主谓一致和there-be-句型

1、主谓一致和there be 句型 一、主谓一致： 主谓一致即谓语受主语支配，须和 主语在人称和数上保持一致。 主谓一致一般遵循三条原则： 语法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近一致原则,1. 语法一致的原则,（1）动词不定式或动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 例如： Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. To work hard is necessary for a student. （2）由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时， 谓语动词用复数。例如： Both he and I are right. Mr. Black and Mrs

2、. Black have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如： The poet and writer has come. 那个诗人兼作家已经来了。 （3）当主语后面有with, like ,except, besides, but，as well as等引导的名词或代词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的数。例如： The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class.,4）一些只有复

3、数形式的名词，如people, police, clothes， glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：,A lot of people are dancing outside.,The police are looking for lost boy. Where are my shoes? I cant find them.,Somebody is using the phone. Neither of them likes the actor.,Here are some new pairs of shoes.,My n

4、ew pair of socks is on the bed.,（5）不定代词somebody ,anything, everybody, each, either, neither等作主语 时，谓语动词用单数。例如：,但如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：,Is everybody ready?,（6）one of+名词复数 ,the number of+名词复数作主语时 谓语动词用单数。 （a number of+名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。） 例如：The number of the students i

5、n this school is 2,000. A number of boys are playing basketball on the playground.,2. 意义一致的原则,（1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：,Twenty years is not a long time.,Ten dollars is too dear.,（2）有些集体名词，如family, class, group等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：,My family is a big one.,My family ar

6、e watching TV.,（3）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：,It is said that 35 percent of the doctors are women.,Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.,3. 邻近一致的原则,（1）由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与最靠近它的主语一致。例如： Either you or I am

7、 right. Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. （2）在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致 There are two apples and one egg in it. （3）以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here is a letter and some books for you.,二、there be 句型 1、there be 与have/has 的区别。 2、就近原则 3、否定形式及一般疑问句反义疑问句形式 4、不同时态的形式，尤其是there be

8、 的一般将来时 There will be = There is/ are going to be 例如： There is little milk in the fridge, is there? There will be more trees in the future. There is going to be a football match this evening.,练习,1. Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been

9、B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 2. How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are 3. Neither his classmates nor his friend _ going shopping. A. likes B. like C. liked D. liking 4. The writer and doctor for just a little time every night. A. sleep B. sleeps C is sleeping D. are

10、sleeping 5. Everyone except Tom and John studying for the final test now. A. are B. is C. were D. was,答案：1-5：D,B,A,B,B,6. There a book and three pens on my desk just now, but now there is nothing on it. A. had B. were C. was D. have 7. The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them about science. A. is B. was C. are D. were 8. There an English party in our school this evening. A. has B. is going to have C. is going to be D. will have 9. Ten dollars enough for us to buy that English- Chinese dictionary. A. isn