高考英语一轮复习 专题突破解题策略4 阅读理解 主旨大意题轻松破课件 外研版

1、必修四,第一部分,专题突破解题策略(四),阅读理解主旨大意题轻松破,主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，是作者在文章中努力通过各种信息来阐明的中心话题。把握主旨大意对正确理解全文具有重要意义。主旨大意题旨在考查考生对文章大意的理解和概括能力。考题中往往出现下列词语：subject，topic，theme，title，main idea等。,1采用浏览法抓住主题句。 主题句通常在文章开头或结尾，而段落主题句有可能在一段的开头或结尾。主题句常出现在“总结性”语言的“信号词或短语”后，如：in summary，in a word，a

2、s a result，finally，in short，in conclusion和in brief等；主题句常出现在“转移话题式”语言的“信号词”后，如：but，however，nevertheless，hence等。标题的语言特点：独特新颖、概括性强、短小精悍。,(2016全国高考d) the meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.a silence in a conve

3、rsation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry.silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation.persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person

4、s needs.,many native americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional chinese and thai persons do.therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listen

5、er to consider what has been said before continuing.in these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.for example, russian, french, and

6、 spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.,however, mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.in still another use, persons in asian cultures ma

7、y view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.nurses should recognize their own personal and cultur

8、al construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.a nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.,35what may be the best ti

9、tle for the text? asound and silence bwhat it means to be silent csilence to native americans dspeech is silver; silence is gold 解析：b通读全文可知，文章介绍了沉默在不同文化里所代表的含义，故选b。文章未谈及sound，所以a项不对；文章虽谈到了silence to native americans，但这不是文章的中心内容，故排除c项；文章未涉及speech is silver的内容，所以d项也不对。,(2016天津高考d) failure is probably

10、the most exhausting experience a person ever has.there is nothing more tiring than not succeeding. . an hour later, i woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind.in the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step.though i worked as h

11、ard as before, i felt no fatigue.success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing. human beings, i believe，must try to succeed.success, then, means never feeling tired.,55what could be the best title for the passage? asuccess is built upon failure bhow to handle performance fatigue cgettin

12、g over fatigue: a way to success dfatigue: an early sign of health problems 解析：c文章首尾呼应，主题鲜明，主要介绍了摆脱启动疲惫和执行疲惫从而获得成功的方法。,2抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。 寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。,(2015 江苏高考c) suppose you become a leader in an organization. its very likely that youll want

13、 to have volunteers to help with the organizations activities. to do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.,lets begin with the question of why people volunteer. researchers have identified several factors that motivate people

14、to get involved. for example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. if volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. to select volunteers, you may need to

15、understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.,people also volunteer because they are required to do so. to increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. unfortunately, these programs can shift peoples wish of participation from an int

16、ernal factor (e.g., “i volunteer because its important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “i volunteer because im required to do so”). when that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. people must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must. o

17、nce people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time?,64what is the best title of the passage? ahow to get people to volunteer bhow to study volunteer behaviors chow to keep volunteers interest dhow to organize volunteer activities 解析：a本文是一篇议论文。文章分析讲述志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会。文

18、章首段提出假设：假如你是一名组织领导人，很想得到志愿者的帮助。并指出在此之前，必须弄清志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会，并通过3个实验研究志愿者的意图。因此a项(如何使人们从事志愿者服务)是文章的最佳标题。,3抓住主线和关键，归纳文章大意。 没有主题句的文章，可以分析每段的段落大意以及表现活跃的高频词汇来确定主题，最后进行归纳总结。,(2016北京高考b) surviving hurricane sandy(飓风桑迪) . in the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: christopher, who received a

19、new basketball; charlie, who got a new keyboard.natalie also worked with other organizations to bring muchneed supplies to rockaway.her efforts made her a famous person.last april, she was invited to the white house and honored as a hurricane sandy champion of change.,today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in rockaway, but hope is in the air.the streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt.“i cant imagine living anywhere but rock