专升本写作(二).ppt

1、专升本写作讲座（二）,大学外语部 陈 勇 Tel: 88738212,句型与词汇,短时间内对语句的文学性做出突破难度较大，所以， 我们应该把精力主要放在对句型和词汇的研习上。 试比较： 1. (1) I will consider your advice. (2) I will take your advice into consideration. 不难看出，(2)句把consider一词扩展成了一个短语 take into consideration，显得更加形象与生动。,2. (1) He gave me an unexpected visit. (2) He gave me a sur

2、prise visit. (3) His visit was really a great surprise to me. unexpected过于正式，太注重词义的对应，未免僵 硬。surprise则大众化一点，较为贴切。 (3)句则在句 型上更加灵活。,3. (1) It is raining heavily. (2) It is pouring. (3) It is raining cats and dogs. (1)句是一个很普通但意思又很完整的句子。(2)句的 动词pour则把句意表达得更形象、生动。(3)句则通过 一个短语强化了这一动感。 4. (1) It is good to

3、be honest. (2) It pays to be honest. (2)句形象地说明了诚实能够带来回报。(1)句无论在 用词上还是意思表达程度上都显得肤浅。,5. (1) Do you sell books here? (2) Are books available here? (1)句过于拘泥于语法，主谓结构丝毫不差，但是句子有汉化之 嫌。(2)句更符合英语表达法，亲切、自然得体。 6. (1) I wish you have a good future. (2) I wish you enjoy a bright future. (3) I wish you embrace a s

4、plendid future. 本组句子纯属选词范畴，have, enjoy, embrace; good, bright, splendid两组词在感情色彩上层层递进，表达的感情也 不断加深。,再比较下面两组句子：,1. (1) The question is very difficult. (2) The question is very tough. (3) The question is really a headache to me. 2. (1) Because of your help, I could pass the exam. (2) But it had not been

5、 for your timely help, I couldnt have passed the exam. (3) Thanks should go to your space-no-effort help, otherwise I couldnt have passed the exam.,注：,1. 如果自己的词汇知识实在贫乏，在写作中，应该首 先保证句子词汇拼写、词性应用和句子结构方面的正 确性。 2. 当在句子写作中遇到生词时，可以利用单词的同义 词或者近义词代替，甚至于对相同的意思换种说法， 与其追求华丽而导致错误，不如坚持朴素，力保正 确。 3. 汉语文章中的许多富有文采、似显抽

6、象的句子往往 可以用常见的英语词汇表达出来。 例如：,1. 他的业余生活丰富多彩。 2. 我非常喜欢这些充满生命力的旋律，它们就 像陈年佳酿。 3. 春天到了，经历了冬日严寒的寂静许久的田 野又一次变得生机盎然。 4. 他眼下的生活比以前更充实。 5. 我们的家乡人杰地灵。,Reference:,1. His spare-time life is colorful. 2. I really appreciate these melodies alive, like old wines. 3. With spring coming, the long-quiet fields during th

7、e cold winter becomes alive again. 4. He is now living a fuller life than before. 5. Our hometown is rich in beauty and intellectuals.,如何审题及列提纲,明确你自己对问题的看法 把文章提示的每一点内容从抽象到具体 例：The Hope Project 1. 希望工程产生的原因和背景； 2. 在我国实行希望工程的必要性； 3. 你自己的观点。,提纲：,第一段为叙述文：要求结合社会现实客观地陈述希望工程出现 的原因和目的。 思路：教育对一个国家的重要性，我国以前农村

8、尤其是贫困地 区的教育状况，希望工程的实施。 第二段为说明加议论：在我国实施希望工程的重要性。 思路：实施希望工程已经带来的益处（正面论述）；如果不实 施希望工程会出现什么样的后果（反面论述）。 第三段为议论文 思路：希望工程已经为贫困地区的教育带来的可喜变化，如何 完善这一事物提出自己的见解和看法。,段落的写作,1.段落的结构：主题句+扩展句+结尾句 （1）主题句 特点：开门见山，直接点题，中心明确，能够帮助大家迅速抓住要领， 避免离题。 试比较以下两组主题句： A: Language is one of the most useful communication tools. As we

9、know, language is one of the most useful communication tools, English, as an international language, is especially so. English, as an international language, is one of the most useful communication tools. 句未涉及中心主题；句则显得累赘、啰嗦；句精炼、紧凑，使人一 目了然。,B: Peter was a very capable person. Peter was made president

10、 of his company last week. There are two reasons why Peter was made president of his company last week. 句为理由，应为扩展句部分；句为结果，可归结论句一类；句意思 全面，直奔主题，应为主题句首选。 写主题句最省劲最容易的方法就是把中文提纲的各句译成英语。 例如： There are a variety of reasons for the birth of The Hope Project. It is necessary to carry out The Hope Project. In

11、my opinion,三种写作结构模式,范文分析（一）,2006 On Learning Abroad 1. 有人认为出国留学是个人发展的最佳选 择。 2. 也有人坚持在国内也能实现自己的理 想。 3. 我的看法。,参考答案,When it comes to the choices of whether to study abroad or at home, different people have different opinions. Some see more advantages to overseas study, while others believe that the dis

12、advantages outweigh its advantages.,With the deepening of reform and opening up of our country, many people can go abroad for further studies. They insist that there are more modern research facilities, world famous professors and excellent environment in some foreign colleges and universities, whic

13、h lay a perfect foundation for their further development. However, there are still many people who favor studying at home. They argue that , for one thing , studying abroad is too expensive and therefore doesnt pay off. For another, there are no language and cultural barriers（障碍）if they study in our

14、 country.,Just as the old saying goes, “Every advantages has its disadvantage.” So I believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense. If students have the chances and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their eyes. On the other hand , if conditions dont

15、 permit, they can pursue their studies at top universities in our country. What counts is not the place where they study, but what they can learn.,范文分析（二）,2005 My Views on Private Cars 1. 私家车的情况。 2. 拥有私家车的利与弊。 3. 我的观点。,参考答案,Where one lives -in the city or in the country, there are some good reasons

16、for owning a car. First, cars have become an important part of convenient form of transportation. Nowadays, more and more people own cars , and a lot more people intend to buy cars. With a car, a person can go around freely without spending a lot of time. Second, a car is a comfortable way to travel

17、, especially in the winter-time. A driver stays warm and dry even in cold, rainy weather. Finally, a driver is usually safe in his car when he goes out at night.,There are , on the other hand, many good reasons against owing a car. First, it can be very expensive to purchase and run a car . The gas

18、shortage has caused a big problem for drivers, and the price of fuel continues to go up each year. In addition, it costs a great deal to maintain , repair and insure a car. Second, owing a car can also cause worry and stress. It is exhausting to drive a car in heavy traffic. What is worse, cars are

19、responsible for most of the smog in cities, which pollutes the environment seriously.,In spite of all the mentioned , I still favor owing a car. The reason is that the car gives a person the schedule his own time. Though we are confronted with a problem of energy crisis, I am sure that the real solu

20、tion will have to be a new kind of car, one that uses cheap, efficient energy and does not contaminate the air.,范文分析（三）,Computer Games, Good or Not? 1. Why do so many people enjoy playing computer games? 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of playing games? 3. Whats your attitude toward com

21、puter games?,Nowadays, many parents and teachers complain that the study of quite a lot of students is ruined by their playing computer games in web bars. School investigations show that many students , including college students , drop out from schools due to their failures in exams. Why do so many

22、 students spend much time on playing computer games in web bars? Different people give different answers. Some say school life is boring and computers are very funny. Other say curiosity is the big concern. But psychologists have enough evidence that play is the instinct of young people . And by pla

23、ying young people learn fast.,Many computer experts insist that they themselves played a lot and much of the computer skills were trained by playing computer games. But the problem lies in that a great number of young people lack self-control and they are all night in web bars and gradually lose int

24、erests in their studies. Thats why many parents and teachers show negative attitude to web bars.,As a young student, I learned a lot from the bitter experience of some of my classmates who ruined their learning in playing computer games. So my attitude towards computer games is that even if computer

25、 games can be entertainment as well as skill training in computer competence, we can not ruin our learning.,小结,范文分析（一）： 提出主题-分别阐述双方的观点或原因-个 人观点 范文分析（二）: 直接分别阐述双方的观点-总结个人观点 范文分析（三）： 数据、现象切入主题-阐述各自的利弊-总 结,练习,Interests Good manners Sports Money is everything? Air pollution,写作模式,首段的写法,如果题目是一个社会问题。（无争议）

26、e.g. Air Pollution / Waste on Campus/ Global Warming / Food Safety /Fake Commodities 模式1： As is known to all, has become a more and more serious problem. 模式2： As far as I know, is significantly severe. 模式3： 社会问题所造成的后果入手 e.g. The sky is not clear any more. Why ? Because the air pollution is becoming serious.,如果题目涉及一个客观话题,并对此话题有争议 e.g. Private Cars/ Computer Games Should Men and Women Be Equal？ Is Money Everything？ 模式1：When it comes to , different people have different ideas/opinions. Some see more advantages to , while others believe that the disadvantages outweigh its advant