UsingLanguageⅡ (4)

1、主讲人：夏权,Writing,Learning objectives To learn to write humorous stories,Step 1 Lead-in What is dryhumor ?,Jessica在北京学汉语，她的中国朋友要是遇到了不知道用美语怎么说的词，就会来请教她。今天是Luis要问的：冷幽默。 LZ:Jessica,youwontbelieveit!Lastnight,Imetthefunniestguyever! Jessica:Noway! 他怎么好玩儿了？Didhewearbunnyears? LZ:头上戴着兔耳朵？这种是幼儿园级的搞笑，没劲! 这人的特点

2、是，每句话都特逗，可是自己从来不笑! 对了，这种冷幽默在美语里要怎么说呢？ Jessica:Wecallthatdryhumor.Withdryhumor,theemphasisisnotonfunnyfacialexpressionsorexaggeratedbodymoves,rather,itsthejokeitselfthatsreallyhumorous. LZ:dryhumor, 不靠夸张的表情和动作，纯粹靠笑话本身好笑。TheguyIwastalkingaboutdidhaveadrysenseofhumor. Jessica:Ibethekeptastraightfacewhi

3、letellingjokesthatmadeeveryoneelselaughtheirpantsoff!,LZ:exactly! 别人都笑翻了，就他自己面无表情地继续讲。这人的冷幽默在party上特受人欢迎。以前大家为了找乐子，顶多就是讲几个荤段子。哎？这“荤段子”又要怎么说呢？ Jessica:Wecallthemoff-colorjokes.Themostcommonoff-colorjokesareaboutsex,buttheycanalsotouchonviolence,ethnicgroupsorotherimpolitetopics. LZ:原来荤段子就是off-colorjo

4、kes, 除了情色内容，还可以是别的有冒犯性的话题。 Jessica:Off-colorjokescanbereallyoffensivetothosewhoarentthatclosetoyouordontshareyoursenseofhumor.So,usethemcarefully. LZ:没错，讲荤段子得分对什么人，不熟的朋友可别讲! 啊，说了这么多段子，幽默，我真是跃跃欲试!,Jessica:What?Givewhatatry? LZ:我本来就是个特有幽默感的人，我觉得我能成一单口相声演员! Jessica:Astandupcomedian?You? LZ:原来,Standupco

5、median就是单口相声演员，那行，Illmakestandupcomedianoneofmycareergoals! Jessica:Isthisdryhumor?CosIdidntgetit! LZ:今天我们学了，冷幽默是dryhumor; 荤段子off-colorjokes; 单口相声演员是standupcomedian.,了解英语冷幽默,Step 2 Enjoy a funny story,A Letter to Girlfriend One day a young man was writing a letter to his girl friend that lived just

6、a few miles away in a nearby town. Among other things, he was telling her how much he loved her and how wonderful he thought she was. The more he wrote the more poetic he became. Finally, he said that in order to be with her he would suffer the greatest difficulties, he would face the greatest dange

7、rs that anyone could imagine. In fact, to spend only one minute with her, he would climb the highest mountain in the world, he would swim across the widest river, he would enter the deepest forest and with his bare hands fight against the fiercest animals. He finished the letter, signed his name, an

8、d then suddenly remembered that he had forgotten to mention something quite important. So, in a postscript below his name, he added: “By the way Ill be over to see you on Wednesday nightif it doesnt rain.” 致女朋友的一封信 一天，一个青年男子给住在离他几英里远的镇上的女朋友写信。除写了其他的事情外 ，他告诉她他爱她有多深，他认为她有多好，他越写越富有诗意。最后，他写道，为了 能和她呆在一起，

9、他将克服最大的困难，他将面对任何人能够想象的最大的危险。实际上 ，为了能和她呆上一分钟，他将爬越世界上最高的山，他将游过最宽的河，他将赤手空拳 进入最深的森林同最凶恶的野兽搏斗。 他写完了信，签上了名，突然，他想起忘了写一件挺重要的事。因此，他在信末签名后 又补充道：“顺便说一下，我将在星期三晚上去看你如果不下雨的话。”,Step 3 Enjoy the story,第一步：审题 （养成审题的习惯）,学生有话题和体裁的概念,如何审题：,第三人称,记叙文,一则幽默小故事,一般过去时,A Letter to Girlfriend One day a young man was writing a

10、letter to his girl friend that lived just a few miles away in a nearby town. Among other things, he was telling her how much he loved her and how wonderful he thought she was. The more hewrote the more poetic he became. Finally, he said that in order to bewith her he would suffer the greatest diffic

11、ulties, he would face the greatest dangers that anyone could imagine.,时间(when), 地点(where), 人物(who),事件(what), 原因(why)和过程(how)。,In fact, to spend only one minute with her, he would climb the highest mountain in the world, he would swim across the widest river, he would enter the deepest forest and wit

12、h his bare hands fight against the fiercest animals. He finished the letter, signed his name, and then suddenly remembered that he had forgotten to mention something quite important. So, in a postscript below his name, he added: “By the way Ill be over to see you on Wednesday nightif it doesnt rain.

13、”,事件(what), 原因(why)和过程(how)。,结果,13,幽默故事,故事发生的时间、 地点和人物,事件的原因及发展过程,最后写结果,三段式：,有一条线索贯穿全文, 使整个文章融为一体。,思路引导 写幽默故事首先要设计好故事发生的场景，即时间、地点、主要人物和发生的事。做好前文的铺垫之后，故事最后的点睛之笔（punchline）才显得既在情理之中又出乎意料之外。把之前设置的悬念揭开，或者把前文铺垫酝酿好的笑料关键部分说出来。,第二步 重要词汇,重视词块积累，同时这也是激活话题词汇的一步,第三步基本句子,根据所给要点列出必须要有的句子，在此基础上适当补充。,第四步 表达提升,提升表达的

14、不仅是使用一些 复杂或高级的语法结构，也包括语言的精炼、经济和得体,A Letter to Girlfriend One day a young man was writing a letter to his girl friend that lived just a few miles away in a nearby town. Among other things, he was telling her how much he loved her and how wonderful he thought she was. The more he wrote the more poetic

15、 he became. Finally, he said that in order to be with her he would suffer the greatest difficulties, he would face the greatest dangers that anyone could imagine.,In fact, to spend only one minute with her, he would climb the highest mountain in the world, he would swim across the widest river, he w

16、ould enter the deepest forest and with his bare hands fight against the fiercest animals. He finished the letter, signed his name, and then suddenly remembered that he had forgotten to mention something quite important. So, in a postscript below his name, he added: “By the way Ill be over to see you

17、 on Wednesday nightif it doesnt rain.”,句与句之间加入适当的衔接词，使行文流畅自然。常见的有表并列or, then, next等；表递进whats more, besides等；表因果since, now that, therefore等；表转折while, even though等；表总结in a word, generally speaking等；,第五步 加衔接词，补充细节,过渡语：层次分明 First/ Firstly/ First of all. Second/ Secondly. Besides/ In addition/ Whats more

18、. Finally/ lastly .,【典题演练】 结合下面的提要, 写一篇100个词左右的幽默故事。 1. 一个过度肥胖的妇女去找医生, 想寻求减肥的方法; 2. 医生建议她吃谷物和蔬菜两天, 然后隔一天(skip a day), 再反复如此两周; 3. 一段时间后, 她减肥将近20磅, 医生很吃惊; 4. 秘诀: 跳跃。,Step 4 Practice,第一步：审题,记叙文,一则幽默小故事,一般过去时,第三人称,开始： 发展： 结局与高潮：,妇女需要减肥, 寻找医生的建议,减肥成功, 出乎医生意料,医生提出建议, 妇女按医嘱减肥,【遣词】 1. 减肥 _ 2. 让节食_ 3. 建议某人做

19、某事_ 4. 下次 _ 5. 至少 _ 6. 一段时间后_,lose weight,put. . . on a diet,advise sb. to do. . .,the next time,at least,some time later,第二步 重要词汇,【造句】,A terribly overweight woman went to ask her doctor about ways of losing weight.,第三步基本句子,(2)她的医生让她节食。 (3)医生建议她吃谷物和蔬菜两天, 然后隔一天(skip a day), 再反复如此两周。,Her doctor put he

20、r on a diet.,The doctor advised her to eat vegetables and grains for 2 days, then skip a day, and do it like this for 2 weeks.,(4)下次我见你时, 你会至少减去5磅。 (5)一段时间后, 当她回来时, 她减肥将近20磅。,The next time I see you, you will have lost at least 5 pounds.,Some time later, when she returned she lost nearly 20 pounds.,

21、(6)她的医生很吃惊。 _ 2. 句式升级 (7)用and连接(1)(2)。 A terribly overweight woman went to ask her doctor about ways of losing weight, _.,Her doctor was shocked.,and her doctor put her,on a diet,(8)用by + doing的形式合并(5)(6)。 Some time later, when she returned she shocked the doctor _ _.,by losing nearly,20 pounds,Step5完成写作并根据评分细则 互评 语言学家研究发现，修改自己文字的 能力始于修改别人的文字，学生互评 更容易发现其中的问题,【成篇】 The Perfect Diet A terribly overweight woman went to ask her doctor about ways of losing weight, and her doctor put her on a diet. “I advise you to eat vegetables and grains for 2 days, then skip a day, and do it like this for