鲁教版(新目标)初中八上Unit4-5语法直接引语与间接引语和if的用法ppt课件.ppt

1、,语法复习 -直接引语和间接引语,Unit 4 he said I was hard working,By Li Wenshen,直接引语与间接引语 学习内容 如何把直接引语变成间接引语； 内容要求 灵活运用直接引语和间接引语知识 内容精讲 一、直接引语和间接引语 二、直接引语变为间接引语主要变化情况 三、如何把直接引语变为间接引语？,内容精讲 一、直接引语和间接引语 1、何为直接引语： 直接引用别人所说的话 如：He said, “Why are you standing?” 2、何为间接引语： 间接引用别人所说的话 如：He asked why I was standing.,三、如何把直

2、接引语变为间接引语？ 解析：这需要一个过程。 需要把直接引语中的两个简单句 合并成一个（由连词引导）主从复合句 -即宾语从句 因为从句用在动词和介词之后作_语， 所以称作宾语从句。,宾,二、直接引语变为间接引语主要有以下几种情况：,1. 直接引语是陈述句,2. 直接引语是一般疑问句,3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句,4. 直接引语是祈使句,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,1.陈述句变为引导的宾语从句,e.g. 1. He said, “You are younger than I ”. 2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”.,He said （that） I

3、was younger than him.,He says （that） Tom is a good student.,陈述句连词用that， 有时可以省略掉。,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,3.一般疑问句引导的宾语从句,e.g. She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ” “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked.,She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper.,He asked if (wh

4、ether) they would go to visit the Great Wall.,一般疑问表是否， _ /_ 来引导。,if,whether,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,e.g. 1. He asked, “Where do you live?” 2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked.,He asked where I lived.,He asked how they could get to the post-office.,特殊疑问作宾从， 疑问词引导就可以。,Choose the best answer: 1)

5、.Can you tell me _? A. where does Tom live B. where does Tom lived C. where Tom lives 2). Did you hear _? A. what did I say B. what I said C. what I say,C,B,语序一律用陈述， 标点符号随主句。,Choose the best answer: 1.The weather reporter doesnt say_ A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrow C. if it will

6、rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow 2. Could you tell me where yesterday? A. Did you go B. you go C. you went,C,C,主句若为现在时， 宾从时态不受限。,Choose the best answer: 1.He asked me . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is 2. He asked his father . where it happens B. where did it happen C.

7、how it happened D. how did it happen,B,C,主句若为过去时， 宾从随主时态变。,时态的变化： 主句谓语是现在时，从句的时态不变 主句谓语是过去时，从句的时态要变为过去某时态。主句谓语是现在时或过去时，从句中是客观真理性的时态不变（只用一般现在时）,一般现在时一般过去时 一般将来时过去将来时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时,请看下表,1.Our teacher told us that light _(go) faster than sound. 2. We all knew that the moon _(move) round the ear

8、th. 3. It was true that there _(be) twelve months in a year.,goes,moves,are,客观规律和真理， 特殊情况要牢记。,宾语从句用法口诀： 宾语从句三要素；连词、时态和语序。,陈述句连词用that，有时可以省略掉。,一般疑问表是否，_ /_ 来引导。,特殊疑问作宾从，疑问词引导就可以。,主句若为现在时，宾从时态不受限。 主句若为过去时，宾从随主时态变。 客观规律和真理，特殊情况要牢记。,语序一律用陈述，标点符号随主句。,if,whether,如何把直接引语变为间接引语？,1）连词的选用： 陈述句选 that 一般疑问句选 if

9、 、 whether 选择疑问句 whether 特殊疑问句选疑问词 who 、what等,请注意如下要点：,思考：直接引语如果是祈使句，如何变为间接引语呢？,i：直接引语如果是（实意动词或be动词开头）祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell (ask, order) sb (not) to do sth.”句型。,ask sb. (not) to do sth. （表示客气） tell sb. (not) to do sth. （命令性强于上面） order sb. (not) to do sth.（命令性最强）,e.g. The teacher said, “Do the exercises a

10、gain!”,The teacher told us to do the exercises again.,The object clause (注意人称变化) 1. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 2. “I will come back.” Tom said.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,3.“How much did you pay for the book ?”Tom asked me,Tom asked me how much

11、 I paid or the book.,1）人称代词要根据情况做相应的改变: 有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。,3)如果直接引语为疑问句，主句谓语动词的 说(say)要变成问(ask)。,2) 本句的标点符号要根据主句统一,请把下列直接引语变为间接引语,1.My mother said, “I will buy you a new coat tomorrow.” 2.Tom said, “What are you doing at this moment with your sister?” 3.She said, “Have you finished your homewo

12、rk ?” 4.The teacher said, “Dont touch this instrument without my permission.”,My mother said that she would buy me a new coat the next day.,Tom asked what I was doing at that moment with my sister.,She asked if I had finished my homework .,The teacher told us not to touch that instrument without her

13、 permission.,语法复习 -if的用法,Unit 5 If you go to the party, youll have a good time.,本单元的学习目标是：有if引导的条件状语从句。 主句（一般将来时态）+ if 从句（一般现在时态） If从句（一般现在时态），主句（一般将来时态）。,1. You will be late for school if you get up late. 2. If you get up late, you will be late for school.,主句用一般将来时态 从句用一般现在时态,从句用一般现在时态 主句用一般将来时态,Yo

14、u will have a great time if you go to the party.,If you go to the party, you will have a great time.,1、The teachers _(not, let )you in if you wear jeans to the party. 2、Your brother will be sorry if he _ (stay) at home. 3、Mary _( be) late if she _(take) the bus to the party. 4、You _( have) a great t

15、ime if you _(go) to the party. 5、His parents will be glad if Tom _(get ) good grades. 6、what will you do if your friend _( be ) in danger?,wont let,stays,will be,takes,will have,go,gets,is,全面了解if 的用法 1、if ：“是否” .引导 从句 eg: I dont know if it (rain) tomorrow. 2、if ：“如果” .引导 从句 eg: (1) We (go) for a wal

16、k if it (not rain.) (2) I (not go) out if it (rain).,宾语,will rain,条件,will go,doesnt rain,wont go,rains,做这类题目的关键是什么？,1. 明白句意，正确判断单词意思。,2.正确运用不同意思所引导从句的具体用法。,请用正确的形式填空。 1. If I come, I _ ( see ) you. 2. If it is fine, we_( go ) for a walk. 3. You will fail the exams if you _ ( not be ) careful. 4. Wil

17、l you help me if I _ ( need ) you? 5. They will get wet if it _ ( rain ). 6.If you eat too much, you _( get ) ill. 7. I dont know if he _ ( go ) to the party tonight. 8. Do you know if your mother _(like) this skirt. 9.I want to know if he _(have) dinner yesterday.,will see,will go,arent,need,rains,will get,will go,likes,had,经典试题,用所给单词的正确形式填空： 1.I dont know if he_ _ (come) nex