考研英语小作文.ppt

1、考研英语写作之应用文攻略,09考研暑期复习之备战英语写作,应用文写作,一、书信类八大模板复习及便笺写作 二、考纲要求的其他类型的应用文： 1.备忘录(Memorandum) 2.摘要(Abstract) 3.报告(Report),一、书信类八大模板复习: 1. 投诉信 2. 询问信 3. 请求信 4. 道歉信 5. 感谢信 6. 建议信 7. 求职信 8. 邀请信9. 便笺写作,1. 投诉信,Dear_,I am . (自我介绍) I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_.

2、The reason for my dissatisfaction is _(总体介绍). In the first place,_(抱怨的第一个方面). In addition, _(抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it _(感觉) to _(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果),I appreciate it very much if you could_(提出建议和请求), preferably _(进一步的要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by _(设定解决事情最后期限).

3、Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely, Li Ming,2. 询问信,Dear _,I am _(自我介绍). I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding_.(要询问的内容)First of all, what are _?(第一个问题) Secondly, when will_?(第二个问题) Thirdly, is

4、_?(第三个问题),I would also like to inquire _(将最重要的问题单独成段). Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely, Li Ming,3. 请求信,Dear_,I am writing to formal

5、ly request to_(请求的内容)The reason for _is that_（给出原因）.I_, so I _(给出细节)I would also like to request _(提出进一步的要求). I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused,Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact me at_(电话号码). I look forward to a favorab

6、le reply.Yours sincerely, Li Ming,4. 道歉信,Dear _,I am truly sorry that_(道歉的原因).The reason is that _(介绍原因) Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.Yours sincerely, Li Ming,5. 感谢信,Dear_,I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude

7、 for _(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in _(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been_(没有对方帮助时的后果).,Every one agrees that it was you who_(给出细节).Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude.Yours sincerely,Li Ming,6. 建议信,Dear _,You have asked me for

8、my advice with regard to _, and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.In my humble opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions:_(建议的内容),I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.Good Luck with your_

9、(祝愿)Yours sincerely, Li Ming,7. 求职信,Dear Sir or Madam,I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in_(报纸名称)of_(广告发布时间).Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but I also have the right personality for a _(工作名称). In the one hand,_(第一个原因). On the other hand, _(另一

10、个原因).,Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me, please feel free to contact me at any time at _(电话号码)Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.Yours sincerely, Li Ming,8. 邀请信,Dear_,There will a _(内容)

11、 at/in_(地点) on_(时间). We would be honored to have you there with us. The occasion will start at _(具体时间). This will be followed by a _(进一步的安排). At around_(时间)，_(另一个安排)I really hope you can make it. RSVP before _(通知你的最后期限)Yours sincerely, Li Ming,9. 便笺写作,便笺，即便条，与书信大致相似，但区别有三： 1.便笺较随便，因此语气通常更轻松，格式和语言都是如

12、此。 2.通常便笺较短，这意味着须略去冗余信息。便笺应言简意赅。 3.便笺更具个性化：更接近口语，如有必要，语言可以更直接，可使用行话。,Directions: One of your professors announces in class he requires a research assistant during the summer. While you are unable to take the job, your good friend Alex would be perfect for it. Write him a note persuading him to go fo

13、r the interview. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use “Li Ming” instead.,Dear Alex, I was in my biology class yesterday and Prof. Jones made an announcement that I think might interest you. He is looking for a research assistant fo

14、r the summer semester to help him with an important project. I think you would be perfect for the job. I know you are looking for work right now, and this really would be the ideal job for you. Prof. Jones is an excellent professor and I think you will be fascinated by his research. In addition, it

15、will be a great job to put on your resume. If you want his contact information, let me know and I will give it to you. Your sincerely, Li Ming,二、考纲要求的其他类型的应用文：.备忘录(Memorandum),备忘录即办公室便笺(interoffice Memorandum，简称Memo)，是当今商务机构中使用最多的文件。与信函不同，便笺主要用于机关或公司内部，故不用地址，不需要信末礼节性的结束语。 备忘录的构成： 1)收阅人(To)：一般不需加Mr.,

16、 Miss, Dr等称呼，如收阅人职务高，正式场合通常要加上如(Vice) President一类的称呼。如收阅人多，可采用：To: Publication Committee/ To: See Below(把收阅人名字列在便笺末尾),2)撰写人(From)：一般不加头衔，如果公司人员多，可注明撰写人所在的部门。如：From: Paula C. Salle, Customer Relations. 3)日期：注明定函的具体时间(年、月、日)。 4)事由：通常用名词词组表示。告诉读者此文件的主要内容。 5)文档编号：可有可无。 6)正文(Body)：该项与信件的正文类似，如收阅人只有一个，可在正

17、文前加上“Dear”。如不只一个则不加。 7)签名：亲笔署上自己的全名。,注：一般备忘录，只要把收件人、发件人、日期和主题表示出来即可。 写备忘录，第一句就交待写备忘录的目的回复对方备忘录时要标明对方备忘录的时间。要着重于重要论点，简明扼要，每件事情另起一段。力求准确，不能歧义。备忘录最后要用一句概括的话强调收件人对备忘录的内容尽快做出反应。,预测练习及范文 Directions: Write a memorandum of about 100 words to the student service department and ask them to fix a telephone for

18、 each dormitory. Your Memo should include: (1)Your purpose. (2)The reasons. (3)Your sincere hope. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the memo. Use “Li Ming” instead.,Date: Aug. 13, 2007 To: The leader of student service department From: Li Ming Subject: Telepho

19、ne I would like to remind you that we are in need of a telephone for each dormitory. As university students, we need to cope with the daily increasing communications with teachers, friends and people outside the campus. We need a telephone to get and send message, which is important for us. Though m

20、ost of us have mobile phones and e-mail address, a telephone in the dormitory is after all the most convenient and cheapest tool of communication. I hope that you will pay attention to this problem and solve it as soon as possible.,预测练习及范文 Directions: You, the director of the Personnel Department, p

21、lan to recruit several new staff to meet the needs of the rapid expansion of the company. Write a memo to the relevant departments that are in great need of new hands. You should write about 100 words.,Date: Aug. 8th, 2007 To: Relevant Departments From: Director of the Personnel Department Subject:

22、Recruitment of new staff To meet the needs of the rapid expansion of the company, we plan to recruit several new staff. Specifically the numbers to be recruited for relevant departments are as follows: Sales Department - 2 sales clerks. R & D Department - 3 designers. Finance Department - 2 assistan

23、t accountants. Safety Production Department - 2 quality inspectors. Please read the instruction carefully and prepare the training courses in advance.,备忘录常用句型,I have several proposals for cutting down on office staff. In response to your , I have to inform you that. This is further to your memo date

24、d April 18, 2008, in which you proposed that employees adopt the “punch-in” system(打孔考勤). I believe these changes will result in greater work efficiency.,5. Please let me know your reactions to these suggestions. 6. If you need additional information on the above, do not hesitate to contact me. 7. Y

25、our consideration of these suggestions would be appreciated.,备忘录常用句型,二、考纲要求的其他类型的应用文：2. 摘要(Abstract),把一篇文章的要点摘录出来，独立成一篇短文，叫做摘要。摘要必须简明扼要，用词精确，同时要求对原文内容不加任何解释和评论，忠实地写出原文作者的中心意思。 摘要写作程序： 1)仔细阅读，抓住文章大意。 2)先为摘要拟定个题目，用一个词或短语点出原文的中心思想，该词(或短语)可就在原文中找出。,3)在原文中找出与中心思想关系最密切的部分，作为写摘要的材料；关系不大的地方可不予考虑。 4)阅读中还需要做些

26、简单的笔记，把有用的词汇、内容和数据抄在一张纸上备用。 写作： 1)摘要长度不超过原文的三分之一。 2)用自己的语言来写摘要。 3)按原文的顺序写。如果不是特殊情况(如倒叙)，不要随便更改原文的顺序。,4)摘要应内容完整且无大的遗漏 5)写摘要是项压缩文字的练习。要做以下工作： -删除细节：只取要点，解释要点的细节删去。 -削减例子：原文如有五六个例子，摘要中可只留用一两个，其余省去。 -简化描述：原文中有十个句子描述一个人或一件事，摘要中保留一两句的意思即可。 -避免重复：摘要里重复是不必要的。,修改 写完摘要要仔细修改。首先要对照原文，检查是否漏掉重要的内容；其次，看摘要长度是否超出字数限

27、制，若超出，需对其进一步压缩；最后，认真检查标点、拼写和语法，保证准确无误。,文章摘要范文(原文略),Abstract of Article Three decades ago there was only the Gobi desert in Jiayuguan but now it has a massive Jiuquan Iron and Steel Complex. Unfortunately, 11 people died because of the cruel natural conditions before rich natural resources were explo

28、red. There has been a great fort, served as a guard to the Great Wall where soldiers could make sure others safety by striking a stone. Besides it is the fort best protected and one can have a good look at the desert by climbing the northern tower.,摘要写作要点回顾：在保持原文的目的、情节和思想的基础上，压缩文章的内容，使其篇幅简短，内容明确，主题突

29、出。 常用句型： This article focuses on the topic of The purpose of this article is to determine something This thesis discusses/deals with/analyzes/provides an overview of / elaborates on,二、考纲要求的其他类型的应用文：3. 报告(Report),报告是下级部门用书面形式向上级部门或上级领导汇报工作、反映情况、提出建议等使用的上行公文。一般由秘书书写报告。 写报告注意问题： 1)写好报告的前提是对所要写的内容有充分的了解

30、。事情的前因后果是否清楚、资料是否准确直接关系到报告的质量。 2)英文报告格式与备忘录相似，先写日期、收件人、发件人和主题，然后是正文部分，但报告的日期须置于右上方。,报告的常考类型及注意事项,1)请示报告(Report for Instructions)：下级部门因某项工作、某件事情提请上级部门指示审核批准的书面材料。 注意事项： a.称呼一般为上级部门的名称或领导人的姓名或职务。 b.正文内写清请示的问题、目的及要求。 c.内容较多时可分几段来写。,请示报告预测练习及范文 Directions: You are preparing a field report, please write

31、it in about 100 words with such items as following: the current situation of the Language Labs your reason and suggestion,Date: July 23, 2004 To: Mr. Adams, Vice-president of Prince University From: Mr. Steve, Dean of Foreign Language Dept. Subject: Purchasing 10 sets of listening equipments Accordi

32、ng to the notice from the Equipment Division dated May 8, 2004, we have inspected all language labs and found that the amount of the labs cannot meet the increase in the number of students, because we have recruited 500 freshmen in 2003 and will recruit 800 this year.,In particular, we will recruit

33、English majors this year, but the present equipments are unsatisfactory to them. Besides, some of the equipments are very old and out of date. Therefore, the present situation of the lab has to be improved immediately. In order to meet the requirements of English teaching, it is hereby suggested tha

34、t ten sets of language lab equipments should be bought and issued to our department.,报告的常考类型及注意事项,2)工作报告(Report on a Task)：下级部门向上级领导书面汇报某项工作进展情况的一种应用文。 注意事项： a.称呼一般为上级部门的名称或领导人的姓名或职务。 b.内容包括现阶段工作情况、取得的成绩和以后的工作计划。 c.内容较多时可分几段文字来写。,工作报告预测范文 Date: September 29, 2004 To: Ms. Sun From: Zhang Lin Subject:

35、 The National Middle School Chinese Teaching Seminar On Saturday, September 5, 2004, I attended the National Middle School Chinese Teaching Seminar, held in Beijing. The goal of the seminar was to popularize the teaching method of newly edited middle school Chinese textbook. Also in attendance from

36、our department were Li Yi and Wu Dawei.,During the meeting, two of the editors explained the principles of the revision of the textbook. Then, a two-hour classroom teaching was presented by Dr. Wang Jian, a noted professor from Beijing University. In Dr. Wangs presentation, the principle of the revi

37、sion and the teaching method were well combined. Every presentation we attended was beneficial, especially, Dr. Wangs program was the most useful and informative. His interactive teaching skills were excellent. Therefore, we suggest that you send more of my colleagues to attend this seminar in the f

38、uture.,报告的常考类型及注意事项,3)调查报告(Report of an Investigation)：根据调查，客观反映情况的书面报告。它不一定是下级向上级递交的材料，它可以是仅仅为了备案而作的一些调查记录。此类报告应尽量客观而无主观倾向，做到实事求是。 注意事项： a.如有称呼，则一般为上级部门的名称或领导人的姓名或职务。 b.客观反映调查情况，应写得详细、具体、明确。 c.特别要注明调查进行的时间和成文时间，以备查阅。,调查报告预测范文 Date: March 8, 2004 To: Li Xiaohua, Director of Student Employment Depart

39、ment From: Liu Wei, Dean of Material Science Department Subject: Report on Students Will of Employment in 2004 Following your notice of March 5, 2004 we conducted a small study of students will of employment. According to the statistics of the survey, the students in our department expect to employ

40、themselves mainly in teaching,business and engineering. 45% of the students would like to become teachers while 50% of them businessmen and engineers. Moreover, boys are to some extent different from girls in their choice. The most striking contrast is in the occupation of teaching: 45% of girl students would like to become teachers after graduation whereas only 5% of boys want to do the job. 40% of the boys like to do most is to become enginee