例分析 2,3 . 结合词汇复习，活化语块知识 （1） 发掘同根词，掌握构词法常识 create- creative- creatively- creativity-creation-creator （2） 例解词的功能，学会得体表达 A good teach

46、er should be good at creating more opportunities for the students. A good teacher should be good at developing the students creative thinking. A good teacher should be good at developing the students creativity. A good teacher should be good at making the students think creatively.,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,

47、（3） 活跃常用词块，积累表达语句 A. Having a mixture of male and female nurses also helps create a fun atmosphere, which helps patients recover faster. B.Having more male nurses will help create a positive balance between male and female staff, and it will allow patients the choice of a male or female carer. C. Me

48、nsa is a society for bright people, and it aims to create a platform for these people to share their thoughts and ideas. (Unit3 M11 P35) D. It is the responsibility of the government to create more job opportunities for the farmers. E. It is the responsibility of the government to create a positive

49、balance between the development and the environment.,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,(4) 借助常用句型，丰富语言 To be brief/In brief, creativity is the key to success. Apparently, creativity is the key to success. Its widely accepted that creativity is the key to success. There is no question that creativity is the key to su

50、ccess. My viewpoint is that creativity is the key to success. (5) 套用经典语块，写靓语句 Creativity is a kind of basic quality and thats what it takes to do anything well. Perseverance is a kind of basic quality and thats what it takes to do anything well.,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,4、创设情境，加强语块变式训练，提升语用能力 用语言做事，体现做中学的的语

51、言观 构建语言环境，让学生得体使用语言 准确理解语言for what的功能 内化语言知识，形成语言感觉,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,4. 加强语块变式训练，提升语用能力,内容：复习 A开头的部分词汇 （1）自编话题 Reflection on my English Exam Part I My awful reslut of exam Part II Reasons accounting for my failure Part II Action to be taken to improve it Part IV Faith in accomplishing the purpose of

52、 making progress,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,Step 1 给出中文和目标词汇，让学生套用多种语块 (1) 当老师宣布我的可怜英语成绩低于平均成绩时，我很绝望。 (announce , below average ，abandon oneself to) The instant/moment/minute my teacher _ my poor English grades were , I_ despair. Hardly/Scarcely had my teacher . when.,三、高中英语语块习得的策略与方法,(2)我很惭愧，很想独自呆着。我甚至怀疑自己的英语学习能力。 (be ashamed of ,be anxious, leave sb alone , doubt the ability of doing sth) I _of it and _. I even_. (3)不管怎样，我的失