模拟某公司会计业务处理英文双语会计.ppt

1、A公司1月份会计业务处理,小组成员：陈安琪、陈雨卉、姜珊、 李金鑫、李天琛、孙佳维,Accounting Cycle(会计循环),会计循环的定义 The accounting process that begins with analyzing and journalizing transactions and ends with the post-closing is called the accounting cycle. 从记日记账开始一直到结账结束的完整的会计过程就叫做会计循环。,Accounting Cycle(会计循环),1.Journal.(登日记账) 2.Ledger.(登账)

2、 3.An unadjusted trial balance.(为调节前的试算平衡表) 4.Adjustment data.(整理需要调节的科目) 5.An optional end-of-period spreadsheet.(进行一份工作总结) 6.Adjusting entries.(将调整科目登日记账并过账) 7.An adjusted trial balance.(调整后的试算平衡表) 8.Financial statements.(绘制财务报表) 9.Closing entries.(结账并登日记账和过账) 10.A post-closing trial balance.(结账后的

3、试算平衡表),1,6,9,Journal,2,6,9,Ledger,Unadjusted Trial Balance,Adjusted Trial Balance,Post-closing Trial Balance,4,Adjustment Data,8,Financial Statements,Step 5需注意,An optional end-of-period spreadsheet (work sheet) is not required, but it is useful in showing the flow of accounting information from the

4、unadjusted trial balance to the adjusted trial balance and financial statement. In addition, an end-of-period spreadsheet is useful in analyzing the impact of proposed adjustments on the financial statements.,Journalizing（记录日记账）,Step 1. Entry the Date.(写入会计业务发生的日期) Step 2. Entry the title of the acc

5、ounting to be debited and the amount to be debited. (写入借方科目和借方金额) Step 3. Entry the title of the accounting to be credited and the amount to be credited. (写入贷方科目和贷方金额) Step 4. Entry a brief description.(写摘要) Step 5. Journal entry.(过账),Jan.1.2012 Peter deposits $40,000 in a bank account in the name o

6、f A company.,Jan.1.2012 A company paid a premium of $1,500 for an insurance policy for liability, theft, and fire. The policy covers half a year period.,Jan.1.2012 A company paid $1,500 for the purchase of land as a future building site.,Jan.1.2012 A company rent the land to the retailer for half a

7、year, with the rent payable in advance. A company received $500 for half a years rent beginning January 1.,Jan.3.2012 A company purchased supplies for $1,500 and agreed to pay the supplier in the near.,Jan.5.2012 A company received cash of $5,000 for providing services to customers.,Jan.31.2012 A co

8、mpany incurred the following expenses: wages,$2,200;rent,$800;utilities,$500;and miscellaneous,$200.,Jan.31.2012 A company paid creditors on account $500.,Jan.31.2012 Peter determined that the cost of supplies on hand at January 31 was $500.,1500-500=1000,Jan.31.2012 Peter withdrew $10,000 from A co

9、mpany for personal use.,Jan.31.2012 Peter prepaid insurance account represents a January 1 prepayment of insurance for months.,1500/6=250,Jan.31.2012 unadjusted trial balance of Peter indicates a balance in the Unearned rent account of $83.3,500/6=83.3,Jan.31.2012 Closing Entries for A,Jan.31.2012 C

10、losing Entries for A,Jan.31.2012 Closing Entries for A,5083.3-4950=133.3,Jan.31.2012 Closing Entries for A,Posting journal entries to accounts（登帐）,Step 1. Entry the date.（写入日期） Step 2. Entry the account. （将金额记入借方科目栏或贷方科目栏） Step 3. Entry the journal page number. （将日记账页数记入Post Ref.栏） Step 4. Entry the

11、 account number. （写入会计科目编码）,Ledger for A,How to prepare an unadjusted trial balance （未调整的试算平衡表）,Step 1. List the name of the company, the title of the trial balance, and the date the trial balance is prepared. （把公司名称，试算平衡表名称和日期编入试算平衡表中） Step 2. List the accounts from the ledger and enter their debit

12、 or credit balance. （写入会计科目名称和相关金额） Step 3. Total the Debit and Credit columns of the trial balance.（计算借方科目和贷方科目的总额） Step 4. Verify that the total of the Debit column equals the total of the Credit column. （若借方科目和贷方科目相等，则正确；若借方科目和贷方科目不平，则需查找看是前面哪一步骤出现错误）,A Company Unadjusted Trial Balance January 31

13、，2012 Debit Credit Balances Balances Cash. 28,300 Supplies 1,500 Prepaid Insurance. 1,500 Land 1,500 Accounts Payable. 1,500 Unearned Rent. 500 Peter. Capital 4,000 Peter, Drawing. 11,000 Fees Earned. 5,000 Wages Expense. 2,200 Rent Expense. 800 Utilities Expense. 500 Miscellaneous Expense 200 _ 46,

14、500 46,500,Methods to discovering errors: 1.If the difference between the Debit and Credit column totals is 10,000 or 1,000，an error in addition may have occurred. In this case，re-add the trial balance column totals. If the error still exists，recompute the account balances. 2. If the difference betw

15、een the Debit and Credit column totals can be evenly divisible by 2，the error may be due to the entering of a debit balance as a credit balance，or vice versa. In this case，review the trial balance for account balances of one-half the difference that may have been entered in the wrong column.,Errors

16、Affecting the Trial Balance,3.If the difference between the Debit and Credit column totals is evenly divisible by 9，trance account balances back to the ledger to see if an account balance was incorrectly copied from the ledger. Two common types of copying errors are transpositions and slides. A tran

17、sposition occurs when the older of the digits is copied incorrectly，such as writing $542 as $452 or $524. In a slides，the entire numbering $542.00 as $54.20 or $5,420.00.In both cases，the resulting error will be evenly divisible by 9.,4.If the difference between the Debit and Credit column totals is

18、 not evenly divisible by 2 or 9，review the ledger if an account balance in the account of error has been omitted from the trial balance. If the error is not discovered，review the journal postings to see if a posting of a debit or a credit may have been omitted. 5.If an error is not discovered by the

19、 preceding steps，the accounting process must be retraced，beginning with the last journal entry.,The Adjusting Process,1、Some expenses are not recorded daily. 2、Some revenues and expenses are incurred as time passes rather than as separate transaction. 3、Some revenues and expenses may be unrecorded.,

20、Reasons:,Recording adjusting entries（会计科目的调整）,Types of Accounts Requiring Adjustment （需要调整的会计科目类型） 1. Prepaid expenses 3. Accrued revenues 2. Unearned revenues 4. Accrued expenses,Prepaid expenses are the advance payment of future expense and are recorded as assets when cash is paid. Prepaid expense

21、 become expense over time or during operations.,Unearned revenues are the advance receipt of future revenues and recorded as liabilities when cash is received. Unearned revenues become earned revenues over time or during operations.,Accrued revenues are unrecorded revenues that have been earned and

22、for which cash has yet to be received. Fees for services that an attorney or a doctor has provided but not yet billed are accrued revenues.,Accrued expenses are unrecorded expense that have been incurred and for which cash has yet to be paid. Wages owed to employees at the end of a period but not ye

23、t paid is an accrued expense.,Recording Adjusting Entries （将调整后的科目登帐）,Example:,At the end of January，the supplies expense account should be increased for $1,000 ，and the supplies account should be decreased for $ 1,000 to record the supplies used during January. The adjusting journal and T accounts

24、for supplies and supplies expense are as follows:,Supplies,Supplies Expense,The adjusting entry is shown in color in the T accounts to separate from other transactions. After the adjusting entry is recorded and posted，the supplies account has a debit balance of $500.This balance is an asset that wil

25、l become an expense in a future period.,Adjusted trial balance（调整后的试算平衡表）,The same step at the unadjusted trial balance. （与未调整的试算平衡表同一步骤，如借方总金额和贷方总金额相等，进行结账；若借方总金额和贷方总金额不等，检查调整过程是否有错误）,A Company Adjusted Trial Balance January 31，2012 Debit Credit Balances Balances Cash. 28,300 Supplies 500 Prepaid I

26、nsurance. 1,250 Land. 1,500 Accounts Payable 1,000 Peter.Capital 40,000 Peter,Drawing 11,000 Fees Earned 5,000 Wages Expense 2,200 Rent Expense. 800 Utilities Expense. 500 Miscellaneous Expense 200 Supplies Expense 1,000 Insurance Expense 250 Rent Revenue . 83.3 Unearned Rent . 416.7 47,500 47,500,F

27、inancial Statements（财务报表）,the Income Statement the Statement of Owner Equity the Balance Sheet.,the Income Statement,The income statement is prepared directly from the Income Statement or Adjusted Trial Balance columns.,Net income = Total revenues Total expenses,A Company Net Solutions Income Statem

28、ent For the Two Months Ended January 31，2012 Fees Earned 000 Rent Revenue _000_ Total revenues. 000 Expense: Wages Expense 000 Supplies Expense. 000 Rent Expense. 000 Utilities Expense. 000 Insurance Expense. 000 Depreciation Expense 000 Miscellaneous Expense. _000_ Total expenses 000 Net income 000

29、,the Statement of Owner Equity,The first item presented on the statement of owners equity is the balance of the owners capital account at the beginning of the period .The amount listed as owners capital in the spreadsheet, however, is not always the acccount balance at the beginning of the period.,A

30、 Company Net Solutions Statement of Owners Equity For the Two Months Ended December 31,2009 Chris Clark capital, November 1, 2009. 000 Investment on November 1, 2009 000 Net income for November and December _000_ 000 Less withdraws 000_ Increase in owners equity 000_ Chris Clark, capital, December 3

31、1,2009 . 000,The owner may have invested additional investments, it is necessary to refer to the owners capital account in the ledger. These amounts, along with the net income (or net loss) and the drawing account balance, are used to determine the ending owners capital account balance.,the Balance Sheet,Assets,Current Assets,Property, Plant, and Equipment,Liabilities,。,Current Liabilities,Long-Term Liabilities,。,Owners Equity,The owners right to the assets o