研究生英语综合教程2课件

1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材,综合教程（上） INTEGRATED COURSE,1,学习交流PPT,2,UNIT 2,ART OF THE TABLE,2,学习交流PPT,Objectives of Unit 2,To understand culinary delights in China（中国美食） in Reading Focus. To introduce some Chinese dishes and tell the stories about their names. To understand French cuisines kwzi:n 美食and the factors

2、that caused the decline of French cuisine in Reading More. To translate attributive clauses (2). To grasp some important words and phrases, including the ones of Chinese dietary culture.,3,学习交流PPT,Chinese cuisine（中国美食） originated from various regions of China and has become widespread in many parts

3、of the world. There are great cultural differences among the different regions of China, giving rise to the different styles of food. Traditionally, there are eight main regional cuisines or Eight Cuisines(八大菜系）coming from Anhui（徽）, Guangdong(粤）, Fujian（闽）, Hunan（湘）, Jiangsu（苏）, Shandong（鲁）, Sichuan

4、（川） and Zhejiang（浙）provinces. Take Sichuan cuisine as an example, we use many spices（调味品）, for example, Chinese prickly ash seeds(花椒） and chili pepper/ powder （辣椒粉）to make dishes very spicy（香辣的） and flavorful.,Starting out,4,学习交流PPT,Chinese spices调味品,Cooking wine Vinegar Soy sauce Chili pepper/ powd

5、er Prickly ash seed Sesame sesmi oil ,料酒 醋 酱油 辣椒粉 花椒 香油 ,5,学习交流PPT,Chinese cooking methods,boil steam fry fry fry stew（文火炖） braise（炖，焖） simmer（慢慢煮，煨）,煮 蒸 煎 炒 炸 炖,6,学习交流PPT,Chinese cooking methods,braise, stew, simmer的区别： braise 炖，用于大块食材， 液体不完全cover。 例如：红烧蹄膀/肘子 braised tendontendn with brown sauce st

6、ew 文火炖，跟braise接近， 食材小，液体全cover。 例如：红烧肉 stewed pork with brown sauce simmer 煨 1.慢慢地沸腾，使（液体）的温度维持在沸点或稍低于沸点的温度; 2. 用在熬汤，就是用汤在煮食材，把食材的味道熬进汤里。,7,学习交流PPT,烧饼 Clay oven rolls/ sesame seed cake,Traditional Chinese Food,8,学习交流PPT,油条 Fried bread stick,Traditional Chinese Food,9,学习交流PPT,豆浆 Soybean milk,Traditio

7、nal Chinese Food,10,学习交流PPT,臭豆腐 Stinky （smelly）tofu,Traditional Chinese Food,11,学习交流PPT,火锅 Hot pot,Traditional Chinese Food,12,学习交流PPT,皮蛋 lime-preserved egg/Chinese preserved egg/preserved duck egg,Traditional Chinese Food,13,学习交流PPT,饺子 boiled dumpling,包子 steamed dumpling,Traditional Chinese Food,14

8、,学习交流PPT,How is it prepared?,Procedure: The correct order? A. Roll dough into round pieces of wrapping B. Boil, steam, fry C. Knead dough d （揉面） D. Wrap fillings up E. Put meat or eggs, vegetables and spices together Order: C-E-A-D-B,15,学习交流PPT,Culinary Delights in China,Reading Focus,16,学习交流PPT,Rea

9、ding Focus Global Understanding,(Paras. 2-5),(Paras. 6-11),(Paras. 12-15), Introduction (Para. 1): popularity,17,学习交流PPT,Group Discussion and Report,G1-paras.2 even if; even though 尽管，即使；纵然 e.g. a peaceful, albeit brief retirement 虽然短暂但却很平静的退休生活,Reading More Language Point,50,学习交流PPT,2. From the Nap

10、a Valley to the Thames and Tokyo, non-French cooks have cracked the codes of the best French cuisine. (Para. 4) Paraphrase: Cooks from other parts of the world have learned the highlights of the French cuisine. crack: (v.) to solve a complicated problem, or to find the answer to a mystery 解决(难题)；解开(

11、秘密) e.g. Detectives believe they can crack the case. 侦探们相信他们可以破这个案子。,Reading More Language Point,51,学习交流PPT,3. They have become ensnared in the red tape for which France is infamous. (Para. 5) ensnare: (v.) to entangle or catch in (or as if in) a mesh net e.g. Park rangers found three deer that had

12、become ensnared in traps. 公园管理员找到了3只被困在陷阱里的鹿。 ensnared into a loveless relationship 受骗而陷入一种没有爱的关系之中 infamous: well known for something bad e.g. an infamous criminal 臭名昭著的罪犯,Reading More Language Point,52,学习交流PPT,4. But the real paradox of French cookingin France, at leastis that artistic success oft

13、en spells business disaster. (Para. 7) paradox: situation or idea that is strange because it has features or qualities that you would not expect to exist together 自相矛盾的情况；似非而是的说法；悖论 e.g. the paradox of people with the best qualifications not being able to get jobs 高学历的人无法找到工作的怪事 spell trouble/disast

14、er/danger etc: if a situation or action spells trouble etc, it makes you expect trouble etc: e.g. 1) The lack of rain could spell disaster for farmers. 2)These changes spell ruin for the company.,Reading More Language Point,53,学习交流PPT,5. If the French were under the same fiscal regime as the United

15、States, wed be able to create twice as many jobs. (Para. 8) regime: (n.) 1) a particular system of government or management, especially one you disapprove of e.g. military/totalitarian/fascist regime; brutal/oppressive/corrupt regime 2) a particular system, used especially when talking about a previ

16、ous system, or one that has just been introduced e.g. Under the new regime, all sheep and cattle will be regularly tested for disease.,Reading More Language Point,54,学习交流PPT,6. Many small farmers and restaurateurs seem to be fighting a rearguard action just to survive. (Para. 11) fighting a rearguar

17、d action: to make a determined effort to prevent a change that you think is bad, although it seems too late to stop it e.g. 1) They have been fighting a rearguard action to stop a supermarket being built on the land. 2) He fought a stubborn rearguard action against political reform.,Reading More Lan

18、guage Point,55,学习交流PPT,7. The problems afflicting French cuisine are emblematic of those that plague the economy as a whole. (Para. 12) plague: (v.) to cause continual discomfort, suffering, or trouble to someone e.g. 1) He has been plaguing me with silly questions. 2) Financial problems continued t

19、o plague the company.,Reading More Language Point,56,学习交流PPT,Choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. (P56),Reading More Vocabulary in Action,Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-,A,A,D,B,A,B,C,A,A,B,Task 1,57,学习交流PPT,Task 2,e.g. Artistic success of

20、ten spells business disaster. “Spell” means indicate /signify in the sentence.,English words assume different meanings in different contexts. Explain the meaning of the underlined word in the context. (P57),Reading More Vocabulary in Action,58,学习交流PPT,Reading More Vocabulary in Action,1. The congeni

21、al quaintness of the street market, in fact, draws directly on globalization. “congenial” means _ in the sentence. 2. Non-French cooks have cracked the codes of the best French cuisine. “crack” means _ in the sentence.,pleasant,understand,59,学习交流PPT,Reading More Vocabulary in Action,3. At the annual

22、 agricultural fair in Paris this spring, visitors not only enjoyed sipping wines, but olive oils. “fair” means _ _ in the sentence. 4. Olive oilsone a little nutty, another quite fruity, some of them, one is tempted to say, just a little impudent. “impudent” means _ in the sentence.,an event in whic

23、h people or businesses show or sell their products,cheeky,60,学习交流PPT,Reading More Vocabulary in Action,5. Consider the value-added taxes that were “harmonized” all over Europe during the 1990s. “harmonized” means _ in the sentence. 6. They penalize sit-down restaurants, whether humble bistros or hau

24、te cuisine. “humble” means _ in the sentence.,unified,modest or unpretentious,61,学习交流PPT,Reading More Vocabulary in Action,7. The CAP is supposed to benefit small farmers, keep them on the land and thus nurture the terroir that gives French cooking its soul. “nurture” means _ in the sentence. 8. The

25、 problems afflicting French cuisine are emblematic of those that plague the economy as a whole. “afflict” means _ in the sentence. “plague” means _ in the sentence.,cherish,cause pain or suffer,annoy/trouble,62,学习交流PPT,Reading More Vocabulary in Action,9. Like French cuisine, the French economy stil

26、l holds the occasional surprise. “hold” means _ in the sentence. 10. But the basic problems of bureaucracy, taxes and social reluctance to change remain a burden for everyone. “reluctance” means _ in the sentence.,have,unwillingness,63,学习交流PPT,Practical Translation,64,学习交流PPT,定语从句在句中充当定语，修饰某一名词或代词。引

27、导定语从句的关联词可以是关系代词（如 who, which, that）和关系副词（如 when, where, as）。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。,定语从句的翻译: 在英译汉中，定语从句的处理办法一般用前置法、后置法、融合法和转换法等。 1. 前置法 把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前，将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。 2. 后置法 有时定语从句可视上下文将其译成独立的句子或与主句并列的分句，放在被修饰词的后面。,定语从句的翻译（1）,65,学习交流PPT,1. A man may usually be known by th

28、e books he reads as well as by the company he keeps. 我们往往可以从一个人所阅读的书以及所交往的朋友去看他的为人。 2. But if you put down a book you dont like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time. 但是如果你把自己觉得没劲的书放下另换别的，直到发现一本你认为有意思的书，然后轻松地

29、读下去，那么几乎可以肯定你会感到很快活的。,定语从句“he reads” ，“he keeps”分别被译成带“的”的短语“所阅读的”，“所交往的”放在中心词前面。,这又是一个定语从句译成带“的”的短语放在中心词前面的例子。,66,学习交流PPT,3. People are still talking about the historic events of several years ago, when man took his first walk in space. 人们仍然在谈论几年前的历史性事件，那时人类首次进行了太空行走。 4. They are looking for a city

30、 where the standard of living is high and the cost of living is low. 他们要寻找一座城市，在那里生活水准高，但是生活成本低。 5. They act mostly on suggestions from present members, of whom four are women. 他们大多听从现在成员的建议行事，这些成员中有4人是女性。,非限制性定语从句译成短句放在被修饰词“几年前”后面，译文表达清晰流畅。,这里，where引导的定语从句较长，放在中心词 “city”后面，符合汉语表达习惯。,非限制性定语从句处理成单句放在

31、中心词后面，使译文顺畅。,67,学习交流PPT,1. 融合法 融合法是指翻译时把主句和定语从句融合成一句简单句，其中的定语从句译成简单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句与主句关系较紧密，所以，融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句，尤其是 there be 结构带有定语从句的句型。,定语从句的翻译（2）,原句中的主句部分there is a man 翻译成“有人”，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。,1) There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。,68,学习交流PPT,2) In our factory, there are ma

32、ny people who are much interested in the new invention. 在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。 3) Being OK with risk is something that industry demands. 企业要求员工能承受风险。,原句中的主句部分there are many people 翻译成“许多人”，作译文的主语，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。,与其将从句处理成带“的”的前置定语“接受风险是企业要求的东西”，或是后置的分句“承受风险，那是企业要求的”，都没有将主从句相融合译得更简洁紧凑。,69,学习交流PPT,2转换

33、法 有些定语从句从形式上看是定语从句，但从意义上分析却具有状语从句的性质和功能。翻译时应分析原文主句和从句之间的逻辑关系，然后译成相应的分句。,70,学习交流PPT,1) He would be a rash man who should venture to defy world public opinion and act arbitrarily. 如果有人公然反抗世界公众舆论而一意孤行，他定是个鲁莽之徒。 2) I met your mother, who was doing shopping at the supermarket. 你母亲在超市买东西时，我遇见了她。,上例英语定语从句被

34、译成汉语的条件状语从句。,这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的时间状语从句。,71,学习交流PPT,3) He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for. 他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。 4) He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument. 为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料。 5) I could not recognize her, who had changed so much in the past 10 years. 我几乎

35、认不出她了，因为在过去10 年中，她变得太多了。,这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的让步状语从句。,这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的目的状语从句。,这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的原因状语从句。,72,学习交流PPT,Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing f

36、lavors of nature. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake.,Translation for Reference: 浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜,这道菜鲜美，酥嫩，带着自然的清香。中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正,