泰特勒和严复的翻译理论比较和分析(英文)

1、alexander fraser tytler 1747-1813,alexander fraser tytler,nationality：britain（edinburgh,scotland） biography：alexander fraser tytler, lord woodhouselee frse (15 october 1747 5 january 1813) was a scottish advocate, judge, writer and historian who served as professor of universal history, and greek an

2、d roman antiquities, in the university of edinburgh. main work： (1791). essay on the principles of translation.(论翻译的原则）,essay on the principles of translation,“three principles of translation”（comprehensive and these characteristic qualities he must have the capacity of rendering equally conspicuous

3、 in the translation as in the original.,星期天，豫园游人络绎不绝。 on sundays, yuyuan garden is always crowded with visitors.（negative） on sundays, yuyuan garden attracts a large number of visitors.（positive）,chapter ,third general rule: a translation should have all the ease of original composition. 郑振铎：译文必须含有原

4、文中所有的流利。（1921） 谭载喜：译作应具备原作所具有的通顺。 （1991） 李德凤：译文应该与原作的行文一样自如。（2007）,挖开坟墓后，我们看到，棺木已经腐朽，母亲的骨殖，已经与泥土混为一体。 莫言（诺贝尔奖讲座） when we dug up the grave, we saw that the coffin had rotted away and that her body had merged with the damp earth around it. 葛浩文（译）,我们将认真听取各位坦诚地对我们的工作提出意见和建议。 we will listen attentively t

5、o your straightforward comments at the same time ,from his translation theories , we can see that he imitates other translators theory, especially dryden. it was even considered as plagiarism by campbell. for example, his first principle that the translation should give a complete transcript of the

6、ideas of the original work , which is similar to campbells accurately reproduce the original meaning,缺点,泰特勒的翻译思想主要基于他本人的翻译实践经验和主观观察，他在论翻译的原则一书中提供给读者的主要是一些解决翻译问题的实用手段“如增词，减词，修改润色等翻译技巧”，有人甚至说它像一本探讨翻译艺术的教科书；同时从其翻译思想我们也可以看出，他过多地借用他人的理论，特别是德莱顿的，甚至被坎贝尔认为有剽窃之嫌。如他的翻译三原则的第一点“译作应完全复写出原作的思想”，这和坎贝尔的“准确地再现原作的意思”

7、，极为相似。,laws of translation,it will follow: . that the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 即译文应完全复写出原作的思想 . that the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. 即译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同 . that the translation should hav

8、e all the ease of original composition. 就是译文与原作同样流畅,tytlers first two laws of translation concern the translator and the original, there are no other considerations. but when he describes a good translation as one in which the merit of the original is so completely transfused into another language a

9、s to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which the language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work, he brings in a new factorthe reader. by peter newmark,2020/7/23,对后人的影响,泰特勒的翻译思想影响了其后的许多翻译家“ (如马休阿诺德和我国的著名翻译家严复先生)。这可以通过对比他们的思

10、想明显看出来，马休阿诺德主张译者必须保留原文的具有诗人的基本特征。译诗者必须具有诗人的洞察力，译文必须像诗“，而且与原文有同样的感染力 我国著名的翻译家严复先生提出的信达雅)翻译三原则和泰特勒的三原则有许多相似之处,2020/7/23,yan fu,yan fu (simplified chinese: 严复; traditional chinese: 嚴復; ; courtesy name: ji dao, 幾道; 8 january 1854 27 october 1921) was a chinese scholar and translator, most famous for int

11、roducing western ideas, including darwins natural selection, to china in the late 19th century.yan stated in the preface to his translation of evolution and ethics (天演論) that there are three difficulties in translation: faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance (譯事三難：信達雅),2020/7/23,yan fus criteria

12、,faithfulness means the full and complete converying or transmission of the original content or thought (信) 既包括对原作思想内容的信，也包括对原 作风格神韵的信 “expressivenessdemands that the version must be clear and follow without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense.（达） 即使译文通顺明白地转达原作所提供的信息 elegeancethe ta

13、rget text should be similiar to the source text in style （雅） 就是要讲究修辞，译文表达要有文采,2020/7/23,两大翻译原则的对比相同之处 1.泰特勒的第一条标准: that the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.即译文应完全复写出原作的思想 泰特勒的第二条标准：that the style and manner of writing should be of the same character wi

14、th that of the original.即译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同 就相当于“信于原文意义与风格” 严复的faithfulness ： the full and complete converying or transmission of the original content or thought (信) 既包括对原作思想内容的信，也包括对原作风格神韵的信一致 2.两种理论都强调传达出原文的思想内容，译文表达要通顺明白。 ，,2020/7/23,differences,the difference of motivation （ 动机的差异） yan fus criter

15、ia is purposeful,which aims to attract the elites attention. (严复所翻译的书多为形成西方资本主义社会思想体系的经典著作。他知道这种思想，对当时沉缅于中古世纪迷梦中的中国知识分子来说，等于一味苦药。所以，他用知识分子所欣赏的古雅文体给苦药裹上一层糖衣，使它容易下咽） tytler just wants to make the whole translation system more systematic, covering content,form and text three aspects.,2020/7/23,since th

16、e three principle “faithfulness，expressiveness，elegence”be presented，the importance of them have not been clearly identified (而实际，严复偏重于意译的“凡此经营，皆以为达，为达即所以为信也”。此话一出，实质上是用“达”架空了“信”，因为在翻译的过程中，除了守住原文的意义之“信”外，要求表现原作的形式和文体等方面“信”是难以达成的任务。由此我们可看出“达”是严复三难原则的最重要的；其次是“信”；再其次是“雅”。) while tytler think the order

17、of his three principles is suitable，natural and could not be changed （泰特勒以牺牲思想内容的忠实求得译文优美流畅。在翻译过程中，如不得已要牺牲其中之一的话，他建议应从重要性低的开始即第三条）,the difference of importance (重要性的差异),2020/7/23,traditional chinese translation paid more attention to practice rather than the theory. （严复对“信达雅”并没有作出明确界定，以致引发了后来无休无止的争论

18、严复的“信达雅”原本是用来描述翻译困难，而并非作为翻译准则而提出来的，他所关心的是翻译的实践，而非翻译的理论问题。） western translator put practice and theory at the same level. (泰氏的三原则实际上是从内容的忠实,到风格手法的一致再到语言表达的自然流畅,步步深入,层次井然） 他们的这种差异实际上是中西学术传统在价值取向上求真与实用方面的差异。,the difference of value orientation (价值取向的差异),2020/7/23,traditional chinese mode of thinking is

19、 perceptual which tends to make the theory obscure and received . （严复对“信达雅”并未做清晰的界定和详细的论证，而在于他人对它做何种解释。正所谓“一切尽在不言中”。要想理解“信达雅”，需靠我们对先辈思想融会贯通的联想与领悟。） westerner attach great importance to rational thinking which makes the theory more concrete. 西方思想重理性思维，强调人对事物（客体）的理性认识，并能予以形式上的解释。(泰氏三原则，自始至终强调对客体即对原文的尊重，反复强调译文应以原文为指归，突出原文的重要性，并且字面上也交代的一清二楚。) 如果联系中西思维方式的差异来解释