医学英语 心脏课件

1、SUMC 2011-2012,Students copy,The cardiovascular system,1,PPT学习交流,What is the circulatory system? What does the CV system do? Internal and external anatomy Cardiac cycle Heart sounds Conductive system of the heart Blood vessels Diseases of the CVS,2,PPT学习交流,The Heart and blood vessels together make u

2、p the cardiovascular System.,Circulate blood throughout entire body for Transport of oxygen to cells Transport of CO2 away from cells Transport of nutrients (glucose) to cells Movement of immune system components (cells, antibodies) Transport of endocrine gland secretions,3,PPT学习交流,The Heart: locati

3、on in thorax,4,PPT学习交流,The Heart: location in thorax,Oblique Position Apex = Left of Midline (5th ICS), Anterior to rest of heart Base (posterior surface) sits on vertebral column Superior Right = 3rd Costal Cartilage, 1” right midsternum Superior Left = 2nd Costal Cartilage, 1” left midsternum Infe

4、rior Right = 6th Costal Cartilage, 1” right midsternum Inferior Left = 5th Intercostal Space at Midclavicular line,5,PPT学习交流,Serous membrane,Continuous with blood vessels,The Heart: muscle layers and coverings,Connective tiss,Endothilium,6,PPT学习交流,External Heart Anatomy,Page 44,7,PPT学习交流,The Heart:

5、Chambers,8,PPT学习交流,Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system. This means it has two parts parts.,the right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood.,the left side of the system deals with oxygenated blood.,9,PPT学习交流,Circulation,Coronary circulation the circulation of blood within

6、 the heart. Pulmonary circulation the flow of blood between the heart and lungs. Systemic circulation the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body.,10,PPT学习交流,The Heart: Valves,Bicuspid (mitral) Tricuspid (AV) Pulmonary Aortic (SL),11,PPT学习交流,How does the Heart work?,STEP ONE,12,PPT

7、学习交流,How does the Heart work?,STEP TWO,13,PPT学习交流,How does the Heart work?,The cycle then repeats itself.,STEP THREE,14,PPT学习交流,15,PPT学习交流,Filling of Heart Chambers the Cardiac Cycle,Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings,16,PPT学习交流,The Heart: Cardiac Output,Copyright

8、 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings,Cardiac output (CO) total vent blood/min Amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute CO = (heart rate HR) x (stroke volume SV) Stroke volume Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction,17,PPT学习交流,S1- Wha

9、t is it ? closing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves. (closure of the AV valves) The Pulmonic and Aortic valves are opening and blood is being forced into the arteries S2- What is it ? The sounds are because of the closing of the Pulmonic and Aortic valves (closure of the semilunar valves),18,PPT学

10、习交流,19,PPT学习交流,Conductive System,Action potential- electrical impulse causing the contraction of heart muscle cells,The SA node, or pacemaker, initiates the heartbeat and causes the atria to contract on average every 0.85 seconds. The AV node conveys the stimulus and initiates contraction of the ven

11、tricles. The signal for the ventricles to contract travels from the AV node through the atrioventricular bundle to the smaller Purkinje fibers.,20,PPT学习交流,Electrocardiogram,An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle. The P

12、wave occurs just prior to atrial contraction; the QRS complex occurs just prior to ventricular contraction; and the T wave occurs when the ventricles are recovering from contraction.,21,PPT学习交流,The Vascular System,Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings,22,PPT学习交流,Bloo

13、d Vessels: Anatomy,Three layers (tunics) Tunic intima Endothelium Tunic media Smooth muscle Tunic externa Mostly fibrous connective tissue,23,PPT学习交流,Conductive System,Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings,Figure 11.5,24,PPT学习交流,Tunica externa Outermost layer elastin

14、 and collagen Strengthens, Anchors Tunica media Middle layer Circular Smooth Muscle Vaso-constriction/dilation Tunica intima Innermost layer Endothelium Minimize friction Lumen,25,PPT学习交流,26,PPT学习交流,Artery/Vein differences（归纳：dtwlv),27,PPT学习交流,28,PPT学习交流,29,PPT学习交流,30,PPT学习交流,Coronary artery circula

15、tion,31,PPT学习交流,Pulse,Pulse pressure wave of blood Monitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated,32,PPT学习交流,Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure,33,PPT学习交流,Cardiovascular Diseases,Cardiovascular diseases include those that affect the heart and those that affect the peripheral vascular system. The heart and blood vessels may be primarily attacked by these diseases or they may be secondarily affected as a consequence of another disease.,34,PPT学习交流,Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease(sdosp),Smoking Diabetes Obesity Stress Physical Inactivity High Blood Pressure 140 (systolic