2GreatBritain

1、Lecture Three,the Nations of Britain,The Four Nations,*England *Scotland *Wales *Northern Ireland,The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The Four nations: England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland,The Union Flag / Union Jack,Flags of Britain,The current design of the flag: 1801,The m

2、ap of the UK,Characters of the British People,Generallyspeaking,therearefour charactersthatwecanobserveamong theBritishpeople,namely, Arrogance ( 自大，傲慢 ) Conservativeness ( 保守 ) Senseofhumor Politeness,Languages,ThreelanguagesarethemostwidelyusedintheUKandtheyareEnglish,Gaelic (盖尔语 ),andWelsh ( 威尔士语

3、).,Sites and celebrities,The U.K. is famous for whisky, beer, football( Manchester United), Fish and chips, Stonehenge, Tower Bridge, Big Ben, St, Pauls Cathedral, old castles, Scottish kilts, William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, the Beatles, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), Cambridge, Oxford, fog, Engli

4、sh language, River Thames, Hyde Park, etc.,Famous Cities,London: capital city of the UK Belfast: capital city of Northern Ireland Manchester: home of the football club Manchester United Oxford: a university city Liverpool: home of the Beatles Edinburgh: capital city of Scotland,Capital city: London,

5、Belfast,Manchester,Oxford,Liverpool,Liverpool,The second largest port of England A metropolitan city,Edinburgh,Part One,England,England,England,*A flatland country, also called Lowland zone *Pennines (奔宁山脉）: the backbone of England *Lake district *Highly urbanized （都市化的） -80% of population living in

6、 cities -only 2% working in agriculture *Physically largest with largest population *Dominance （优势） in: size/ culture/ economy * -take England for UK,England,*England occupies the southern part of Great Britain and is the most important part of the Kingdom in wealth, size, and population. *It has an

7、 area of more than 130,000 square kilometers and it take up nearly 60% of the whole island.,England,*Much of England is rather flat , although there are hills in the northeast and in the center of the country. The west and southwest is a plateau(高地）, with rolling plain（起伏的平原）, downs（丘陵） and moors（荒野

8、）. * English people used to use the words “England” and “English” when they mean “Britain” and “British”. This sometimes annoys the Scots and the Welsh.,England,*The west coast is deeply indented(锯齿状的）. They supply many splendid harbors for ships. *The south coast is fairly straight, a line of low c

9、liffs backed by rolling downs. *The long tail, which puts into sea, is called Cornwall （康沃尔郡 ）and it has many remains of the ancient Britons. *Many of legends of King Arthur are associated with Cornwall. *London is Capital of England and Britain.,Thames RiverinEngland,Thames River isthemost importan

10、t riverinEngland. ItrisesinCotswoldHillsandemptiesintothe EnglishChannel. Itis 338kilometerslongandflows throughLondon.,An important river in Britain: River Thames,*the second longest river in the United Kingdom and the longest river entirely in England *best known for flowing through central London

11、 *its strategic position at the centre of many events in British history,An important river in Britain: River Thames,*a major leisure area supporting tourism and pleasure outings as well as the sports of rowing, sailing *a special appeal to writers, artists, musicians and film-makers and is well rep

12、resented in the arts *many riverside attractions: London Eye, Tower of London, House of Parliament, etc.,London,*The capital, the largest port and the largest city in Britain *The City of London +Inner London + Outer London= Greater London *The commercial center: the West End *The political center:

13、the City of Westminster (Downing street, Buckingham Palace) *The cultural center: London University (the biggest) *The center of Labor Movement (Chartism)宪章运动 *The Olympics games to be held here in 2012,London,-seat of government -center of culture -business center -industrial center -largest popula

14、tion -home to all media -galleries, theatres, museums -combining functions of New York, Washington & Los Angeles -One of the four leading cities in the world: New York, Paris, Tokyo,白金汉宫 Buckingham Palace,Buckingham Palace,The Ceremony of Changing the Guard,Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Brita

15、in and Northern Ireland,伊丽莎白二世（Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II），全称“承上帝洪恩的大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国及其他领土和属地女王，英联邦元首，国教（圣公会）的捍卫者伊丽莎白二世”。现任英国君主，英国、英联邦及15个成员国的国家元首，国教会最高首领。2012年6月2日至5日，英国举办英女王钻禧庆典，纪念女王登基60周年。出生日期：1926年(丙寅年)4月21日。2012年12月18日，参加内阁会议，她成为百年来和平时期出席政府内阁会议的第一位英国君主。1-2,Queen of the United Kingdom of Great B

16、ritain and Northern Ireland,Windsor Castle (温莎古堡),国会大厦 Houses of Parliament,大本钟 BigBen,Big Ben the largest four- faced chiming clock the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world its celebration of its 150th anniversary in May 2009,唐宁街10号 10 Downing Street,Maritime Greenwich (GMT),Tower B

17、ridge 伦敦塔桥,Tower Bridge,an iconic symbol of London Carries motor vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians Crosses Thames Total length 244metres (801ft) Opened 30 June 1894,碎片大厦 The Shard,海德公园 Hyde Park,伦敦眼 London eye,威思敏思特教堂Westminster Abbey,Westminister Abbey,a large, mainly Gothic church, in Westminster, L

18、ondon the traditional place of coronation and burial site for monarchs of Commonwealth Realms,圣保罗大教堂 St Pauls Cathedral,圣保罗大教堂 St Pauls Cathedral,an Anglican cathedral the seat of the Bishop of London one of Londons most famous and most recognizable sights,ST Pauls Cathedral,英国国家博物馆 BritishMuseum,英国

19、国家美术馆TheNationalGallery,Trafalgar square 特拉法加广场,a square in front of the National Gallery in central London a tourist attraction,Trafalgar square,LakesinBritain,ThelargestLakeinEnglandisWindermere, whichcoversanareaof16squarekilometers andislocatedinLakeDistrict. TheLakeDistrict, whichisascenicspot,

20、issituatedinCumbrianMountainRangeinnorthwestofEngland.,Windermere （温德米尔）,Lake District,institutedinthe CumbrianMountainRange, a scenic spot in North West England a popular holiday destination, beautiful and quiet being famous for its lakes and its mountains its associations with the early 19th centu

21、ry poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and other poets.,Stonehenge (巨石阵),*It is one of the most famous sites in the world. *Stonehenge is the remains of a ring ofstanding stones(each weighs about 50 tons) set withinearthworks. *It was built anywhere from 3000 BC to 2000 BC. *Its aprehistoric m

22、onumentlocated inWiltshire, England,University of Cambridge 剑桥大学,*Founded in 1209, Cambridge is the second-oldest university in theEnglish-speaking worldand the worldsfourth-oldest surviving university. *Cambridge is formed from a variety of institutions which include31 constituent colleges(学院)and o

23、ver 100 academic departments organized into six schools.It grew out of an association of scholars who left theUniversity of Oxfordafter a dispute with townsfolk.The two ancient universities share many common features and are often jointly referred to as “Oxbridge”(牛剑).,University of Cambridge,*The u

24、niversity occupies buildings throughout the town, many of which are of historical importance. Cambridge is a member of many associations and forms part of the “golden triangle“(金三角名校） of leading English universities. *Cambridge has many notable alumni (), including several eminent mathematicians, sc

25、ientists, politicians, and90 Nobel laureates（诺贝尔奖得主）.,剑桥大学 University of Cambridge,牛津大学 University of Oxford,University of Oxford 牛津大学,简称牛津，是一所位于英国牛津市的世界顶级公立大学，建校于1167年，为英语世界中最古老的大学，也是世界上现存第二古老的高等教育机构，被公认为是当今世界最顶尖的高等教育机构之一。牛津大学是一所在世界上享有顶尖大学声誉、巨大影响力的知名学府。 牛津大学是英国研究型大学罗素大学集团、欧洲顶尖大学科英布拉集团、欧洲研究型大学联盟以及Eu

26、ropaeum中的核心成员。牛津大学出版社是世界上最大的大学出版社，出版作品包括20卷牛津英语词典。,*Englands history as nation goes far back in time, and its influence has reached across the world. *England boasts great writer including Shakespeare, Dickens and Jane Austin. *Famous pop singers and groups, including the Beatles, Queen, Elton John

27、and Oasis. *The national sport is football: famous football players include David Beckham and Michael Owen. *Actors and actresses include Hugh grant, Kate Winslet and Dame Judi Dench.,玛格丽特希尔达撒切尔,Margaret Hilda Thatcher,Old Trafford (老特拉福德球场),Thecharacteristics,TheEnglishareAnglo-Saxoninorigin Thethr

28、eeGermanictribes部落：theAngles,theSaxonsandJuteswhichinvaded BritainformthebasisofmodernEnglishpeople. ThecharacteristicoftheEnglishare谨慎细心cautious,沉默寡言silent,讲究服从deference,有点保守conservative,and有侵略性aggressive. TheWelsharethedescendants后代 oftheBritonsofthesecondC,Part Two,Scotland,Scotland,Scotland,Scot

29、land is in the north of Great Britain. It retained its own parliament until 1707, when, by the Act of Union, Scotland and the Kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Great Britain.,*Scotland has an area of 78,760 square kilometers. *It is situated in the north of

30、Great Britain with a good number of mountains and islands. *There are 800 islands which contain Hebrides (赫布里底群岛）, Shetland (设得兰群岛）and Orkney (奥克尼群岛）islands. *Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.,Scotland,A mountainous country Three natural zones: the Highlands in the north the central Lowlands the

31、 southern Uplands Ben Nevis: the highest mountain in the UK A country of castles,Scotland,*Scotland is recognized as one of the front runners in scientific and technological development, with discoveries such as penicillin and p53 gene (the bodys natural anti-caner mechanism), and the cloning of Dol

32、ly the sheep. *Kilt *The capital of Scotland Edinburgh is famed for the historic castles and the Royal Miles(皇家一英里) , as well as terrific shopping and a thriving nightlife.,Scotland,Union with England in 1707 Language : Gaelic （苏格兰盖尔语, 苏格兰本地语） English Population: 5,422,056（07-2012）,Edinburgh,Edinbur

33、gh,the capital city of Scotland economic center of Scotland a tourist city second only to London in U.K. a cultural city，holding an international festival of music and the arts every year,The new city of Edinburgh,Ediburgh castle,The symbol of Ediburgh situated on a mound of volcanic rock one of Sco

34、tlands oldest castles, unequalled in the whole of the British Isles a remarkable fortress, the historical interest of and former royal residence, visited annually by approximately one million people No visit to Edinburgh is complete without a visit to Edinburgh Castle,圣吉尔斯大教堂 St. Giles Cathedral,爱丁堡

35、城堡 Edinburgh Castle,爱丁堡城堡 Edinburgh Castle,王子街,The Royal MileAvenue,Palace of Holyroodhouse,RiversinScotland,TheClydeRiver（克莱德河）isthemostimportantriverinScotland andisabout170km . ItflowsthroughthethirdlargestcityofGlasgow. TheForthRiver isflowingthroughtheScottishCapital-Edinburgh.,Carleton, Mount

36、(卡尔顿山),Glasgow (格拉斯哥),建于420多年前、全世界历史最早的大学之一的爱丁堡大学,爱丁堡大学（The University of Edinburgh），简称爱大，世界20强顶尖名校，在英国乃至全世界一直享有极高美誉。爱丁堡大学位于英国苏格兰的首府爱丁堡市，是成立于1583年的世界顶级学府，同时也是全英第六古老的综合研究型大学。根据2014/5年的QS世界大学排名，爱丁堡大学被列为苏格兰首位，英国第六位，世界排名第十七位1。2014年12月18日，英国唯一由官方每7年发布一次的REF英国大学科研实力（原RAE）排名中，爱丁堡大学高居全英第四位，仅位于牛津大学、伦敦大学学院和剑桥

37、大学之后。与此同时，爱丁堡大学也是最受中国留学生欢迎的英国大学之一。爱丁堡大学产生过17名诺贝尔奖获得者和3位英国首相，并为罗素集团、Universitas 21、科英普拉集团及欧洲研究型大学联盟成员。,The University of Edinburgh,kilt,苏格兰短裙上的格子，素有一“格”一阶级的说法，说“苏格兰短裙等于一部大英帝国的历史”，一点儿也不夸张。据说，英国苏格兰格子注册协会记载着几百种不同的格子图案，有些以姓氏命名，代表着不同的苏格兰家族。黑灰格被称为“政府格”。也有特别为皇室成员定制的格子图案，贵族的身份高贵，他们穿着的格子图案也被称为“贵族格”。 在17世纪和18世

38、纪，苏格兰高原部落之间的战争终年不休，战场上的男人们便以所穿的格子图案来辨认敌我，有点儿像现在的“军服”。,风笛（Bagpipes）,Whisky,The highlands in Scotland： sparsely populated, with many mountain ranges dominating the region, and including the highest mountain in the British Isles, Ben Nevis The film: Brave Heart,Ben Nevis,(1, 343 meters high),Ben Nevis:

39、 the highest mountain in the UK,Airth castle,A 14th century castle , a spa and a Scottish castle accommodation , one of the most popular places for Scottish castle weddings.,Stirling castle,about 30 miles from Glasgow and 40 miles from Edinburgh A long history,an important fortification and the site

40、 of many sieges and battles, standing out for its imposing location and storied history,Part Three,Wales,Wales,*Wales is in the west of Great Britain. It has an area of 20,761 square kilometers and it take up less than 9% of the whole island. *Most of Wales is mountainous. The hills rise steeply fro

41、m the sea and rather flat on top. *The capital of Wales is Cardiff (加的夫) .,Wales,Wales,*6% of Wales is covered with forest and much of the country is pastureland for sheep and cattle. *Wales was formally united with England by the Act of Union in 1536, under the Welsh Tudor Dynasty,Wales,a mountaino

42、us country in the west of Great Britain taking up less than 9% of the whole island,Wales,Location: the east: England the west: St. Georges Channel the south: Bristol Channel the north: Irish Sea,Wales,Population: 3,089,311（07-2012） Area: 148.67/km2（07-2012） Language: English, Wales (威尔士语） Land of So

43、ngs （歌唱之国） Safest part in UK,Wales,*The country has a strong musical and cultural traditions. It is famous for its choir, and many different music styles. *The national sport is rugby. *Famous actors and actresses: Sir Anthony Hopkins Catherine Zeta-Jones.,Flag of Wales,Cardiff,The capital city of W

44、ales A port,RiverinWales,TheSevernRiver (塞文河）risesin northeastWalesandflowsthrough centralEnglandtotheBristolChannel. Itis355Kilometerslong andisthelongestriverinBritain.,Prince of Wales,*The title “Prince of Wales” indicated the unity and relationship between the two lands. *Prince Charles: success

45、or of Britain with a title of Prince of Wales,威尔士亲王 Prince of Wales,EdwardtheFirst namedhissonthePrinceofWales,andthefirstsonofthemonarchhasheldthattitleeversince 1301(includingPrinceCharles). 威尔士公国的元首，自1301年英格兰吞并威尔士之后，英王便将这个头衔赐予自己的长子。从此以后，给国王的男性继承人冠以“威尔士亲王”的头衔逐渐相沿成习，“威尔士亲王”便成了英国王储的同义词。,Prince of Wa

46、les,Part Four,Northern Ireland,Ireland,Northern Ireland,Northern Ireland,*Smallest among the four nations in Britain *Mostly rural, low hills, beautiful lake in the south- west, rugged coastline,Ireland,*The other 26 Irish counties obtained autonomy in 1921. *Irish , often called Erse :s 爱尔兰, is a f

47、orm of Gaelic.,Northern Ireland,Area: It has an area of 14,147 square kilometers. National flower: Irish clover (三叶草） Capital: Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland.,Belfast,The capital of Northern Ireland An industrial seaport,the wheel of Belfast,Belfast city hall,Northern Ireland,Economy of Northern Ireland: aircraft manufacturing Scenic spot: Giants Causeway(巨人走过的路),Giants causeway (巨人之路),The 8th Natural Wonder of the World (suburb of Belfast)， Sixty